Wikipedia
List of cities by GDP
This is a list of cities in the world by gross domestic product (GDP). The United Nations uses three definitions for what constitutes a city, as not all cities may be classified using the same criteria. Cities may be defined as the cities proper, the extent of their urban area, or their metropolitan regions.[3] The methodology of calculating GDP may differ between the studies and are widely based on projections and sometimes approximate estimations, notably for cities that are not within the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Refer to sources for more information. Click on the headers to reorganize columns.
Metropolitan area
Major metropolitan areas contributing at least 2.5% of world GDP.
| Rank (PPP) | Rank (nominal) | Metropolitan area | Country/region | UNSD | Visual Capitalist[5] 2021 est. GDP (million US$) | Visual Capitalist[6] 2021 est. PPP-adjusted GDP (million US$) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | New York | United States | Northern America | 2,198,698 | 1,874,398 |
| 2 | 2 | Tokyo | Japan | Eastern Asia | 2,055,698 | 2,205,652 |
| 3 | 3 | London | United Kingdom | Northern Europe | 1,942,703 | 1,564,297 |
| 4 | 4 | Los Angeles | United States | Northern America | 1,133,627 | 1,133,627 |
| 5 | 7 | Seoul | South Korea | Eastern Asia | 926,790 | 1,125,042 |
| 6 | 6 | Paris | France | Western Europe | 934,168 | 1,075,495 |
| 7 | 10 | Shanghai | China | Eastern Asia | 633,935 | 1,018,815 |
| 8 | 16 | Moscow | Russia | Eastern Europe | 504,808 | 1,004,849 |
| 9 | 12 | Beijing | China | Eastern Asia | 591,374 | 950,671 |
| 10 | 8 | Osaka–Kobe | Japan | Eastern Asia | 699,474 | 897,418 |
| 11 | 50 | Istanbul | Turkey | Western Asia | 247,312 | 858,706 |
| 12 | 34 | Jakarta | Indonesia | South-eastern Asia | 308,250 | 841,605 |
| 13 | 7 | Chicago | United States | Northern America | 714,697 | 714,697 |
| 14 | 18 | Shenzhen | China | Eastern Asia | 455,694 | 704,486 |
| 15 | 9 | Rhine-Ruhr | Germany | Western Europe | 636,449 | 698,982 |
| 16 | 25 | Guangzhou | China | Eastern Asia | 405,355 | 664,854 |
| 17 | 24 | Chongqing | China | Eastern Asia | 407,562 | 657,985 |
| 18 | 39 | Mumbai | India | Southern Asia | 277,980 | 606,625 |
| 19 | 29 | Singapore | Singapore | South-eastern Asia | 374,394 | 600,063 |
| 20 | 40 | Delhi | India | Southern Asia | 272,603 | 594,884 |
| 21 | 11 | San Francisco | United States | Northern America | 593,629 | 593,629 |
| 22 | 23 | Taipei | Taiwan | Eastern Asia | 407,838 | 585,867 |
| 23 | 43 | São Paulo | Brazil | South America | 261,642 | 583,821 |
| 24 | 13 | Washington, D.C. | United States | Northern America | 578,985 | 578,985 |
| 25 | 46 | Bangkok | Thailand | South-eastern Asia | 252,128 | 559,911 |
| 26 | 47 | Mexico City | Mexico | Northern America | 250,455 | 547,457 |
| 27 | 35 | Suzhou | China | Eastern Asia | 301,510 | 526,904 |
| 28 | 14 | Dallas–Fort Worth | United States | Northern America | 523,854 | 523,854 |
| 29 | 15 | Boston | United States | Northern America | 513,211 | 513,211 |
| 30 | 17 | Houston | United States | Northern America | 489,377 | 489,377 |
| 31 | 44 | Chengdu | China | Eastern Asia | 260,409 | 486,382 |
| 32 | 20 | Toronto | Canada | Northern America | 452,492 | 475,232 |
| 33 | 30 | Hong Kong | Hong Kong | Eastern Asia | 368,633 | 472,395 |
| 34 | 19 | Philadelphia | United States | Northern America | 455,653 | 455,653 |
| 35 | Buenos Aires | Argentina | South America | − | 444,946 | |
| 36 | 21 | Seattle | United States | Northern America | 444,337 | 444,337 |
| 37 | 22 | Atlanta | United States | Northern America | 432,009 | 432,009 |
| 38 | Wuhan | China | Eastern Asia | − | 409,508 | |
| 38 | Manchester | United Kingdom | Northern Europe | − | 407,368 | |
| 40 | Dhaka | Bangladesh | Southern Asia | − | 405,872 | |
| 41 | 32 | Milan | Italy | Southern Europe | 329,529 | 405,516 |
| 41 | 28 | Nagoya | Japan | Eastern Asia | 379,301 | 403,861 |
| 42 | 49 | Hangzhou | China | Eastern Asia | 248,721 | 396,722 |
| 43 | 27 | Miami | United States | Northern America | 388,725 | 388,725 |
| 44 | 37 | Madrid | Spain | Southern Europe | 280,937 | 376,565 |
| 45 | 52 | Tianjin | China | Eastern Asia | 235,664 | 370,885 |
| 46 | Nanjing | China | Eastern Asia | − | 363,228 | |
| 26 | Sydney | Australia | Australia and New Zealand | 398,037 | − | |
