Katter's Australian Party
Katter's Australian Party (KAP) is an agrarian populist political party in Australia that advocates for a synthesis of agrarian socialist economic policies and conservative social policies.[6][7] It was founded by Bob Katter, an independent and former Nationals MP for the seat of Kennedy, with a registration application lodged to the Australian Electoral Commission in 2011.[8]
Katter's Australian Party | |
|---|---|
| Abbreviation | KAP |
| Leader | Robbie Katter |
| President | Chris Carney[1] |
| Founder | Bob Katter |
| Founded | 27 September 2011 |
| Split from | Queensland Party |
| Headquarters | 2/321 Sturt Street, Townsville, QLD 4810 |
| Membership (2013) | 1,500[3] |
| Ideology | |
| Political position | Syncretic |
| Colours | Dark red |
| House of Representatives | 1 / 151 |
| Legislative Assembly of Queensland | 3 / 93 |
| Website | |
| kap | |
Katter has been re-elected under the party's label at the 2013, 2016, 2019, and 2022 federal elections. The party also won two seats at the 2012 Queensland state election, which it retained at the 2015 state election. The party won an additional seat at the 2017 state election which it retained at the 2020 state election.
In June 2018, independent and former One Nation Senator for Queensland Fraser Anning joined the party, but was expelled in October 2018 for his inflammatory rhetoric concerning immigration.[9] In February 2020, Bob Katter handed the leadership of the party to his son Robbie Katter, a Queensland state MP.[10]
Name edit
The party's application for registration was denied by the Australian Electoral Commission on 17 August 2011, on the grounds that the intended party name ("The Australian Party") was too generic and likely to cause confusion.[11] On 27 September 2011, Katter's Australian Party was registered by the Australian Electoral Commission.[12] Although the party was unsuccessful in registering the shorter party name "The Australian Party" nationally, its simultaneous application to register in Queensland with the abbreviated name succeeded, despite a few public objections.[13]
Under Queensland electoral law the party appears on the state election ballots only under its abbreviated name. To avoid ballot-box party names varying across Australian states, the KAP unsuccessfully appealed to the courts to have ballots reprinted so that the full party name and not the abbreviated one would appear on ballots for the 2012 Queensland state election.[14]
Political positions edit
This section needs additional citations for verification. (May 2019) |
The KAP is orientated towards agrarian issues.[6][5] It has also been described as conservative,[15][16][17] socially conservative,[18] and nationalist.[19] Regarding fiscal issues, it supports protectionism,[18][20] economic nationalism,[21] and a developmentalist vision towards the implementation of tariffs.[22] It advocates for North Queensland statehood.[23][24]
Policies announced by Katter include:
Crime edit
- Relocation sentencing: in response to high youth crime and re-offence rates in Townsville and other North Queensland cities, KAP advocates for "relocation sentencing" at the state level, which would temporarily relocate youth offenders to remote areas in North-West Queensland, instead of releasing them back into the community where they offended.[25][26]
- Mandatory minimum sentencing for repeat offenders[27]
- Minimum three years prison for carjacking and unlawful use of a motor vehicle[27]
Economy edit
- Establish a government-owned development bank.[28]
- Essential services such as airports, water, electricity, gas, health services, road, rail and port networks, public transport and communications should be provided by government.[28]
Energy edit
- Promote the construction of new dams for irrigation and hydro electricity generation.[citation needed]
- Deliver more effective and efficient power transmission networks.[citation needed]
Environment edit
- Opposition to the carbon tax and emission trading schemes.[28]
- Support for alternative energy such as ethanol and solar energy.[8] This is to "Reduce carbon emissions well beyond any current carbon reducing initiatives planned by the State and Federal Government."[29]
- Prevent the extraction of coal seam gas within three kilometres (2 mi) of an aquifer.
- Maintain government support for Australia's domestic ethanol industry and mandate the use of ethanol in petrol; in order to curb Australia's carbon footprint and to support native grain and sugar industries.
- Restore vital irrigation water to agriculture in the Murray Darling Basin.
- Increase bio-security and quarantine laws, in order to maintain Australia's disease free status.
