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List of operas by Claudio Monteverdi

The Italian composer Claudio Monteverdi (1567–1643) wrote several works for the stage between 1604 and 1643, including ten in the then-emerging opera genre. Of these, both the music and libretto for three are extant: L'Orfeo (1607), Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria (1640) and L'incoronazione di Poppea (1643). Seven other opera projects are known; four were completed and performed during Monteverdi's lifetime, while he abandoned another three at some point. The libretto has survived for some of these lost operas.

The Ducal Palace in Mantua, where L'Orfeo was premiered in 1607

The opera genre emerged during Monteverdi's earlier career, first as courtly entertainment trying to revive Greek theatre.[1] The first known work to be regarded as an opera in the modern sense is Dafne (1598) by Jacopo Peri, and his Euridice (1600) is the earliest surviving one.[2] Since Monteverdi served as the court composer for the Gonzaga family from 1590 to 1612, he likely joined Duke Vincenzo Gonzaga in Florence for the 6 October 1600 premiere of Euridice.[3] While Monteverdi's own impressions of the work are unknown, the duke realised the potential of this new art form and sought to gain prestige from the patronage of it.[4] Therefore, he commissioned Monteverdi in late 1606 for a work which is now considered as the "birth of Western Opera",[5] L'Orfeo, on a libretto by Alessandro Striggio the Younger.[6]

In 1613 Monteverdi became maestro di cappella at St Mark's Basilica in Venice, where he continued to compose operas for the Gonzaga court and later for the Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo.[7][8] The only two to survive are Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria on a libretto by Giacomo Badoaro and his final opera, L'incoronazione di Poppea, on a book by Giovanni Francesco Busenello. Seven of his operas are lost. Of these, L'Arianna, Andromeda, Proserpina rapita and Le nozze d'Enea con Lavinia were completed and performed during Monteverdi's lifetime. The other three lost operas, Le nozze di Tetide, La finta pazza Licori and Armida abbandonata, were never finished, so it is unknown how much music was completed, if any. For some of them, at least the libretto survived, by authors including Scipione Agnelli, Ercole Marigliani, Ottavio Rinuccini, Giulio Strozzi and Torquato Tasso.[9]

The term opera was not widely used until the late 17th century, so Monteverdi's musical stage works were known by various names such as favola in musica (musical fable), dramma in musica (musical drama), or tragedia in musica (musical tragedy).[1] Monteverdi was instrumental in developing and popularizing the genre for public musical theatre, his L'Orfeo is the earliest opera still regularly performed.[10][11]

List of operas edit

survived Libretto and music extant
fragments Libretto and fragments of the music extant
libretto Libretto extant, music lost
lost Libretto and music lost
Operas by Claudio Monteverdi[12]
Period[a] Title Status Genre[13] Librettist Premiere SV[b]
Date Venue Occasion
1606–07 L'Orfeo survived Favola in musica Striggio Mantua
4 February 1607
Ducal Palace Mantua Carnival 318
Score
1607–08 L'Arianna fragments Tragedia in musica Rinuccini Mantua
28 May 1608
Ducal Palace Ducal wedding 291
Score
1639 (rev.) Venice
1639–1640
San Moisè Venice Carnival
1616–17 Le nozze di Tetide lost Favola marittima[c] Agnelli Incomplete Ducal wedding
1618–20 Andromeda libretto Favola in musica Marigliani Mantua
1 March 1620
Ducal Palace (probably)[13] Mantua Carnival[16]
1626 Armida abbandonata libretto Tasso[d] Incomplete Ducal wedding[18]
1627 La finta pazza Licori lost Strozzi Incomplete Possibly ducal ascension[19]
1630 Proserpina rapita fragment[e] Anatopismo[f] Strozzi Venice
16 April 1630
Mocenigo Palace Wedding 323
Score
1640 Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria survived Dramma per musica Badoaro Venice
1639–40
Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo Venice Carnival 325
Score
1640 Le nozze d'Enea con Lavinia[g] libretto Tragedia di lieto fine Badoaro Venice
1640–41
Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo Venice Carnival
1643 L'incoronazione di Poppea survived Dramma musicale[h] Busenello Venice
1643
Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo Venice Carnival 308
Score