| 33 | Melbourne | Australia | Australia and New Zealand | 318,677 | − | |
| 33 | Birmingham | United Kingdom | Northern Europe | − | 314,252 | |
| 33 | San Diego | United States | Northern America | 290,330 | − | |
| 38 | Phoenix | United States | Northern America | 341,841 | − | |
| 41 | Minneapolis-St. Paul | United States | Northern America | 342,373 | − | |
| 42 | Detroit | United States | Northern America | 357,731 | − | |
| 45 | Busan–Gyeongnam Area | South Korea | Eastern Asia | 252,145 | − | |
| 48 | Munich | Germany | Western Europe | 249,764 | − | |
| 51 | Berlin | Germany | Western Europe | 243,160 | − |
List
Each of the columns in the table is sortable by pressing on the arrows at the head of the column:
| Rank | City proper/metropolitan area | Country/region | UNSD sub‑region[4] | Official est. GDP up to date (billion US$) | Brookings[7] 2014 est. PPP-adjusted GDP (billion US$) | Metropolitan population | Official est. GDP per capita |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 129 | Aachen-Liège-Maastricht | Germany Belgium Netherlands | Western Europe | 99.728 | 3,500,000 (2014)[8] metropolitan population for Dutch-Belgian-German region.[9] | 28,493.71 | |
| 300+ | Abbotsford, British Columbia | Canada | North America | 6.141 (2019)[10] | 202,497 (2019)[11] | 30,321.44 | |
| 300+ | Aberdeen | United Kingdom | Northern Europe | 23.0 (2020)[12] | 489,840 (2020)[13] | 46,957.94 | |
| 300+ | Abidjan | Ivory Coast | Africa | 27 (2017)[14] | 5,950,000 (2022)[15] | 4,537.82 | |
| 106 | Abu Dhabi | United Arab Emirates | Western Asia | 119 (2015)[16] | 178.256 | 1,660,000 (2022)[15] | 71,686.75 |
| 191 | Adelaide | Australia | Oceania | 64.461 (2018–19)[17] | 47.433 | 1,380,000 (2022)[15] | 46,710.87 |
| 165 | Ahmedabad | India | South Asia | 68 (2017)[18] | 9,050,000 (2022)[15] | 7,513.81 | |
| 300+ | Alexandria | Egypt | Africa | 32.4 | 6,050,000 (2022)[15] | 5,355.37 | |
| 300+ | Almaty | Kazakhstan | Central Asia | 36 (2010)[19] | 53.099 | 2,250,000 (2022)[15] | 16,000.00 |
| 56 | Amsterdam-Rotterdam | Netherlands | Western Europe | 223.0 (2015)[20] | 320.6 | 5,800,000 (2022)[15] | 38,448.28 |
| 300+ | Anápolis | Brazil | South America | 6.740 (2011)[21] | 391,772 (2020)[22] | 17,203.88 | |
| 171 | Ankara | Turkey | Western Asia | 104.863 | 5,250,000 (2022)[15] | 19,973.90 | |
| 186 | Anshan | China | Eastern Asia | 67.432 | 2,350,000 (2022)[15] | 28,694.47 | |
| 300+ | Arnhem-Nijmegen | Netherlands | Western Europe | 27.9 (2016)[20] | 44.412 | 648,565 (2014)[23][24] | 43,018.05 |
| 139 | Athens | Greece | Southern Europe | 93.7 (2015)[20] | 129.623 | 3,500,000 (2022)[15] | 26,771.43 |
| 159 | Auckland | New Zealand | Oceania | 79.662 (2020)[25] | 49.52 | 1,470,000 (2022)[15] | 54,191.84 |
| 300+ | Ballarat | Australia | Oceania | 4.460 (2018–19)[17] | 109,553 (2020)[26] | 40,710.89 | |
| 286 | Bandung | Indonesia | South-Eastern Asia | 38.3 (2021)[27] | 6,850,000 (2022)[15] | 5,591.24 | |
| 300+ | Batam | Indonesia | South-Eastern Asia | 35.3 | 1,170,000 (2022)[15] | 30,170.94 | |
| 47 | Bangkok | Thailand | South-Eastern Asia | 252.128 (2021)[5] | 306.765 | 19,900,000 (2022)[15] | 12,669.75 |
| 253 | Baotou | China | Eastern Asia | 40.8 (2017)[28] | 94.124 | 2,150,000 (2022)[15] | 18,976.74 |
| 72 | Barcelona | Spain | Southern Europe | 173.315 (2017)[20] | 171.032 | 4,900,000 (2022)[15] | 35,370.41 |
| 300+ | Barrie | Canada | North America | 6.382 (2019)[10] | 214,350 (2019)[11] | 29,764.40 | |
| 217 | Basel-Mulhouse | Switzerland France | Western Europe | 56.166 | 424,287 (2018)[29][30] | 132,377.38 | |
| 12 | Beijing | China | Eastern Asia | 618.648 (2022)[31] | 506.137 | 20,500,000 (2022)[15] | 30,177.95 |
| 300+ | Belfast | United Kingdom | Northern Europe | 25.5 (2015)[20] | 1,115,936 (2020)[32] | 22,850.77 | |
| 300+ | Belgrade | Serbia | Southern Europe | 17.4 (2014)[33] | 1,430,000 (2022)[15] | 12,167.83 | |
| 300+ | Belleville, Ontario | Canada | North America | 3.98 (2019)[10] | 111,180 (2019)[11] | 35,797.81 | |
| 219 | Belo Horizonte | Brazil | South America | 54.996 (2011)[21] | 84.686 | 5,100,000 (2022)[15] | 10,783.53 |
| 300+ | Bendigo | Australia | Oceania | 3.961 (2018–19)[17] | 100,632 (2021)[34] | 39,361.24 | |
| 155 | Bengaluru | India | South Asia | 83 (2021)[35] | 45.313 | 13,200,000 (2022)[15] | 6,287.88 |
