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Kingdom of Derge

The Kingdom of Derge (Tibetan: སྡེ་དགེ་, Wylie: sde dge; Chinese: 德格王國) was a kingdom in Kham from the 15th to the 19th century.[1] It was a center of industry, religion and politics, with the seat of its kingdom in the town of Degé.[1] The kings of Derge belonged to a 1300-year lineage.[1] During the Qing dynasty it was considered a Tusi under the umbrella of the Qing Empire.[2][3]

Kingdom of Derge
སྡེ་དགེ་
15th century–1956
CapitalDêgê
Common languagesKhams Tibetan
GovernmentMonarchy
Derge Gyalpo 
• 16??–16??
Lodro Tobden
• ?–1812
Tsewang Lhamo
• 1897–1908
Doje Senkel
• 1926–1942
Tsewang Donden
• 1942–1956
Jamyang Palmo
History 
• Established
15th century
1853
1908
• Restored by Tibet
1918
1950
1956
Succeeded by
Today part ofChina
"CASTLE OF THE RAJAH OF DE-GE AT DE-GE GONCHEN" (original caption) from Eric Teichman's 1922 book, "Travels of a Consular Officer in Eastern Tibet: Together with a History of the Relations between China, Tibet and India"[4]

At its height, the population of the kingdom consisted of 12–15,000 families.[5] The northern border of the kingdom was defined by Qinghai Lake; on the east, the boundary terminated at those states that utilized the Horpa variation of the Rgyalrongic languages, Chantui and Litang; the southern and western boundaries were defined by Batang, Sanai, Gonjo and Draya; and Lhato and Chamdo, respectively.[5]

The kingdom was known for its metal working and was an important center in the establishment of the Rimé movement in Tibetan Buddhism.[6][7] The royal family of Derge were known as supporters of art, producing such artists as Situ Panchen, the kingdom's senior court chaplain, who is also known for his contributions to medicine and religion.[8][9] Regent Queen Tsewang Lhamo (d. 1812) was known for her support of printing and publishing.[10][11]

History edit

Degé became the capital of the kingdom in the 15th century under the reign of Lodro Tobden, the 31st in the line of the Derge kings.[12] It was he who invited Thang Tong Gyalpo to establish the now renowned Gongchen Monastery in the region.[12] The kingdom expanded during the 18th century under the reign of Tenpa Tsering, who conquered territories to the north.[12]

In the early 1900s, Eric R. Coales prepared a report that included information about the "recent" history of the kingdom for the British.[13] According to Coales' report, in 1895, the Viceroy of Sichuan sent forces into Chantui, led by General Chang Chi, who advanced further into Derge.[14] The king and his family were imprisoned in Chengdu.[15] By the time political intrigue in China had forced the troops to withdraw, the king had died, leaving behind two sons, Doje Senkel and Djembel Rinch'en. The former of these enjoyed the support of the Chinese, but the latter, who may have been illegitimate, had backers in Chantui. The two struggled over the throne until 1908, when Doje Senkel appealed for assistance to the Chinese General Chao Eh-Feng, who was on military campaign in the area to secure the political primacy of China.[15] Djembel Rinch'en was driven to take sanctuary with the Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso; Doje Senkel yielded the kingdom to China in exchange for an allowance.[16] The Chinese retained direct control of Derge until 1918.[12]

The palace of the Derge kings, located next to the Parkhang Monastery, was demolished after 1950 and a school was built on the site.[17]

