Chakla along with Bathang, Lithang, and Derge were called the "Four Great Native Chiefdoms in Kham" (康區四大土司).[2] During the Qing dynasty it was considered a Tusi under the umbrella of the Qing Empire.[3][4]
The kingdom was located in the eponymous Chakla region, near the historical border between Tibet and China proper. By the late 1200s, it had been founded around the city of Dartsedo, now known as Kangding. Due to its position, the town formed a trading centre for merchants from Tibet and China proper, who traded goods such as tea, traditional medicines, horses, and paper; for this reason the Ganden Phodrang government established a taxation regime in the kingdom, headed by a commissioner. The local kings resented the taxation coming from Lhasa, resulting in a rebellion in 1666, backed up by Chakla allying with the emerging Qing dynasty. Ganden Phodrang forces invaded five years later, followed by the murder of the king of Chakla by the commissioner in 1699. However, a year later, the commissioner was killed himself by Qing forces, who reorganised their Tibetan provinces in 1725, removing Chakla from Ganden Phodrang rule.[5]
^Map from the 1914 Simla Convention: red line showing the frontier of Tibet as per the Convention and the blue line showing the boundary between the autonomous 'Outer Tibet' and the 'Inner Tibet' designated for Chinese administration.
Referencesedit
^Lamb, Alastair (1989), Tibet, China & India, 1914-1950: a history of imperial diplomacy, Roxford Books, p. 7
^"清王朝敕封的康区土司". Archived from the original on August 13, 2015.
^Li, Jianglin (2022). When the Iron Bird Flies: China's Secret War in Tibet. Stanford University Press. p. 322. ISBN9781503629790.
^Wouters, Jelle (2022). Routledge Handbook of Highland Asia. Taylor & Francis. p. 68. ISBN9781000598582.
^Ronis, Jann (July 13, 2011). "An Overview of the Chakla Kingdom". The Tibetan and Himalayan Library. from the original on 8 December 2016. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
^"明正土司考略". from the original on 2013-06-01. Retrieved 2018-12-24.
^"康区四大土司之明正土司". from the original on 2018-12-24. Retrieved 2018-12-24.
April 05, 2024
kingdom, chakla, tibetan, གས, wylie, lcags, chakla, chinese, 明正土司, pinyin, míngzhēng, tǔsī, chala, kingdom, tibetan, region, kham, གས, 1407, 1950chala, marked, southeastern, corner, tibet, boundary, capitaldartsedo, present, kangding, 957common, languagesrgyal. Kingdom of Chakla Tibetan ལ གས ལ Wylie lcags la THL chakla Chinese 明正土司 pinyin Mingzheng tǔsi or Chala 1 was a kingdom in the Tibetan region of Kham Kingdom of Chaklaལ གས ལ 1407 1950Chala marked at the southeastern corner of Tibet red boundary a CapitalDartsedo present day Kangding 29 59 56 N 101 57 25 E 29 999 N 101 957 E 29 999 101 957Common languagesrGyalrong languages including Muya Zhaba Choyo History Established1407 Disestablished1950Succeeded byChinaToday part ofChinaChakla along with Bathang Lithang and Derge were called the Four Great Native Chiefdoms in Kham 康區四大土司 2 During the Qing dynasty it was considered a Tusi under the umbrella of the Qing Empire 3 4 The kingdom was located in the eponymous Chakla region near the historical border between Tibet and China proper By the late 1200s it had been founded around the city of Dartsedo now known as Kangding Due to its position the town formed a trading centre for merchants from Tibet and China proper who traded goods such as tea traditional medicines horses and paper for this reason the Ganden Phodrang government established a taxation regime in the kingdom headed by a commissioner The local kings resented the taxation coming from Lhasa resulting in a rebellion in 1666 backed up by Chakla allying with the emerging Qing dynasty Ganden Phodrang forces invaded five years later followed by the murder of the king of Chakla by the commissioner in 1699 However a year later the commissioner was killed himself by Qing forces who reorganised their Tibetan provinces in 1725 removing Chakla from Ganden Phodrang rule 5 The Kingdom of Chakla was annexed by Qing dynasty in 1911 Zhao Erfeng forced the king to abdicate 6 However ruler of Chakla had high prestige in Xikang and the Republican Chinese government had to allow them to restore him Finally the kingdom was annexed by the People s Republic of China in 1950 7 Notes edit Map from the 1914 Simla Convention red line showing the frontier of Tibet as per the Convention and the blue line showing the boundary between the autonomous Outer Tibet and the Inner Tibet designated for Chinese administration References edit Lamb Alastair 1989 Tibet China amp India 1914 1950 a history of imperial diplomacy Roxford Books p 7 清王朝敕封的康区土司 Archived from the original on August 13 2015 Li Jianglin 2022 When the Iron Bird Flies China s Secret War in Tibet Stanford University Press p 322 ISBN 9781503629790 Wouters Jelle 2022 Routledge Handbook of Highland Asia Taylor amp Francis p 68 ISBN 9781000598582 Ronis Jann July 13 2011 An Overview of the Chakla Kingdom The Tibetan and Himalayan Library Archived from the original on 8 December 2016 Retrieved 24 May 2017 明正土司考略 Archived from the original on 2013 06 01 Retrieved 2018 12 24 康区四大土司之明正土司 Archived from the original on 2018 12 24 Retrieved 2018 12 24 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Kingdom of Chakla amp oldid 1180056661, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