| 53 | Berlin | Germany | Western Europe | 243.16 (2021)[5] | 157.706 | 4,750,000 (2022)[15] | 51,191.58 |
| 300+ | Bhopal | India | South Asia | 3.96 (2016–17)[36] | 2,550,000 (2022)[15] | 1,552.94 | |
| 231 | Bielefeld-Detmold | Germany | Western Europe | 50.483 | 665,959 (2020)[37][38] | 75,804.97 | |
| 295 | Bilbao | Spain | Southern Europe | 36.9 (2015)[20] | 38.518 | 1,137,191 (2019)[39] | 32,448.37 |
| 280 | Birmingham | United Kingdom | Northern Europe | 39.1 (2020) | 121.067 | 3,150,000 (2022)[15] | 12,412.70 |
| 87 | Bogotá | Colombia | South America | 159.85 | 10,000,000 (2022)[15] | 15,985.00 | |
| 269 | Bologna | Italy | Southern Europe | 40.6 (2017)[40] | 36.331 | 1,017,196 (2019)[41] | 39,913.64 |
| 193 | Bordeaux | France | Western Europe | 63.2 (2020)[20] | 40.189 | 1,120,000 (2022)[15] | 56,428.57 |
| 300+ | Brantford | Canada | North America | 4.51 (2019)[10] | 149,522 (2019)[11] | 30,162.79 | |
| 190 | Brasília | Brazil | South America | 65.338 (2015)(8th) | 141.916 | 4,100,000 (2022)[15] | 15,936.10 |
| 247 | Braunschweig-Wolfsburg | Germany | Western Europe | 45.543 | 1,150,000 (2012)[42] | 39,602.61 | |
| 300+ | Bremen | Germany | Western Europe | 30.4 (2015)[43] | 47.874 | 1,000,000 (2022)[15] | 30,400.00 |
| 69 | Brisbane | Australia | Oceania | 177 (2018–19)[17] | 96.621 | 2,620,873 (2022)[15] | 67,534.75 |
| 300+ | Bristol | United Kingdom | Northern Europe | 22.3 (2020)[20] | 47.659 | 465,866 (2020)[39] | 47,864.35 |
| 130 | Brussels | Belgium | Western Europe | 99 (2019)[44] | 254.327 | 2,725,000 (2022)[15] | 36,330.28 |
| 141 | Bucharest | Romania | Southern Europe | 63.43 (2021)[45] | 72.426 | 2,200,000 (2022)[15] | 28,831.82 |
| 209 | Budapest | Hungary | Central Europe | 58.5 (2016)[20] | 97.957 | 2,650,000 (2022)[15] | 22,075.47 |
| 151 | Buenos Aires | Argentina | South America | 84.7 (2011)[46] | 315.885 | 16,800,000 (2022)[15] | 18,750.00 |
| 163 | Bursa | Turkey | Western Asia | 80.063 | 2,175,000 (2022)[15] | 36,810.57 | |
| 46 | Busan-Gyeongnam Area | South Korea | Eastern Asia | 252.145 (2021)[5] | 296.51 | 7,038,129 (2022)[15] | 35,825.57 |
| 300+ | Cairns | Australia | Oceania | 10.709 (2018–19)[17] | 153,951 (2019)[47] | 69,561.09 | |
| 126 | Cairo | Egypt | Africa | 102.165 | 21,900,000 (2022)[15] | 4,665.07 | |
| 154 | Calgary | Canada | North America | 83.856 (2019)[10] | 1,514,426 (2019)[11] | 55,374.12 | |
| 271 | Campinas | Brazil | South America | 40.525 (2011)[21] | 59.251 | 3,275,000 (2022)[15] | 12,374.05 |
| 300+ | Campo Grande | Brazil | South America | 9.59 (2013)[48] | 916,001 (2021)19th | 10,469.42 | |
| 300+ | Campos dos Goytacazes | Brazil | South America | 5.358 (2016)[49] | 511,168 (2020)[50] | 10,481.88 | |
| 300+ | Canberra | Australia | Oceania | 30.909 (2018–19)[17] | 431,380 (2020)[51] | 71,651.44 | |
| 300+ | Cape Town | South Africa | Africa | 58.863 | 4,375,000 (2022)[15] | 13,454.40 | |
| 180 | Caracas | Venezuela | South America | 70 (2012)[52] | 51.804 | 3,800,000 (2022)[15] | 18,421.05 |
| 237 | Cardiff-Newport | United Kingdom | Northern Europe | 49.5 (2020)[20] | 36.009 | 1,552,527 (2020)[39] | 31,884.06 |
| 290 | Casablanca | Morocco | Africa | 37.888 | 4,625,000 (2022)[15] | 8,192.00 | |
| 300+ | Chandigarh | India | South Asia | 17.30 (2017)[18] | 2,500,000 (2022)[15] | 6,920.00 | |
| 136 | Changchun | China | Eastern Asia | 96.7 (2017)[28] | 124.455 | 4,375,000 (2022)[15] | 22,102.86 |
| 60 | Changsha | China | Eastern Asia | 189 (2020)[53] | 186.412 | 10,000,000 (2022)[15] | 18,900.00 |
| 132 | Changzhou | China | Eastern Asia | 98.1 (2017)[28] | 110.874 | 12,400,000 (2015)[54] | 7,911.29 |
| 44 | Chengdu | China | Eastern Asia | 260.409 (2021)[5] | 233.525 | 15,200,000 (2022)[15] | 17,132.17 |
| 189 | Chennai | India | South Asia | 66 (2012)[35] | 58.625 | 11,900,000 (2022)[15] | 5,546.22 |
| 265 | Coimbatore | India | South Asia | 42 (2021) | 2,850,000 (2022)[15] | 14,736.84 | |
| 300+ | Chittagong | Bangladesh | South Asia | 25.5 (2019)[55] | 5,100,000 (2022)[15] | 5,000.00 | |
| 27 | Chongqing | China | Eastern Asia | 407.562 (2021)[5] | 315.581 | 10,100,000 (2022)[15] | 40,352.67 |
| 300+ | Cocos (Keeling) Islands | Cocos (Keeling) Islands | South-Eastern Asia | 0.01101255 (2010)[56] | 544 (2016)[57] | 20,243.66 | |
| 99 | Copenhagen | Denmark | Northern Europe | 134.4 (2017)[58] | 127.001[Note 1] | 1,750,000 (2022)[15] | 76,800.00 |