References edit

  1. ^ a b c McCue, Gary (1999). Trekking in Tibet: A Traveler's Guide (2 ed.). The Mountaineers Bookl. p. 239. ISBN 0-89886-662-6. Derge kingdom.
  2. ^ Li, Jianglin (2022). When the Iron Bird Flies: China's Secret War in Tibet. Stanford University Press. p. 322. ISBN 9781503629790.
  3. ^ Wouters, Jelle (2022). Routledge Handbook of Highland Asia. Taylor & Francis. p. 68. ISBN 9781000598582.
  4. ^ Teichman, Eric (1922). Travels of a Consular Officer in Eastern Tibet: Together with a History of the Relations between China, Tibet and India. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. pp. 158–159, plate XXXIX.
  5. ^ a b Coales, Oliver R. (2003). "Narrative of a journey from Tachienlu to Ch'amdo and back via Batang". In McKay, Alex (ed.). The History of Tibet. Routledge. p. 223. ISBN 0-415-30844-5.
  6. ^ Rockhill, William Woodville (1891). The Land of the Lamas: Notes of a Journey Through China, Mongolia and Tibet. Century Co. p. 228. Derge kingdom.
  7. ^ Huber, Toni (2008). The Holy Land Reborn: Pilgrimage & the Tibetan Reinvention of Buddhist India. University of Chicago Press. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-226-35648-8.
  8. ^ Berger, Patricia Ann (2003). Empire of Emptiness: Buddhist Art and Political Authority in Qing China. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 145–146. ISBN 0-8248-2563-2.
  9. ^ . Rubin Museum of Art. Archived from the original on January 31, 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-15.
  10. ^ Ronis, Jann (October 2011). "Powerful Women in the History of Degé: Reassessing the Eventful Reign of the Dowager Queen Tsewang Lhamo (d. 1812)". Proceedings du deuxième séminaire international des Jeunes Tibétologues (ISYT), Paris 2009. Vol. 21. Revue d’Etudes Tibétaines. pp. 61–81. Retrieved 2013-10-09.
  11. ^ Ronis, Jann (May 2013). "Tsewang Lhamo". The Treasury of Lives: Biographies of Himalayan Religious Masters. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
  12. ^ a b c d Dorje, Gyurme (1999). Tibet Handbook: The Travel Guide (2, illustrated, revised ed.). Footprint Travel Guides. p. 469. ISBN 1-900949-33-4.
  13. ^ Coales, 202.
  14. ^ Coales, 222-223.
  15. ^ a b Coales, 224.
  16. ^ Coales, 224-225.
  17. ^ McCue, 241.