Overview of operas edit

L'Orfeo edit

(English: "Orfeo")

Monteverdi composed L'Orfeo, a favola in musica (story in music), to a libretto by Alessandro Striggio for the annual carnival season in Mantua in 1607. Commissioned by the Accademia degli Invaghiti [it], it was premiered at the Ducal Palace on 4 February 1607.[22] The work is the earliest opera still frequently performed and recorded.[23] The libretto is written with dramatic instinct, different from earlier experiments in the new genre.[24]

L'Arianna edit

(English: "Ariadne")

L'Arianna, a tragedia in musica (tragedy in music), was written for the wedding celebrations of Duke Vincenzo's oldest son and heir Francesco and Margaret of Savoy. The libretto by Rinuccini is based on the Greek Ariadne myth. It was premiered at the Ducal Palace on 28 May 1608.[25]

Le nozze di Tetide edit

(English: "The wedding of Thetis")

Le nozze di Tetide, a favola marittima (maritime story),[c] was a project for the wedding celebrations of Duke Ferdinando and Catherine de' Medici. Monteverdi was given the libretto by Scipione Agnelli without an author's name, which he criticised in a December 1616 letter.[26] He began the composition,[27] until the commission was withdrawn in January 1617.[28]

Andromeda edit

Andromeda is a favola in musica commissioned by Don Vincenzo Gonzaga for the Mantua Carnival of March 1618, set to a libretto by Marigliani. Due to Monteverdi's disinterest it took two years to complete and premiered during the 1620 Carnival season, 1–3 March.[29][30] The music is lost, but the libretto, long believed lost, was rediscovered in 1984.[31]

Armida abbandonata edit

(English: "The abandoned Armida")

Armida abbandonata was written to a libretto by Torquato Tasso,[d] and intended for the wedding celebrations of Duke Odoardo of Parma and Margherita de' Medici. Monteverdi completed the score, but the performance was canceled due to the duke's death at the end of December 1627. Only a song for three voices, "Come dolce oggi l'auretta", survives.[32][33]

La finta pazza Licori edit

(English: "The feigned madwoman Licori")

La finta pazza Licori was commissioned by the Mantua court secretary, Alessandro Striggio the Younger, probably to celebrate the ascension of Duke Vincenzo II.[19][33] The work is the first known attempt at a comic opera,[34] but Striggio did not like Strozzi's libretto and cancelled the commission in September 1627.[32]

Proserpina rapita edit

(English: "The rape of Proserpine")

Proserpina rapita, an anatopismo,[f] was composed to a libretto by Strozzi for the wedding celebrations of Lorenzo Giustiniani and Giustiniana Mocenigo, and premiered at the Mocenigo Palace in Venice on 16 April 1630.[35] Only a song for three voices, "Come dolce oggi l'auretta", survived.[20]

Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria edit

(English: "The return of Ulysses to his homeland")

After the first public theatre opened in Venice, the Teatro San Cassiano in 1637, Monteverdi composed a trilogy of operas for public theatre in Venice, beginning with Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria, a dramma per musica, to a libretto by Badoaro.[36] It was premiered at the Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo during the 1639–40 carnival season.[37]

Le nozze d'Enea con Lavinia edit

(English: "The marriage of Aeneas to Lavinia")

Le nozze d'Enea con Lavinia[g], a tragedia di lieto fine (happy ending tragedy), with another libretto by Badoaro, was the second opera written for the Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo and first performed in the 1640–41 carnival season. While the libretto survives, the music is lost.[36][37]

L'incoronazione di Poppea edit

 
Title page of the libretto

(English: "The coronation of Poppaea")