| 300+ | Cork | Ireland | Northern Europe | 24.0 (2015) | 305,222 (2017)[59] | 78,631.29 | |
| 300+ | Coventry | United Kingdom | Northern Europe | 13.9 (2020)[60][61] | 379,387 (2020)[62] | 36,675.46 | |
| 212 | Curitiba | Brazil | South America | 58.082 (2011)[21] | 57.654 | 3,500,000 (2022)[15] | 16,594.86 |
| 221 | Daegu | South Korea | Eastern Asia | 54.456 | 2,750,000 (2022)[15] | 19,802.18 | |
| 278 | Daejeon | South Korea | Eastern Asia | 39.614 | 1,540,000 (2022)[15] | 25,723.38 | |
| 117 | Dalian | China | Eastern Asia | 109.1 (2017)[28] | 198.805 | 5,050,000 (2022)[15] | 21,603.96 |
| 300+ | Dar es Salaam | Tanzania | Africa | 10.4 (2019)[63] | 6,750,000 (2022)[15] | 1,540.74 | |
| 277 | Daqing | China | Eastern Asia | 39.7 (2017)[28] | 98.451 | 1,820,000 (2022)[15] | 21,813.19 |
| 104 | Delhi | India | South Asia | 370 (2021)[5] | 293.637 | 32,400,000 (2022)[15] | 8,413.67 |
| 86 | Dhaka | Bangladesh | South Asia | 160 (2020)[64] | 20,900,000 (2022)[15] | 7,655.50 | |
| 114 | Dongguan | China | Eastern Asia | 112.3 (2017)[28] | 141.129 | 10,486,625 (2020)[65] | 10,708.88 |
| 199 | Dongying | China | Eastern Asia | 61.89 (2018)[28] | 83.667 | 2,193,518 (2020)[66][67] | 28,214.95 |
| 124 | Dubai | United Arab Emirates | Western Asia | 102.67 (2018)[68] | 82.867 | 4,264,316 (2022)[15] | 24,076.55 |
| 104 | Dublin | Ireland | Northern Europe | 118.72 (2019)[69] | 90.137 | 1,420,000 (2022)[15] | 83,605.63 |
| 241 | Durban | South Africa | Africa | 48.908 | 3,525,000 (2022)[15] | 13,874.61 | |
| 218 | East Rand | South Africa | Africa | 55.337 | 3,178,470 | 17,409.95 | |
| 300+ | Edinburgh | United Kingdom | Northern Europe | 32.9 (2020)[20] | 32.497 | 527,620 (2020)[70] | 62,357.85 |
| 183 | Edmonton | Canada | North America | 69.015 (2019)[10] | 1,442,835 (2019)[11] | 47,829.45 | |
| 144 | Eindhoven-Den Bosch | Netherlands | Western Europe | 91.539 | 1,944,588 (2015)[71] | 47,073.72 | |
| 261 | Faisalabad | Pakistan | South Asia | 43 (2013)[72] | 43 | 3,850,000 (2022)[15] | 11,168.83 |
| 274 | Florence | Italy | Southern Europe | 40.1 (2015)[20] | 52.536 | 383,083 (2016)[73] | 104,677.05 |
| 300+ | Fortaleza | Brazil | South America | 21.7 (2012)[74] | 35.153 | 3,750,000 (2022)[15] | 5,786.67 |
| 90 | Foshan | China | Eastern Asia | 141.4 (2017)[28] | 184.543 | 9,498,863 (2020)[75] | 14,885.99 |
| 55 | Frankfurt | Germany | Western Europe | 229.985 | 3,275,000 (2022)[15] | 70,224.43 | |
| 68 | Fukuoka–Kitakyushu | Japan | Eastern Asia | 185 (2013)[76] | 193.34 | 4,765,000 (2022)[15] | 38,824.76 |
| 108 | Fuzhou | China | Eastern Asia | 118.683 (2018)[77] | 117.441 | 4,450,000 (2022)[15] | 26,670.34 |
| 300+ | Geelong | Australia | Oceania | 8.725 (2018–19)[17] | 268,984 (2021)[78][79] | 32,436.87 | |
| 254 | Geneva | Switzerland | Western Europe | 43.98 | 201,818 (2018)[80] | 217,919.12 | |
| 288 | George Town | Malaysia | South-Eastern Asia | 37.993 | 2,050,000 (2022)[15] | 18,533.17 | |
| 300+ | Gibraltar | Gibraltar | Southern Europe | 3.265 (2022)[81][82] | 34,003 (2020)[83] | 96,020.94 | |
| 300+ | Gladstone | Australia | Oceania | 4.464 (2018–19)[17] | 45,130 (2018)[84] | 98,914.25 | |
| 185 | Glasgow | United Kingdom | Northern Europe | 67.7 (2020)[20] | 56.747 | 1,690,000 (2022)[15] | 40,059.17 |
| 153 | Gothenburg | Sweden | Northern Europe | 84.4 (2016)[20] | 40.009 | 1,051,345 (2020)[85] | 80,278.12 |
| 300+ | Gold Coast | Australia | Oceania | 26.669 (2018–19)[17] | 679,127 (2018)[86] | 39,269.53 | |
| 300+ | Goiânia | Brazil | South America | 22.763 (2011)[21] | 2,500,000 (2022)[15] | 9,105.20 | |
| 162 | Guadalajara | Mexico | North America | 80.656 | 5,650,000 (2022)[15] | 14,275.40 | |
| 28 | Guangzhou | China | Eastern Asia | 405.355 (2021)[5] | 380.264 | 24,767,452 (2022)[15] | 16,366.44 |
| 300+ | Guelph | Canada | North America | 7.916 (2019)[10] | 165,125 (2019)[11] | 47,963.66 | |
| 300+ | Gujranwala | Pakistan | South Asia | 15.681 (2016)[87] | 21.48 | 2,975,000 (2022)[15] | 5,270.97 |
| 299 | Gwangju | South Korea | Eastern Asia | 36.66 | 1,630,000 (2022)[15] | 22,490.80 | |
| 272 | Haifa | Israel | Western Asia | 40.4 | 1,050,000 (2019)[88] | 38,476.19 | |
| 300+ | Halifax, Nova Scotia | Canada | North America | 18.163 (2019)[10] | 439,835 (2019)[11] | 41,288.21 | |
| 222 | Hamamatsu | Japan | Eastern Asia | 54.3 (2010)[89][90] | 52.269 | 1,310,000 (2022)[15] | 41,450.38 |