31°49′N 98°40′E / 31.817°N 98.667°E / 31.817; 98.667

kingdom, derge, tibetan, དག, wylie, chinese, 德格王國, kingdom, kham, from, 15th, 19th, century, center, industry, religion, politics, with, seat, kingdom, town, degé, kings, derge, belonged, 1300, year, lineage, during, qing, dynasty, considered, tusi, under, umb. The Kingdom of Derge Tibetan ས དག Wylie sde dge Chinese 德格王國 was a kingdom in Kham from the 15th to the 19th century 1 It was a center of industry religion and politics with the seat of its kingdom in the town of Dege 1 The kings of Derge belonged to a 1300 year lineage 1 During the Qing dynasty it was considered a Tusi under the umbrella of the Qing Empire 2 3 Kingdom of Dergeས དག 15th century 1956CapitalDegeCommon languagesKhams TibetanGovernmentMonarchyDerge Gyalpo 16 16 Lodro Tobden 1812Tsewang Lhamo 1897 1908Doje Senkel 1926 1942Tsewang Donden 1942 1956Jamyang PalmoHistory Established15th century Gombo Namgye Rebellion1853 Annexed by Qing China1908 Restored by Tibet1918 incorporated into PR China1950 Land Reform Movement1956Succeeded byChinaToday part ofChina CASTLE OF THE RAJAH OF DE GE AT DE GE GONCHEN original caption from Eric Teichman s 1922 book Travels of a Consular Officer in Eastern Tibet Together with a History of the Relations between China Tibet and India 4 At its height the population of the kingdom consisted of 12 15 000 families 5 The northern border of the kingdom was defined by Qinghai Lake on the east the boundary terminated at those states that utilized the Horpa variation of the Rgyalrongic languages Chantui and Litang the southern and western boundaries were defined by Batang Sanai Gonjo and Draya and Lhato and Chamdo respectively 5 The kingdom was known for its metal working and was an important center in the establishment of the Rime movement in Tibetan Buddhism 6 7 The royal family of Derge were known as supporters of art producing such artists as Situ Panchen the kingdom s senior court chaplain who is also known for his contributions to medicine and religion 8 9 Regent Queen Tsewang Lhamo d 1812 was known for her support of printing and publishing 10 11 History editDege became the capital of the kingdom in the 15th century under the reign of Lodro Tobden the 31st in the line of the Derge kings 12 It was he who invited Thang Tong Gyalpo to establish the now renowned Gongchen Monastery in the region 12 The kingdom expanded during the 18th century under the reign of Tenpa Tsering who conquered territories to the north 12 In the early 1900s Eric R Coales prepared a report that included information about the recent history of the kingdom for the British 13 According to Coales report in 1895 the Viceroy of Sichuan sent forces into Chantui led by General Chang Chi who advanced further into Derge 14 The king and his family were imprisoned in Chengdu 15 By the time political intrigue in China had forced the troops to withdraw the king had died leaving behind two sons Doje Senkel and Djembel Rinch en The former of these enjoyed the support of the Chinese but the latter who may have been illegitimate had backers in Chantui The two struggled over the throne until 1908 when Doje Senkel appealed for assistance to the Chinese General Chao Eh Feng who was on military campaign in the area to secure the political primacy of China 15 Djembel Rinch en was driven to take sanctuary with the Dalai Lama Thubten Gyatso Doje Senkel yielded the kingdom to China in exchange for an allowance 16 The Chinese retained direct control of Derge until 1918 12 The palace of the Derge kings located next to the Parkhang Monastery was demolished after 1950 and a school was built on the site 17 References edit a b c McCue Gary 1999 Trekking in Tibet A Traveler s Guide 2 ed The Mountaineers Bookl p 239 ISBN 0 89886 662 6 Derge kingdom Li Jianglin 2022 When the Iron Bird Flies China s Secret War in Tibet Stanford University Press p 322 ISBN 9781503629790 Wouters Jelle 2022 Routledge Handbook of Highland Asia Taylor amp Francis p 68 ISBN 9781000598582 Teichman Eric 1922 Travels of a Consular Officer in Eastern Tibet Together with a History of the Relations between China Tibet and India Cambridge England Cambridge University Press pp 158 159 plate XXXIX a b Coales Oliver R 2003 Narrative of a journey from Tachienlu to Ch amdo and back via Batang In McKay Alex ed The History of Tibet Routledge p 223 ISBN 0 415 30844 5 Rockhill William Woodville 1891 The Land of the Lamas Notes of a Journey Through China Mongolia and Tibet Century Co p 228 Derge kingdom Huber Toni 2008 The Holy Land Reborn Pilgrimage amp the Tibetan Reinvention of Buddhist India University of Chicago Press p 116 ISBN 978 0 226 35648 8 Berger Patricia Ann 2003 Empire of Emptiness Buddhist Art and Political Authority in Qing China University of Hawaii Press pp 145 146 ISBN 0 8248 2563 2 Situ Panchen Creation and Cultural Engagement in 18th Century Tibet Rubin Museum of Art Archived from the original on January 31 2009 Retrieved 2009 02 15 Ronis Jann October 2011 Powerful Women in the History of Dege Reassessing the Eventful Reign of the Dowager Queen Tsewang Lhamo d 1812 Proceedings du deuxieme seminaire international des Jeunes Tibetologues ISYT Paris 2009 Vol 21 Revue d Etudes Tibetaines pp 61 81 Retrieved 2013 10 09 Ronis Jann May 2013 Tsewang Lhamo The Treasury of Lives Biographies of Himalayan Religious Masters Retrieved 2013 10 08 a b c d Dorje Gyurme 1999 Tibet Handbook The Travel Guide 2 illustrated revised ed Footprint Travel Guides p 469 ISBN 1 900949 33 4 Coales 202 Coales 222 223 a b Coales 224 Coales 224 225 McCue 241 31 49 N 98 40 E 31 817 N 98 667 E 31 817 98 667 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kingdom of Derge amp oldid 1180057217, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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