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Kofi Abrefa Busia

Kofi Abrefa Busia (born 11 July 1913 – 28 August 1978)[1] was a Ghanaian political leader and academic who was Prime Minister of Ghana from 1969 to 1972. As a nationalist leader and prime minister, he helped to restore civilian government to the country following military rule.[2]

Kofi Abrefa Busia
2nd Prime Minister of Ghana
In office
1 October 1969 – 13 January 1972
President
Brigadier Akwasi Afrifa
3 April 1969 – 7 August 1970
Nii Amaa Ollennu
7–31 August 1970
Edward Akufo-Addo
31 August 1970 – 13 January 1972
Preceded by
Kwame Nkrumah
as Prime Minister
Succeeded by
None
(position abolished)
Member of Parliament for Wenchi
In office
1 October 1969 – 13 January 1972
Preceded byCharles Ebenezer Donkoh
Personal details
Born(1913-07-11)11 July 1913
Wenchi, Gold Coast
Died28 August 1978(1978-08-28) (aged 65)
Oxford, England
Political partyProgress Party
SpouseNaa Morkor
Children8, Abena, Akosua Busia and Kofi Busia
EducationMethodist School, Wenchi; Mfantsipim School, Cape Coast; Wesley College, Kumasi; Achimota College
Alma materUniversity of London; University College, Oxford; Nuffield College, Oxford
ProfessionAcademic
Elected following military rule and overthrown by military regime.

Early life and education

Busia was born a Bono prince in the traditional kingdom of Wenchi, in the Brong Ahafo Region, one of the four Gold Coast Territories, then under British rule and now called Ghana.[3]

He was educated at Methodist School, Wenchi, Mfantsipim School, Cape Coast, then at Wesley College, Kumasi, from 1931 to 1932. He taught at Wesley College and left to study at Achimota College in 1935 and taught there. He gained his first degree with Honours in Medieval and Modern History from the University of London, through correspondence during this period. He then went on to study at University College, Oxford,[4] where he was the college's first African student. He returned to the Gold Coast in 1942.[5] He took a BA (Hons) in Philosophy, Politics, and Economics (1941, MA 1946) and a DPhil in Social Anthropology in 1947 at Nuffield College, Oxford, with a thesis entitled "The position of the chief in the modern political system of Ashanti: a study of the influence of contemporary social changes on Ashanti political institutions". He was a Fulbright scholar in 1954.[6]

Career

Busia served as a district commissioner from 1942 to 1949, and was appointed first lecturer in African Studies. He became the first African to occupy a chair at the University College of the Gold Coast (now the University of Ghana). In 1951 he was elected by the Ashanti Confederacy to the Legislative Council. In 1952, he was Leader of Ghana Congress Party,[7] which later merged with the other opposition parties to form the United Party (UP).

As leader of the opposition against Kwame Nkrumah, he fled the country on the grounds that his life was under threat. In 1959, Busia became a Professor of Sociology and Culture of Africa at the University of Leiden near the Hague, Netherlands. From 1962 until 1969, he was a Fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford.

He returned to Ghana in March 1966, after Nkrumah's government was overthrown by the military, to serve on the National Liberation Council (NLC) of General Joseph Ankrah, the military head of state;[2] and was appointed as the Chairman of the National Advisory Committee of the NLC. In 1967/68, Busia served as the Chairman of the Centre for Civic Education. He used this opportunity to promote himself as the next leader. He also was a Member of the Constitutional Review Committee. When the NLC lifted the ban on politics, Busia, together with Lawyer Sylvester Kofi Williams and friends in the defunct UP formed the Progress Party (PP).[7]

In 1969, the PP won the parliamentary elections with 105 of the 140 seats. This paved the way for him to become the next Prime Minister. Busia continued with NLC's anti-Nkrumaist stance and adopted a liberalised economic system. There was a mass deportation of half a million Nigerian citizens from Ghana, and a 44 percent devaluation of the cedi in 1971, which met with a lot of resistance from the public.

While he was in Britain for a medical check-up, the army under Colonel Ignatius Kutu Acheampong overthrew his government on 13 January 1972. Busia remained in exile in England and returned to Oxford University, where he died from a heart attack in August 1978.[5]

Busia's name is associated with Ghana's political right, along with J. B. Danquah and S. D. Dombo. The New Patriotic Party has claimed the Danquah-Busia-Dombo mantle in the Fourth Republic.