| 97 | Hamburg | Germany | Western Europe | 138.04 (2018)[91] | 161.437 | 2,875,000 (2022)[15] | 48,013.91 |
| 300+ | Hamilton, Ontario | Canada | North America | 28.322 (2019)[10] | 795,410 (2019)[11] | 35,604.28 | |
| 51 | Hangzhou | China | Eastern Asia | 248.721 (2021)[5] | 219.509 | 12,500,000 (2022)[15] | 19,897.68 |
| 227 | Hannover | Germany | Western Europe | 51.5 (2015)[43] | 59.629 | 1,140,000 (2022)[15] | 45,175.44 |
| 263 | Hanoi | Vietnam | South-Eastern Asia | 42.04 (2019)[92] | 4,125,000 (2022)[15] | 10,191.52 | |
| 137 | Harbin | China | Eastern Asia | 94.1 (2017)[28] | 127.918 | 5,300,000 (2022)[15] | 17,754.72 |
| 95 | Hefei | China | Eastern Asia | 141.135 (2019)[28] | 120.875 | 7,150,000 (2022)[15] | 19,739.16 |
| 145 | Helsinki | Finland | Northern Europe | 90.8 (2015)[20] | 77.084 | 1,500,000 (2022)[15] | 60,533.33 |
| 201 | Hiroshima | Japan | Eastern Asia | 61.3 (2010)[93][90] | 74.932 | 1,870,000 (2022)[15] | 32,780.75 |
| 300+ | Hobart | Australia | Oceania | 11.388 (2018–19)[17] | 232,670 (2020)[94] | 48,944.86 | |
| 125 | Ho Chi Minh City | Vietnam | South-Eastern Asia | 61.7 (2019)[95] | 71.005 | 10,900,000 (2022)[15] | 5,660.55 |
| 30 | Hong Kong | Hong Kong | Eastern Asia | 382.854 (2023)[96] | 416.047 | 7,302,000(2023)[96] | 52,429.49 |
| 285 | Hsinchu | Taiwan | Eastern Asia | 38.379 | 448,207 (2020)[97] | 85,627.85 | |
| 236 | Huhehaote | China | Eastern Asia | 49.62 (2015)[98] | 70.074 | 2,475,000 (2022)[15] | 20,048.48 |
| 300+ | Hyderabad | India | South Asia | 74 (2016)[99] | 40.186 | 10,700,000 (2022)[15] | 6,915.89 |
| 300+ | Indore | India | South Asia | 6.294(2016–17)[36] | [18] | 3,400,000 (2022)[15] | 1,851.18 |
| 52 | Istanbul | Turkey | Western Asia | 247.312 (2021)[5] | 348.721 | 16,500,000 (2022)[15] | 14,988.61 |
| 164 | Izmir | Turkey | Western Asia | 80.061 | 3,075,000 (2022)[15] | 26,036.10 | |
| 275 | Jaipur | India | South Asia | 40.0 (2020–21)[100] | [18] | 4,175,000 (2022)[15] | 9,580.84 |
| 36 | Jakarta | Indonesia | South-Eastern Asia | 308.25 (2021)[5] | 321.315 | 26,704,514 (2022)[15] | 11,542.99 |
| 84 | Jeddah-Mecca | Saudi Arabia | Western Asia | 160.617 | 7,550,000 (2022)[15] | 21,273.77 | |
| 244 | Jerusalem | Israel | Western Asia | 48.0 (2015)[101] | 1,030,000 (2022)[15] | 46,601.94 | |
| 100 | Jinan | China | Eastern Asia | 132.933 (2018)[28] | 136.811 | 6,200,000 (2022)[15] | 21,440.81 |
| 170 | Johannesburg | South Africa | Africa | 76 (2014)[102] | 82.918 | 8,400,042 (2022)[15] | 9,047.57 |
| 300+ | Jundiaí | Brazil | South America | 20.081 (2011)[21] | 423,006 (2020)[103] | 47,472.14 | |
| 300+ | Kabul | Afghanistan | South Asia | 6 | 4,625,000 (2022)[15] | 1,297.30 | |
| 300+ | Kagoshima | Japan | Eastern Asia | 34.318 | 1,126,639 (2015)[104] | 30,460.51 | |
| 113 | Kaohsiung | Taiwan | Eastern Asia | 113.647 | 2,775,000 (2022)[15] | 40,953.87 | |
| 243 | Karachi | Pakistan | South Asia | 48.077 (2011)[105] | 164 | 14,910,352 (2022)[15] | 3,224.48 |
| 292 | Karlsruhe | Germany | Western Europe | 37.6 (2015)[20] | 137.071 | 308,436 (2020)[106] | 121,905.35 |
| 250 | Katowice | Poland | Central Europe | 37.9 (2015)[20] | 122.321 | 2,300,000 (2022)[15] | 16,478.26 |
| 300+ | Kaunas | Lithuania | Northern Europe | 12.3 (2021)[107] | 381,007 (2020)[108] | 32,300.00 | |
| 300+ | Kelowna | Canada | North America | 8.224 (2019)[10] | 218,600 (2019)[11] | 37,602.93 | |
| 300+ | Kyiv | Ukraine | Eastern Europe | 27.5 (2020)[109] | 3,500,000 (2022)[15] | 7,857.00 | |
| 300+ | Kingston, Ontario | Canada | North America | 7.092 (2019)[10] | 174,723 (2019)[11] | 40,578.52 | |
| 300+ | Kitchener, Ontario | Canada | North America | 25.277 (2019)[10] | 581,607 (2019)[11] | 43,465.78 | |
| 300+ | Klaipėda | Lithuania | Northern Europe | 6.3 (2021)[110] | 210,000 (2021)[111] | 30,300.00 | |
| 204 | Kolkata | India | South Asia | 60.447 | 17,200,000 (2022)[15] | 3,514.36 | |
| 300+ | Krakow | Poland | Central Europe | 22.0 (2015)[20] | 33.116 | 1,725,894 (2020) | 12,747.02 |
| 207 | Kuala Lumpur | Malaysia | South-Eastern Asia | 59.831 (2019)[77] | 171.778 | 9,100,000 (2022)[15] | 6,574.84 |
| 276 | Kumamoto | Japan | Eastern Asia | 39.8 (2010)[89][112] | 41.824 | 1,150,000 (2022)[15] | 34,608.70 |
| 176 | Kunming | China | Eastern Asia | 72.0 (2017)[28] | 88.631 | 6,000,000 (2022)[15] | 12,000.00 |
| 78 | Kuwait City | Kuwait | Western Asia | 166.452 | 4,325,000 (2022)[15] | 38,486.01 | |