L'incoronazione di Poppea is a dramma musicale[h] set to a libretto by Busenello. It is the final opera of the trilogy written for the Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo, where it was first performed during the 1643 carnival season. It was one of the first operas based on historical events and people.[36][37]

References edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Period at which the opera was written
  2. ^ Catalogue number in the Stattkus-Verzeichnis, if assigned
  3. ^ a b The exact genre of this work is uncertain and referred to in a number of ways: an "opera", an "operatic composition", or a favola marittima ("sea story"), the name by which Monteverdi first described it.[14][15]
  4. ^ a b The words were not written specifically for the opera as they were adapted from poems by Tasso.[17]
  5. ^ Only a single song for three voices, "Come dolce oggi l'auretta", survives.[20]
  6. ^ a b Known as an "anatopismo", but the meaning of the term is unknown.[21]
  7. ^ a b Alternatively known as Le nozze d'Enea e Lavinia or Le nozze d'Enea in Lavinia
  8. ^ a b Sometimes referred to as an "opera regia"[1]

Citations edit

  1. ^ a b c Brown et al. 2001.
  2. ^ Sonneck 1913, p. 102.
  3. ^ Sternfeld 1986, p. 26.
  4. ^ Ringer 2006, p. 16.
  5. ^ Moller, Nathalie (24 February 2017). "L'Orfeo de Claudio Monteverdi est-il le premier opéra ?" [Is Orfeo by Claudio Monteverdi the first ever opera?]. France Musique (in French).
  6. ^ Ringer 2006, pp. 16, 43.
  7. ^ Carter 2002, pp. 1–3.
  8. ^ Fabbri 1994, p. 2.
  9. ^ Carter 2002, pp. 298–305.
  10. ^ Ringer 2006, pp. 43.
  11. ^ "The Root Of All Opera: Monteverdi's 'Orfeo'". NPR. 8 January 2010.
  12. ^ Information is from Carter 2002, pp. 298–305 unless otherwise noted.
  13. ^ a b Carter & Chew 2001.
  14. ^ Carter 2002, p. 48.
  15. ^ Ringer 2006, p. 113.
  16. ^ Carter 2002, pp. 167–168.
  17. ^ Stevens 1980, pp. 311–13.
  18. ^ Fabbri 1994, pp. 201–204, 223.
  19. ^ a b Fabbri 1994, pp. 198–199.
  20. ^ a b Fabbri 1994, p. 223.
  21. ^ Fabbri 1994, p. 221.
  22. ^ Carter 2002, p. 298.
  23. ^ Weinstock & Hanning 2020.
  24. ^ Ringer 2006, pp. 43–44.
  25. ^ Carter 2002, p. 299.
  26. ^ Fabbri 1994, pp. 148–151.
  27. ^ Fabbri 1994, p. 151.
  28. ^ Carter 2002, p. 301.
  29. ^ Carter 2002, pp. 167–168, 301.
  30. ^ Fabbri 1994, p. 154.
  31. ^ Rosenthal 1985, pp. 1–8.
  32. ^ a b Fabbri 1994, pp. 201–204.
  33. ^ a b Carter 2002, p. 303.
  34. ^ Ringer 2006, pp. 111–113.
  35. ^ Carter 2002, p. 304.
  36. ^ a b c Ringer 2006, pp. 130–131.
  37. ^ a b c Carter 2002, p. 305.