Firearms and gun control edit
- Generally make it easier for law-abiding citizens to own and operate weapons[30]
- Revise National Firearms Agreement
- Any owner of a farming operation who has demonstrated responsible firearm ownership by holding a current weapons licence of category A, B or higher should have the right to own a category H firearm (handgun)
- Implement real-time licensing, allowing permits to be processed at the point of sale rather than manual processing
Industrial relations edit
- Government must ensure that all workers, especially farmers, are able to collectively bargain for their own economic interests.[28]
- Government must stop the use of 457 visas by big business as a means to replace or undermine Australian workers and Australian award pay and conditions.
Infrastructure edit
- Deliver better road and rail infrastructure to facilitate regional investment.[citation needed]
Property rights edit
- No exploration or mining activity will be permitted on landholders' property without the landholder's consent.
- Personal home ownership must be made easier by government implemented policies.[28]
Public service edit
- It is the responsibility of the government to encourage and protect whistle blowers as an important method of discovery of the real health and performance of the public sector; and implement regular, random, independent and external professional audits of the public service sector.
Regulation edit
- Legislate to limit Woolworths and Coles duopoly to 22.5 per cent market share each.[8]
- Halt any privatisation and renationalise privatised assets.[8] "Overseas companies owning basic services will need big profits for their shareholders. You would pay for the profits with price hikes to basic services."[31]
- Implement "orderly" marketing where industry structures undermine reasonable market power to producers[clarification needed] (as perceived currently in dairy, egg and sugar industries).
- Restore individual rights, such as "fishing freely and boiling a billy without a permit".[32]
- It is the duty of government to ensure bank lending creates real wealth in terms of improvements of the quality of life for the average Australian.[28]
Trade edit
- All government spending on goods to be on Australian products where possible.[8]
- Ensure that any construction contracts undertaken using Australian government funds will use Australian steel.
- Every motor vehicle purchased under a government contract (arguably over 20% of Australia's motor vehicles) to be Australian-made.
- All clothing for armed forces, police and prisons to be manufactured in Australia.
- Significantly increase customs duty on products coming into Australia.[8]
- Mandate premium shelf space on Australian supermarkets for Australian manufactured goods.
- Prevent the sale of essential assets, public or private, including agricultural land and resource assets, to foreign companies and/or sovereign entities without caveats to protect the national interest.
- Government must ensure and limit against corporate monopolisation.[28]
Federal politics edit
2013 federal election edit
In the 2013 federal election, Katter's Australian Party received 1.04% of the nationwide vote in first preferences in the lower house, and 0.89% nationwide in the Senate.[33] Its best performing state was Queensland with 3.75% of the lower-house vote and 2.94% of the Senate vote.
Katter retained his seat of Kennedy, despite a 16-point swing in favour of the Liberal Nationals.[34]
2016 federal election edit
In the 2016 federal election, Katter's Australian Party received 0.54% of the nationwide vote in first preferences in the lower house, and 0.38% nationwide in the Senate.[35][36] Bob Katter retained his seat of Kennedy, with a swing of 8.93% towards him.[37] The party's next-best finish was in the Division of Capricornia, where Laurel Carter polled 7.08 percent of the vote.[38]
On 7 July 2016, while counting for the election was still underway and the final result uncertain, Katter announced that he would provide confidence and supply to the Turnbull government in the event that it was reduced to minority government.[39] It proved unnecessary, as the Coalition finished with a one-seat majority. In August 2017, during the parliamentary eligibility crisis, Katter announced that he could not guarantee confidence and supply if the government lost its majority.[40]
2019 federal election edit
In the 2019 Australian federal election, Bob Katter retained the seat of Kennedy. The party also ran candidates in five other electorates, plus three Queensland candidates for the Senate.
2022 federal election edit
In the 2022 Australian federal election, Bob Katter retained the seat of Kennedy. The party also ran candidates in three other electorates Dawson, Herbert and Leichhardt, all of which are in Queensland.