| 172 | Lagos | Nigeria | Africa | 74.67 (2010)[113] | 20,700,000 (2022)[15] | 3,607.25 | |
| 211 | Lahore | Pakistan | South Asia | 58.14 (2015)[114] | 84 | 13,900,000 (2022)[15] | 4,182.73 |
| 300+ | Launceston | Australia | Oceania | 3.961 (2018–19)[17] | 110,500 (2021)[115] | 35,846.15 | |
| 293 | Leeds | United Kingdom | Northern Europe | 37.1 (2020)[60][61] | 74.577 | 2,175,000 (2022)[15] | 17,057.47 |
| 300+ | Leipzig-Halle | Germany | Western Europe | 33.4 (2015)[20] | 39.592 | 1,049,342 (2020)[85] | 31,829.47 |
| 300+ | Lethbridge | Canada | North America | 5.082 (2019)[10] | 126,927 (2019)[11] | 40,023.01 | |
| 146 | Lille | France | Western Europe | 90.1 (2020)[20] | 98.484 | 1,310,000 (2022)[15] | 68,778.63 |
| 300+ | Lima | Peru | South America | 176.447 | 11,400,000 (2022)[15] | 15,477.81 | |
| 289 | Linz | Austria | Central Europe | 37.9 (2015)[20] | 44.551 | 271,234 (2018)[116] | 139,731.74 |
| 116 | Lisbon | Portugal | Southern Europe | 110.0 (2015)[20] | 125.282 | 2,975,000 (2022)[15] | 44,444.44 |
| 240 | Liverpool | United Kingdom | Northern Europe | 49.3 (2020)[60][61] | 65.766 | 1,880,000 (2022)[15] | 26,223.40 |
| 4 | London | United Kingdom | Northern Europe | 978.402 (2021)[5] | 835.658 | 14,800,000 (2022)[15] | 66,108.24 |
| 300+ | London, Ontario | Canada | North America | 21.669 (2019)[10] | 542,155 (2019)[11] | 39,970.12 | |
| 300+ | Lucknow | India | South Asia | 7.68 (2019–20)[117] | 3,900,000 (2022)[15] | 1,969.23 | |
| 181 | Luxembourg City-Trier | Luxembourg Germany | Western Europe | 69.453 (2019)[118] | 62.464 | 239,186 (2022)[119] | 290,372.35 |
| 127 | Lyon | France | Western Europe | 101.6 (2020)[20] | 97.006 | 2,000,000 (2022)[15] | 50,800.00 |
| 300+ | Macau | Macau | Eastern Asia | 35.841 (2023)[96] | 53.888 | 709,000 (2023)[96] | 50,571.92 |
| 300+ | Mackay | Australia | Oceania | 6.540 (2018–19)[17] | 80,148 (2018)[120] | 81,599.04 | |
| 40 | Madrid | Spain | Southern Europe | 280.937 (2021)[5] | 262.335 | 6,800,000 (2022)[15] | 41,314.26 |
| 291 | Makassar | Indonesia | South-Eastern Asia | 37.7 | 1,760,000 (2022)[15] | 21,420.45 | |
| 300+ | Manaus | Brazil | South America | 30.375 (2014)[121] | 2,275,000 (2022)[15] | 13,351.65 | |
| 123 | Manchester | United Kingdom | Northern Europe | 105.9 (2020)[122] | 92.26 | 3,100,000 (2022)[15] | 34,161.29 |
| 63 | Manila | Philippines | South-Eastern Asia | 192.6 (2018) | 182.842 | 26,400,000 (2022)[15] | 7,295.45 |
| 112 | Marseille | France | Western Europe | 114.1 (2020)[20] | 60.282 | 1,690,000 (2022)[15] | 67,514.79 |
| 255 | Medellín | Colombia | South America | 43.462 | 4,150,000 (2022)[15] | 10,472.77 | |
| 223 | Medan | Indonesia | South-Eastern Asia | 52.4 (2019)[123] | 4,075,000 (2022)[15] | 12,858.90 | |
| 34 | Melbourne | Australia | Oceania | 318.677 (2021)[5] | 178.392 | 5,150,000 (2022)[15] | 61,879.03 |
| 48 | Mexico City | Mexico | North America | 250.455 (2021)[5] | 403.561 | 24,700,000 (2022)[15] | 10,139.88 |
| 33 | Milan | Italy | Southern Europe | 329.529 (2021)[5] | 312.108 | 3,149,223 (2022)[15] | 53,581.95 |
| 300+ | Minsk | Belarus | Eastern Europe | 22 (2021)[124] | 2,000,000 (2022)[15] | 11,000.00 | |
| 300+ | Monaco | Monaco | Western Europe | 6.816 (2020)[125] | 39,150 (2021)[126] | 174,099.62 | |
| 300+ | Moncton | Canada | North America | 6.142 (2019)[10] | 155,891 (2019)[11] | 39,386.49 | |
| 96 | Monterrey | Mexico | North America | 140 (2015)[127] | 122.896 | 5,750,000 (2022)[15] | 24,347.83 |
| 235 | Montevideo | Uruguay | South America | 49.7 (2020)[128] | 1,870,000 (2022)[15] | 26,577.54 | |
| 70 | Montreal | Canada | North America | 176.362 (2019)[10] | 4,334,308 (2019)[11] | 40,689.31 | |
| 18 | Moscow | Russia | Eastern Europe | 504.808 (2021)[5] | 553.318 | 17,400,000 (2022)[15] | 29,011.95 |
| 300+ | Multan | Pakistan | South Asia | 17.425 | 2,225,000 (2022)[15] | 7,831.46 | |
| 41 | Mumbai | India | South Asia | 277.98 (2021)[5] | 400[129][130] | 26,100,000 (2022)[15] | 10,650.57 |
| 50 | Munich | Germany | Western Europe | 249.764 (2021)[5] | 219.943 | 2,275,000 (2022)[15] | 109,786.37 |
| 31 | Nagoya | Japan | Eastern Asia | 379.301 (2021)[5] | 363.751 | 10,500,000 (2022)[15] | 36,123.90 |
| 300+ | Nagpur | India | South Asia | 18.4 (2019–20)[131] | [18] | 3,375,000 (2022)[15] | 5,451.85 |