Sources edit

Books
Articles

list, operas, claudio, monteverdi, italian, composer, claudio, monteverdi, 1567, 1643, wrote, several, works, stage, between, 1604, 1643, including, then, emerging, opera, genre, these, both, music, libretto, three, extant, orfeo, 1607, ritorno, ulisse, patria. The Italian composer Claudio Monteverdi 1567 1643 wrote several works for the stage between 1604 and 1643 including ten in the then emerging opera genre Of these both the music and libretto for three are extant L Orfeo 1607 Il ritorno d Ulisse in patria 1640 and L incoronazione di Poppea 1643 Seven other opera projects are known four were completed and performed during Monteverdi s lifetime while he abandoned another three at some point The libretto has survived for some of these lost operas The Ducal Palace in Mantua where L Orfeo was premiered in 1607The opera genre emerged during Monteverdi s earlier career first as courtly entertainment trying to revive Greek theatre 1 The first known work to be regarded as an opera in the modern sense is Dafne 1598 by Jacopo Peri and his Euridice 1600 is the earliest surviving one 2 Since Monteverdi served as the court composer for the Gonzaga family from 1590 to 1612 he likely joined Duke Vincenzo Gonzaga in Florence for the 6 October 1600 premiere of Euridice 3 While Monteverdi s own impressions of the work are unknown the duke realised the potential of this new art form and sought to gain prestige from the patronage of it 4 Therefore he commissioned Monteverdi in late 1606 for a work which is now considered as the birth of Western Opera 5 L Orfeo on a libretto by Alessandro Striggio the Younger 6 In 1613 Monteverdi became maestro di cappella at St Mark s Basilica in Venice where he continued to compose operas for the Gonzaga court and later for the Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo 7 8 The only two to survive are Il ritorno d Ulisse in patria on a libretto by Giacomo Badoaro and his final opera L incoronazione di Poppea on a book by Giovanni Francesco Busenello Seven of his operas are lost Of these L Arianna Andromeda Proserpina rapita and Le nozze d Enea con Lavinia were completed and performed during Monteverdi s lifetime The other three lost operas Le nozze di Tetide La finta pazza Licori and Armida abbandonata were never finished so it is unknown how much music was completed if any For some of them at least the libretto survived by authors including Scipione Agnelli Ercole Marigliani Ottavio Rinuccini Giulio Strozzi and Torquato Tasso 9 The term opera was not widely used until the late 17th century so Monteverdi s musical stage works were known by various names such as favola in musica musical fable dramma in musica musical drama or tragedia in musica musical tragedy 1 Monteverdi was instrumental in developing and popularizing the genre for public musical theatre his L Orfeo is the earliest opera still regularly performed 10 11 Contents 1 List of operas 2 Overview of operas 2 1 L Orfeo 2 2 L Arianna 2 3 Le nozze di Tetide 2 4 Andromeda 2 5 Armida abbandonata 2 6 La finta pazza Licori 2 7 Proserpina rapita 2 8 Il ritorno d Ulisse in patria 2 9 Le nozze d Enea con Lavinia 2 10 L incoronazione di Poppea 3 References 3 1 Notes 3 2 Citations 3 3 SourcesList of operas editsurvived Libretto and music extantfragments Libretto and fragments of the music extant libretto Libretto extant music lostlost Libretto and music lostOperas by Claudio Monteverdi 12 Period a Title Status Genre 13 Librettist Premiere SV b Date Venue Occasion1606 07 L Orfeo survived Favola in musica Striggio Mantua 4 February 1607 Ducal Palace Mantua Carnival 318Score1607 08 L Arianna fragments Tragedia in musica Rinuccini Mantua 28 May 1608 Ducal Palace Ducal wedding 291Score1639 rev Venice 1639 1640 San Moise Venice Carnival1616 17 Le nozze di Tetide lost Favola marittima c Agnelli Incomplete Ducal wedding 1618 20 Andromeda libretto Favola in musica Marigliani Mantua 1 March 1620 Ducal Palace probably 13 Mantua Carnival 16 1626 Armida abbandonata libretto Tasso d Incomplete Ducal wedding 18 1627 La finta pazza Licori lost