State politics edit
Queensland edit
The party fielded candidates at the 2012 Queensland state election.[8] Queensland Independent MP Rob Messenger had expressed interest in joining the party;[41] however, following the merger with the Queensland Party, Messenger declared he would not join the new party as it intended to run against sitting independents at the election.[42]
On 9 August 2011, Katter's Australian Party announced plans to merge with state Beaudesert MP Aidan McLindon's Queensland Party, with Katter's Australian Party as the surviving entity. As part of the deal, McLindon became the merged party's leader in Queensland.[43][44]
On 30 October 2011, McLindon was joined by Shane Knuth, the Liberal National Party of Queensland (LNP) member for Dalrymple. Knuth, who was from the National half of the merger, objected to what he saw as a reduced voice for regional MPs in the merged party, calling it a Liberal takeover even though the merged party was dominated by former Nationals. He was also displeased with a number of tactics adopted by the LNP's organisational wing, such as grilling potential candidates and maintaining files about Labor MPs containing compromising information.[45]
In the 2012 Queensland state election, the party contested 76 of the 89 seats in the state legislature. Robbie Katter won Mount Isa—which is virtually coextensive with the western portion of his father's federal seat—while Knuth retained Dalrymple. McLindon was defeated in Beaudesert. Katter claimed that the Electoral Commission's decision not to print his name on the ballot cost the party 8.5% of the vote.[46]
On 25 November 2012, the party was joined by Condamine LNP MP Ray Hopper. Like Knuth, Hopper is from the National side of the merger. As Knuth had a year earlier, Hopper claimed that the LNP had been a takeover by the old Liberal Party at the expense of the National Party, and accused the LNP of deliberately purging National influence from the party. Hopper claimed to have spoken to eight other LNP backbenchers who were considering defection.[47] On 29 November Hopper was elected as the party's Queensland state leader.[48]
In the 2015 Queensland state election, the party contested 11 of the 89 seats, with Knuth and Katter retaining their seats, but Hopper failed in a bid for the seat of Nanango. Due to the election's close-run result (44 Labor to 42 LNP with either needing 45), KAP was potentially in a situation to choose the government, and met with both parties and published a list of 28 demands.[49] However, as independent MP Peter Wellington elected to support Labor on confidence and supply, this did not proceed further.
In the 2017 Queensland state election, Shane Knuth won Hill, Robbie Katter won Traeger and increased their seat numbers to 3 with Nick Dametto winning Hinchinbrook. The party increased its share of first preference votes to 2.32% and became the 3rd largest party in the Queensland Parliament.[50]
Katter's Australian Party maintained their parliamentary representation but further increased their share of first preference votes to 2.52% at the 2020 Queensland state election.[51] Robbie Katter, Shane Knuth, and Nick Dametto were all reelected to their respective seats.
Other states edit
The Tasmanian Branch, led by Glenorchy Alderman Jenny Branch-Allen, claimed to have received many expressions of interest by potential candidates for the 2013 federal election.[52]
Ann Bressington, an independent (and formerly No Pokies) member of the South Australian Legislative Council, announced in October 2013 that she would sponsor registration for the party at the 2014 state election, although she did not join the party herself.[53] At the 2014 election, the party did however have two candidates for the Legislative Council,[54] both of which were unsuccessful.
In February 2014, the Country Alliance announced that it would merge with the Victorian Branch of Katter's Australian Party for the upcoming 2014 state election, following confirmation at an extraordinary general meeting of the party. The merged parties plan to contest the election as the "Australian Country Alliance".[55][56]
In 2018, the party contested the by-election in the New South Wales seat of Wentworth, which was triggered by the resignation of former Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull. The party's candidate was Robert Callanan, who received the first place on the ballot paper after the draw.[57] Callanan was later disendorsed over undisclosed former links to a brothel.[58] This was the most recent time the party fielded a candidate outside of Queensland.
Donors edit
Katter's Australian Party has received significant donations from the firearms industry.