| 300+ | Nairobi | Kenya | Africa | 14.8 (2019)[132] | 6,300,000 (2022)[15] | 2,349.21 | |
| 173 | Nanchang | China | Eastern Asia | 74.1 (2017)[28] | 95.99 | 4,625,000 (2022)[15] | 16,021.62 |
| 49 | Nanjing | China | Eastern Asia | 214.7 (2020) | 202.695 | 8,850,000 (2022)[15] | 24,259.89 |
| 204 | Nanning | China | Eastern Asia | 61.0 (2017)[28] | 70.276 | 4,850,000 (2022)[15] | 12,577.32 |
| 213 | Nantes | France | Western Europe | 57.806 (2020)[20] | 32.014 | 1,461,267 (2021)[85] | 39,558.82 |
| 101 | Nantong | China | Eastern Asia | 126.405 (2018)[28] | 128.3 | 3,125,000 (2022)[15] | 40,449.60 |
| 197 | Naples | Italy | Southern Europe | 62.8 (2015)[20] | 85.476 | 2,180,348 (2022)[15] | 15,224.24 |
| 300+ | Newcastle | Australia | Oceania | 11.554 (2018–19)[17] | 322,278 (2016)[133] | 35,851.04 | |
| 267 | Nice | France | Western Europe | 41.4 (2020)[20] | 45.984 | 1,101,039 (2021)[39] | 37,602.18 |
| 298 | Amiens | France | Western Europe | 17.3 (2020)[20] | 567,745 (2021)[134] | 30,457.75 | |
| 260 | Niigata | Japan | Eastern Asia | 43.3 (2010)[135][112] | 50.271 | 1,395,612 (2015)[104] | 31,025.82 |
| 92 | Ningbo | China | Eastern Asia | 191.68 (2020)[136] | 178.985 | 6,850,000 (2022)[15] | 27,982.48 |
| 79 | Nürnberg-Fürth | Germany | Western Europe | 164.6 (2014)[137] | 74.508 | 1,443,000 (2006)[138] | 114,067.91 |
| 195 | Okayama | Japan | Eastern Asia | 63.1 (2010)[89][112] | 56.799 | 2,175,000 (2022)[15] | 29,011.49 |
| 300+ | Orange | Australia | Oceania | 3.204 (2018–19)[17] | 40,493 (2018)[86] | 79,124.79 | |
| 8 | Osaka–Kobe | Japan | Eastern Asia | 699.474 (2021)[5] | 671.295[Note 2] | 17,700,000 (2022)[15] | 39,518.31 |
| 300+ | Oshawa | Canada | North America | 10.594 (2019)[10] | 414,531 (2019)[11] | 25,546.94 | |
| 177 | Oslo | Norway | Northern Europe | 71.68 (2016)[139] | 74.356 | 1,220,000 (2022)[15] | 58,754.10 |
| 188 | Ottawa | Canada | North America | 66.826 (2019)[10] | 1,438,015 (2019)[11] | 46,473.79 | |
| 300+ | Palembang | Indonesia | South-Eastern Asia | 16.6(2021)[140] | 1,720,000 (2022)[15] | 9,651.16 | |
| 5 | Paris | France | Western Europe | 934.168 (2021)[5] | 855.65 | 11,400,000 (2022)[15] | 81,944.56 |
| 300+ | Patna | India | South Asia | 12.635 (2011–12)[141] | 2,800,000 (2022)[15] | 4,512.50 | |
| 114 | Perth | Australia | Oceania | 111.056 (2018–19)[17] | 134.021 | 2,125,000 (2022)[15] | 52,261.65 |
| 300+ | Peterborough, Ontario | Canada | North America | 3.891 (2019)[10] | 130,993 (2019)[11] | 29,696.24 | |
| 300+ | Porto | Portugal | Southern Europe | 31.3 (2015)[20] | 42.983 | 1,550,000 (2022)[15] | 20,193.55 |
| 248 | Porto Alegre | Brazil | South America | 45.506 (2011)[21] | 62.136 | 4,175,000 (2022)[15] | 10,899.64 |
| 192 | Prague | Czech Republic | Central Europe | 64 (2018)[142] | 89.181 | 1,470,000 (2022)[15] | 43,537.41 |
| 234 | Pretoria | South Africa | Africa | 49.948 | 2,921,488 (2011)[143] | 17,096.77 | |
| 300+ | Puebla | Mexico | North America | 31.102 (2019)[144] | 38.123 | 4,100,000 (2022)[15] | 7,585.85 |
| 143 | Pune | India | South Asia | 92 (2021)[18] | 7,350,000 (2022)[15] | 9,387.76 | |
| 80 | Qingdao | China | Eastern Asia | 163.5 (2017)[28] | 208.691 | 7,050,000 (2022)[15] | 23,191.49 |
| 300 | Quebec City | Canada | North America | 36.587 (2019)[10] | 825,234 (2019)[11] | 44,338.94 | |
| 300+ | Recife | Brazil | South America | 22.81 (2014)[145] | 40.483 | 3,875,000 (2022)[15] | 5,886.45 |
| 300+ | Regina, Saskatchewan | Canada | North America | 13.913 (2019)[10] | 260,914 (2019)[11] | 53,312.59 | |
| 11 | Rhine-Ruhr | Germany | Western Europe | 636.449 (2021)[5] | 485.218 | 12,190,000 (2015)[146] | 52,210.75 |
| 300+ | Riga | Latvia | Northern Europe | 21.3 (2019)[147] | 870,000 (2020)[148] | 24,482.76 | |
| 59 | Rio de Janeiro | Brazil | South America | 209.366 (2011)[21] | 176.63 | 13,300,000 (2022)[15] | 15,741.80 |
| 81 | Riyadh | Saudi Arabia | Western Asia | 163.476 | 8,800,000 (2022)[15] | 18,576.82 | |
| 300+ | Rockhampton | Australia | Oceania | 5.342 (2018–19)[17] | 78,592 (2018)[149] | 67,971.29 | |
| 77 | Rome | Italy | Southern Europe | 166.8 (2015)[20] | 163.243 | 4,297,877 (2022)[15] | 48,347.83 |
| 266 | Saarbrücken | Germany | Western Europe | 41.684 | 1,102,000 (2006)[138] | 37,825.77 | |
| 300+ | Saguenay, Quebec | Canada | North America | 6.304 (2019)[10] | 162,591 (2019)[11] | 38,747.53 | |