Strozzi Incomplete Possibly ducal ascension 19 1630 Proserpina rapita fragment e Anatopismo f Strozzi Venice 16 April 1630 Mocenigo Palace Wedding 323Score1640 Il ritorno d Ulisse in patria survived Dramma per musica Badoaro Venice 1639 40 Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo Venice Carnival 325Score1640 Le nozze d Enea con Lavinia g libretto Tragedia di lieto fine Badoaro Venice 1640 41 Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo Venice Carnival 1643 L incoronazione di Poppea survived Dramma musicale h Busenello Venice 1643 Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo Venice Carnival 308ScoreOverview of operas editL Orfeo edit English Orfeo Monteverdi composed L Orfeo a favola in musica story in music to a libretto by Alessandro Striggio for the annual carnival season in Mantua in 1607 Commissioned by the Accademia degli Invaghiti it it was premiered at the Ducal Palace on 4 February 1607 22 The work is the earliest opera still frequently performed and recorded 23 The libretto is written with dramatic instinct different from earlier experiments in the new genre 24 L Arianna edit English Ariadne L Arianna a tragedia in musica tragedy in music was written for the wedding celebrations of Duke Vincenzo s oldest son and heir Francesco and Margaret of Savoy The libretto by Rinuccini is based on the Greek Ariadne myth It was premiered at the Ducal Palace on 28 May 1608 25 Le nozze di Tetide edit English The wedding of Thetis Le nozze di Tetide a favola marittima maritime story c was a project for the wedding celebrations of Duke Ferdinando and Catherine de Medici Monteverdi was given the libretto by Scipione Agnelli without an author s name which he criticised in a December 1616 letter 26 He began the composition 27 until the commission was withdrawn in January 1617 28 Andromeda edit Andromeda is a favola in musica commissioned by Don Vincenzo Gonzaga for the Mantua Carnival of March 1618 set to a libretto by Marigliani Due to Monteverdi s disinterest it took two years to complete and premiered during the 1620 Carnival season 1 3 March 29 30 The music is lost but the libretto long believed lost was rediscovered in 1984 31 Armida abbandonata edit English The abandoned Armida Armida abbandonata was written to a libretto by Torquato Tasso d and intended for the wedding celebrations of Duke Odoardo of Parma and Margherita de Medici Monteverdi completed the score but the performance was canceled due to the duke s death at the end of December 1627 Only a song for three voices Come dolce oggi l auretta survives 32 33 La finta pazza Licori edit English The feigned madwoman Licori La finta pazza Licori was commissioned by the Mantua court secretary Alessandro Striggio the Younger probably to celebrate the ascension of Duke Vincenzo II 19 33 The work is the first known attempt at a comic opera 34 but Striggio did not like Strozzi s libretto and cancelled the commission in September 1627 32 Proserpina rapita edit English The rape of Proserpine Proserpina rapita an anatopismo f was composed to a libretto by Strozzi for the wedding celebrations of Lorenzo Giustiniani and Giustiniana Mocenigo and premiered at the Mocenigo Palace in Venice on 16 April 1630 35 Only a song for three voices Come dolce oggi l auretta survived 20 Il ritorno d Ulisse in patria edit English The return of Ulysses to his homeland After the first public theatre opened in Venice the Teatro San Cassiano in 1637 Monteverdi composed a trilogy of operas for public theatre in Venice beginning with Il ritorno d Ulisse in patria a dramma per musica to a libretto by Badoaro 36 It was premiered at the Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo during the 1639 40 carnival season 37 Le nozze d Enea con Lavinia edit English The marriage of Aeneas to Lavinia Le nozze d Enea con Lavinia g a tragedia di lieto fine happy ending tragedy with another libretto by Badoaro was the second opera written for the Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo and first performed in the 1640 41 carnival season While the libretto survives the music is lost 