Bibliography

  • The Position of the Chief in the Modern Political System of Ashanti. London, 1951 (orig. dissertation, Oxford)
  • The Sociology and Culture of Africa. Leiden, 1960[8]
  • The Challenge of Africa. New York, 1962
  • Purposeful Education for Africa. The Hague, 1964
  • Urban Churches in Britain. London, 1966
  • Africa in Search of Democracy. London, 1967

References

  1. ^ "August 28, 1978: Prime Minister of 2nd Republic Dr. Kofi Abrefa Busia Dies in London". Edward A. Ulzen Memorial Foundation. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  2. ^ a b Martin, G. (23 December 2012). . Springer. ISBN 9781137062055. Archived from the original on 11 June 2020.
  3. ^ "Dr Kofi Abrefa Busia, Ex-Prime Minister: 1969 – 1972". ghanaweb.com. from the original on 6 October 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
  4. ^ "Dr. K. A. Busia". University College Record. Vol. VII, no. 5. 1979. pp. 283–286.
  5. ^ a b Lentz, Harris M. (4 February 2014). Heads of States and Governments Since 1945. Routledge. p. 320. ISBN 978-1-134-26490-2.
  6. ^ "Fulbright Notable Alumni: Heads of State/Government".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ^ a b "Ghana:Political Parties". Encyclopaedias of the Nations. from the original on 10 March 2007. Retrieved 15 April 2007.
  8. ^ Busia, K.A. (1960). "The sociology and culture of Africa: its nature and scope (Inaugural lecture)". Netherlands: Leiden University. Retrieved 2 August 2022.

External links

  • Ghanaweb about Dr. Busia
Political offices
Preceded by
Kwame Nkrumah
as Prime Minister
Prime Minister of Ghana
1969–1972
Succeeded by
None
Position abolished
Parliament of Ghana
New title Leader of the Opposition
1952 – ?
Succeeded by
?
Parliament suspended by military Member of Parliament for Wenchi East
1969 – 19721
Parliament suspended after military coup
Party political offices
New title Leader of the Ghana Congress Party
1952–1957
Succeeded by
?
New title Leader of the United Party
1957 – ?
Succeeded by
?
New title Leader of the Progress Party
1969–1972
Parties banned after coup
Notes and references
1. Ghana@50