| 300+ | St. Catharines–Niagara Falls | Canada | North America | 13.018 (2019)[10] | 433,955 (2019)[11] | 30,003.11 | |
| 300+ | Saint John, New Brunswick | Canada | North America | 4.915 (2019)[10] | 131,089 (2019)[11] | 37,455.47 | |
| 300+ | St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador | Canada | North America | 10.003 (2019)[10] | 213,113 (2019)[11] | 46,923.46 | |
| 160 | Saint Petersburg | Russia | Northern Europe | 81.1 (2020)[150] | 119.613 | 5,600,000 (2022)[15] | 14,482.14 |
| 300+ | Salvador | Brazil | South America | 17.98 (2016)[151][152] | 38.469 | 3,650,000 (2022)[15] | 4,926.03 |
| 262 | San Juan | Puerto Rico | Caribbean | 42.729 | 1,990,000 (2022)[15] | 21,471.86 | |
| 300+ | San Marino | San Marino | Southern Europe | 1.807 (2023)[96] | 34,000 (2023)[96] | 52,949.65 | |
| 166 | Santiago | Chile | South America | 171.436 | 8,000,000 (2022)[15] | 21,429.50 | |
| 300+ | Santos | Brazil | South America | 28.609 (2011)[21] | 1,770,000 (2022)[15] | 16,163.28 | |
| 300+ | São José dos Campos | Brazil | South America | 30.148 (2011)[21] | 2,528,354 (2020)[153] | 11,923.96 | |
| 300+ | São José dos Pinhais | Brazil | South America | 14.726 (2011)[21] | 329,058 (2020)[154] | 44,751.99 | |
| 43 | São Paulo | Brazil | South America | 261.642 (2021)[5] | 430.51 | 22,700,000 (2022)[15] | 11,526.08 |
| 152 | Sapporo | Japan | Eastern Asia | 84.7 (2010)[89][112] | 80.464 | 2,500,000 (2022)[15] | 33,880.00 |
| 300+ | Saskatoon | Canada | North America | 15.595 (2019)[10] | 330,413 (2019)[11] | 47,183.37 | |
| 268 | Semarang | Indonesia | South-Eastern Asia | 41.1 | 2,075,000 (2022)[15] | 19,807.23 | |
| 200 | Sendai | Japan | Eastern Asia | 61.7 (2010)[89][90] | 75.317 | 1,510,000 (2022)[15] | 40,860.93 |
| 6 | Seoul | South Korea | Eastern Asia | 926.79 (2021)[5] | 845.906 | 24,800,000 (2022)[15] | 37,370.56 |
| 252 | Seville | Spain | Southern Europe | 44.665 (2018)[20] | 35.796 | 1,300,000 (2022)[15] | 34,357.69 |
| 10 | Shanghai | China | Eastern Asia | 663.874 (2022)[155] | 594.005 | 24,890,116 (2022)[15] | 26,672.19 |
| 300+ | Shantou | China | Eastern Asia | 34.8 (2017)[156] | 38.73 | 7,950,000 (2022)[15] | 4,377.36 |
| 300+ | Sharjah | United Arab Emirates | Western Asia | 26.502 (2015)[157] | 1,785,684 (2022)[158] | 14,841.37 | |
| 270 | Sheffield | United Kingdom | Northern Europe | 40.6 (2020)[60][61] | 39.796 | 1,570,000 (2022)[15] | 25,859.87 |
| 138 | Shenyang | China | Eastern Asia | 93.9 (2019)[159] | 189.304 | 8,400,000 (2022)[15] | 11,178.57 |
| 22 | Shenzhen | China | Eastern Asia | 455.694 (2021)[5] | 363.228 | 15,929,000 (2020)[160] | 28,607.82 |
| 300+ | Sherbrooke | Canada | North America | 7.357 (2019)[10] | 221,325 (2019)[11] | 33,254.26 | |
| 158 | Shijiazhuang | China | Eastern Asia | 81.252 (2018)[156] | 130.538 | 5,750,000 (2022)[15] | 14,130.78 |
| 300+ | Sunshine Coast | Australia | Oceania | 13.813 (2018–19)[17] | 333,436 (2018)[161] | 41,426.24 | |
| 208 | Surat | India | South Asia | 59.8 (2017)[18] | 7,150,000 (2022)[15] | 8,363.64 | |
| 246 | Shizuoka | Japan | Eastern Asia | 45.8 (2010)[89][112] | 58.418 | 1,130,000 (2022)[15] | 40,530.97 |
| 17 | Singapore | Singapore | South-Eastern Asia | 515.548 (2023)[96] | 365.928 | 5,659,000 (2023)[96] | 91,100.37 |
| 300+ | Sofia | Bulgaria | Southern Europe | 22.4 (2018)[162][163] | 43.838 | 1,450,000 (2022)[15] | 15,448.28 |
| 300+ | Sorocaba | Brazil | South America | 21.313 (2011)[21] | 1,898,000 (2020)[164] | 11,229.19 | |
| 74 | Stockholm | Sweden | Northern Europe | 170 (2018)[165] | 142.953 | 2,200,000 (2022)[15] | 77,272.73 |
| 255 | Strasbourg | France | Western Europe | 43.7 (2020) | 37.282 | 1,150,899 (2021)[166] | 37,966.99 |
| 71 | Stuttgart | Germany | Western Europe | 173.5 (2016)[20] | 157.787 | 2,400,000 (2022)[15] | 72,291.67 |
| 300+ | Greater Sudbury | Canada | North America | 7.644 (2019)[10] | 171,968 (2019)[11] | 44,426.87 | |
| 147 | Surabaya | Indonesia | South-Eastern Asia | 88.8(2021)[167] | 5,850,000 (2022)[15] | 15,179.49 | |
| 32 | Suzhou | China | Eastern Asia | 301.51 (2021)[5] | 339.028 | 12,748,252 (2020) | 23,651.09 |
| 29 | Sydney | Australia | Oceania | 398.037 (2021)[5] | 223.413 | 5,450,000 (2022)[15] | 73,034.31 |
| 111 | Taichung | Taiwan | Eastern Asia | 114.701 | 2,450,000 (2022)[15] | 46,816.73 | |
| 169 | Tainan | Taiwan | Eastern Asia | 76.702 | 1,310,000 (2022)[15] | 58,551.15 |