36 37 L incoronazione di Poppea edit nbsp Title page of the libretto English The coronation of Poppaea L incoronazione di Poppea is a dramma musicale h set to a libretto by Busenello It is the final opera of the trilogy written for the Teatro Santi Giovanni e Paolo where it was first performed during the 1643 carnival season It was one of the first operas based on historical events and people 36 37 References editNotes edit Period at which the opera was written Catalogue number in the Stattkus Verzeichnis if assigned a b The exact genre of this work is uncertain and referred to in a number of ways an opera an operatic composition or a favola marittima sea story the name by which Monteverdi first described it 14 15 a b The words were not written specifically for the opera as they were adapted from poems by Tasso 17 Only a single song for three voices Come dolce oggi l auretta survives 20 a b Known as an anatopismo but the meaning of the term is unknown 21 a b Alternatively known as Le nozze d Enea e Lavinia or Le nozze d Enea in Lavinia a b Sometimes referred to as an opera regia 1 Citations edit a b c Brown et al 2001 Sonneck 1913 p 102 Sternfeld 1986 p 26 Ringer 2006 p 16 Moller Nathalie 24 February 2017 L Orfeo de Claudio Monteverdi est il le premier opera Is Orfeo by Claudio Monteverdi the first ever opera France Musique in French Ringer 2006 pp 16 43 Carter 2002 pp 1 3 Fabbri 1994 p 2 Carter 2002 pp 298 305 Ringer 2006 pp 43 The Root Of All Opera Monteverdi s Orfeo NPR 8 January 2010 Information is from Carter 2002 pp 298 305 unless otherwise noted a b Carter amp Chew 2001 Carter 2002 p 48 Ringer 2006 p 113 Carter 2002 pp 167 168 Stevens 1980 pp 311 13 Fabbri 1994 pp 201 204 223 a b Fabbri 1994 pp 198 199 a b Fabbri 1994 p 223 Fabbri 1994 p 221 Carter 2002 p 298 Weinstock amp Hanning 2020 Ringer 2006 pp 43 44 Carter 2002 p 299 Fabbri 1994 pp 148 151 Fabbri 1994 p 151 Carter 2002 p 301 Carter 2002 pp 167 168 301 Fabbri 1994 p 154 Rosenthal 1985 pp 1 8 a b Fabbri 1994 pp 201 204 a b Carter 2002 p 303 Ringer 2006 pp 111 113 Carter 2002 p 304 a b c Ringer 2006 pp 130 131 a b c Carter 2002 p 305 Sources edit BooksCarter Tim 2002 Monteverdi s Musical Theatre New Haven Yale University Press ISBN 978 0 300 09676 7 Fabbri Paolo 1994 Monteverdi Carter Tim tr Cambridge Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 35133 1 Ringer Mark 2006 Opera s First Master The Musical Dramas of Claudio Monteverdi Newark Amadeus Press ISBN 978 1 57467 110 0 Sternfeld F W 1986 The Orpheus myth and the libretto of Orfeo in Whenham John ed Claudio Monteverdi Orfeo Cambridge Cambridge University Press ISBN 978 0 521 24148 9 Stevens Denis 1980 The Letters of Claudio Monteverdi New York Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge ISBN 978 0 521 23591 4 ArticlesBrown Howard Rosand Ellen Strohm Reinhard Noiray Michel Parker Roger Whittall Arnold Savage Roger Millington Barry 2001 Opera i Grove Music Online Oxford Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article 40726 ISBN 978 1 56159 263 0 subscription or UK public library membership required Carter Tim Chew Geoffrey 2001 Monteverdi Monteverde Claudio Grove Music Online Oxford Oxford University Press doi 10 1093 gmo 9781561592630 article 44352 ISBN 978 1 56159 263 0 subscription or UK public library membership required Rosenthal Albi in German January 1985 Monteverdi s Andromeda A Lost Libretto Found Music amp Letters 66 1 1 8 doi 10 1093 ml 66 1 1 JSTOR 855431 subscription required Sonneck O G 1913 Dafne the First Opera A Chronological Study Sammelbande der Internationalen Musikgesellschaft 15 1 102 110 JSTOR 929391 subscription required Weinstock Herbert Hanning Barbara Russano 2020 Monteverdi Opera Civic humanism Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica Chicago Encyclopaedia Britannica Inc Portals nbsp Classical music nbsp Italy nbsp Music nbsp Opera Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title List of operas by Claudio Monteverdi amp oldid 1178385637, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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