kofi, abrefa, busia, born, july, 1913, august, 1978, ghanaian, political, leader, academic, prime, minister, ghana, from, 1969, 1972, nationalist, leader, prime, minister, helped, restore, civilian, government, country, following, military, rule, prime, minist. Kofi Abrefa Busia born 11 July 1913 28 August 1978 1 was a Ghanaian political leader and academic who was Prime Minister of Ghana from 1969 to 1972 As a nationalist leader and prime minister he helped to restore civilian government to the country following military rule 2 Kofi Abrefa Busia2nd Prime Minister of GhanaIn office 1 October 1969 13 January 1972PresidentBrigadier Akwasi Afrifa3 April 1969 7 August 1970 Nii Amaa Ollennu7 31 August 1970 Edward Akufo Addo31 August 1970 13 January 1972Preceded byKwame Nkrumahas Prime MinisterSucceeded byNone position abolished Member of Parliament for WenchiIn office 1 October 1969 13 January 1972Preceded byCharles Ebenezer DonkohPersonal detailsBorn 1913 07 11 11 July 1913Wenchi Gold CoastDied28 August 1978 1978 08 28 aged 65 Oxford EnglandPolitical partyProgress PartySpouseNaa MorkorChildren8 Abena Akosua Busia and Kofi BusiaEducationMethodist School Wenchi Mfantsipim School Cape Coast Wesley College Kumasi Achimota CollegeAlma materUniversity of London University College Oxford Nuffield College OxfordProfessionAcademicElected following military rule and overthrown by military regime Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Career 3 Bibliography 4 References 5 External linksEarly life and education EditBusia was born a Bono prince in the traditional kingdom of Wenchi in the Brong Ahafo Region one of the four Gold Coast Territories then under British rule and now called Ghana 3 He was educated at Methodist School Wenchi Mfantsipim School Cape Coast then at Wesley College Kumasi from 1931 to 1932 He taught at Wesley College and left to study at Achimota College in 1935 and taught there He gained his first degree with Honours in Medieval and Modern History from the University of London through correspondence during this period He then went on to study at University College Oxford 4 where he was the college s first African student He returned to the Gold Coast in 1942 5 He took a BA Hons in Philosophy Politics and Economics 1941 MA 1946 and a DPhil in Social Anthropology in 1947 at Nuffield College Oxford with a thesis entitled The position of the chief in the modern political system of Ashanti a study of the influence of contemporary social changes on Ashanti political institutions He was a Fulbright scholar in 1954 6 Career EditBusia served as a district commissioner from 1942 to 1949 and was appointed first lecturer in African Studies He became the first African to occupy a chair at the University College of the Gold Coast now the University of Ghana In 1951 he was elected by the Ashanti Confederacy to the Legislative Council In 1952 he was Leader of Ghana Congress Party 7 which later merged with the other opposition parties to form the United Party UP As leader of the opposition against Kwame Nkrumah he fled the country on the grounds that his life was under threat In 1959 Busia became a Professor of Sociology and Culture of Africa at the University of Leiden near the Hague Netherlands From 1962 until 1969 he was a Fellow of St Antony s College Oxford He returned to Ghana in March 1966 after Nkrumah s government was overthrown by the military to serve on the National Liberation Council NLC of General Joseph Ankrah the military head of state 2 and was appointed as the Chairman of the National Advisory Committee of the NLC In 1967 68 Busia served as the Chairman of the Centre for Civic Education He used this opportunity to promote himself as the next leader He also was a Member of the Constitutional Review Committee When the NLC lifted the ban on politics Busia together with Lawyer Sylvester Kofi Williams and friends in the defunct UP formed the Progress Party PP 7 In 1969 the PP won the parliamentary elections with 105 of the 140 seats This paved the way for him to become the next Prime Minister Busia continued with NLC s anti Nkrumaist stance and adopted a liberalised economic system There was a mass deportation of half a million Nigerian citizens from Ghana and a 44 percent devaluation of the cedi in 1971 which met with a lot of resistance from the public While he was in Britain for a medical check up the army under Colonel Ignatius Kutu Acheampong overthrew his government on 13 January 1972 Busia remained in exile in England and returned to Oxford University where he died from a heart attack in August 1978 5 Busia s name is associated with Ghana s political right along with J B Danquah and S D Dombo The New Patriotic Party has claimed the Danquah Busia Dombo mantle in the Fourth Republic Bibliography EditThe Position of the Chief in the Modern Political System of Ashanti London 1951 orig dissertation Oxford The Sociology and Culture of Africa Leiden 1960 8 The Challenge of Africa New York 1962 Purposeful Education for Africa The Hague 1964 Urban Churches in Britain London 1966 Africa in Search of Democracy London 1967References Edit August 28 1978 Prime Minister of 2nd Republic Dr Kofi Abrefa Busia Dies in London Edward A Ulzen Memorial Foundation Retrieved 13 August 2020 a b Martin G 23 December 2012 African Political Thought Springer ISBN 9781137062055 Archived from the original on 11 June 2020 Dr Kofi Abrefa Busia Ex Prime Minister 1969 1972 ghanaweb com Archived from the original on 6 October 2016 Retrieved 4 October 2016 Dr K A Busia University College Record Vol VII no 5 1979 pp 283 286 a b Lentz Harris M 4 February 2014 Heads of States and Governments Since 1945 Routledge p 320 ISBN 978 1 134 26490 2 Fulbright Notable Alumni Heads of State Government a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint url status link a b Ghana Political Parties Encyclopaedias of the Nations Archived from the original on 10 March 2007 Retrieved 15 April 2007 Busia K A 1960 The sociology and culture of Africa its nature and scope Inaugural lecture Netherlands Leiden University Retrieved 2 August 2022 External links EditGhana pedia webpage Dr Kofi A Busia Ghanaweb about Dr Busia Busia FoundationPolitical officesPreceded byKwame Nkrumahas Prime Minister Prime Minister of Ghana1969 1972 Succeeded byNone Position abolishedParliament of GhanaNew title Leader of the Opposition1952 Succeeded by Parliament suspended by military Member of Parliament for Wenchi East1969 19721 Parliament suspended after military coupParty political officesNew title Leader of the Ghana Congress Party1952 1957 Succeeded by New title Leader of the United Party1957 Succeeded by New title Leader of the Progress Party1969 1972 Parties banned after coupNotes and references1 Ghana 50 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kofi Abrefa Busia amp oldid 1138168501, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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