For the 2020-21 financial year, the largest disclosed donors to the party were: Sporting Shooters Association of Australia (Queensland) Inc ($130,000 split across two donations), Shooters Union Qld Pty Ltd ($100,000), Firearm Dealers Association - Qld Inc ($100,000), and Charters Towers Toyota ($20,000).[59]
A 2019 report revealed that Katter's Australian Party has taken more than $808,760 from pro-gun groups during the 2011-2018 period.[60] The party received the most disclosed pro-gun donations of all Australian political parties.[60]
Leaders edit
Federal edit
| No. | Leader | Electoral division | Start | End | Time in office | Election(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Bob Katter | Kennedy (QLD) (federal) | 5 June 2011 | 3 February 2020 | 8 years, 243 days | 2013, 2016, 2019 | |
| 2 | Robbie Katter | Traeger (QLD) (state) | 3 February 2020 | Incumbent | 3 years, 283 days | 2022 | |
Queensland edit
| No. | Leader | Term | Seat | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Aidan McLindon | 2011–2012 | Beaudesert | Leader of the Queensland Party; merged with KAP in 2012. Inaugural KAP QLD leader. | |
| 2 | Robbie Katter | 2012 | Mount Isa | ||
| 3 | Ray Hopper | 2012–2015 | Condamine | Defeated in Nanango in the 2015 state election | |
| (2) | Robbie Katter | 2015–present | Mount Isa (2015–2017) | Seat abolished in 2017 redistribution | |
| Traeger (2017–present) | |||||
President edit
In 2021, KAP appointed Chris Carney as its president. Carney is a business leader in the automotive industry, based in North Queensland.[1]
Electoral results edit
Federal edit
| Election year | No. of overall votes | % of overall vote | seats won | +/– | Position |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | 134,226 | 1.04 (6th) | 1 / 150 | 1 | Crossbench |
| 2016 (D-D) | 72,879 | 0.54 (9th) | 1 / 150 | Crossbench | |
| 2019 | 69,736 | 0.49 (9th) | 1 / 150 | Crossbench | |
| 2022 | 55,863 | 0.38 (9th) | 1 / 150 | Crossbench |
| Election year | No. of overall votes | % of overall vote | seats won | +/– | Position |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | 119,920 | 0.89 (10th) | 0 / 76 | Extra-parliamentary | |
| 2016 | 53,123 | 0.38 (10th) | 0 / 76 | Extra-parliamentary | |
| 2019 | 51,407 | 0.35 (19th) | 0 / 76 | Extra-parliamentary | |
| 2022 | did not contest | Extra-parliamentary | |||
Queensland edit
| Election year | No. of overall votes | % of overall vote | seats won | +/– | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2012 | 282,098 | 11.53 (3rd) | 2 / 89 | 2 | Crossbench |
| 2015 | 50,588 | 1.93 (5th) | 2 / 89 | Crossbench (shared balance of power) | |
| 2017 | 62,613 | 2.32 (5th) | 3 / 93 | 1 | Crossbench |
| 2020 | 71,893 | 2.5 (5th) | 3 / 93 | Crossbench |
South Australia edit
| Election year | No. of overall votes | % of overall vote | seats won | +/– | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | 1,503 | 0.1 (21st) | 0 / 22 | Extra-parliamentary |
List of parliamentarians edit
| Image | Name | Chamber | Electorate | Term began | Term ended | Length of term | Total length of terms |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bob Katter (1945–) | Australian House of Representatives | Kennedy (Qld) | 5 June 2011 | incumbent | 12 years, 161 days | ||
| Aidan McLindon (1980–) | Queensland Legislative Assembly | Beaudesert | 9 August 2011 | 24 March 2012 | 228 days | ||
| Shane Knuth (1966–) | Queensland Legislative Assembly | Dalrymple | 30 October 2011 | 25 November 2017 | 6 years, 26 days | 12 years, 14 days | |
| Hill | 25 November 2017 | incumbent | 5 years, 353 days | ||||
| Robbie Katter (1977–) | Queensland Legislative Assembly | Mount Isa | 24 March 2012 | 25 November 2017 | 5 years, 246 days | 11 years, 234 days | |
| Traeger | 25 November 2017 | incumbent | 5 years, 353 days | ||||
| Ray Hopper (1960–) | Queensland Legislative Assembly | Condamine | 25 November 2012 | 31 January 2015 | 2 years, 67 days | ||
| Nick Dametto (1983–) | Queensland Legislative Assembly | Hinchinbrook | 25 November 2017 | incumbent | 5 years, 353 days | ||
| Fraser Anning (1949–) | Australian Senate | Queensland | 4 June 2018 | 25 October 2018 | 143 days | ||
See also edit
References edit
- ^ a b "KAP appoint new local president in Nth Qld". Yahoo News Australia. Retrieved 11 June 2021.
- ^ a b King, Tom (2015). The Advent of Two New Micro Parties: The Palmer United Party and Katter's Australia Party. p. 294.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Alexander, Cathy (18 July 2013). "The party's over: which clubs have the most members?". Crikey. Retrieved 1 April 2021.
- ^ "Pining for a return of rustic socialism". 23 August 2010.
- ^ a b Alexander, Damon (28 August 2013). "The mice that may yet roar: who are the minor right-wing parties?". The Conversation.
- ^ a b Bruns, Axel; Highfield, Tim (2013). "Political Networks on Twitter: Tweeting the Queensland state election" (PDF). Information, Communication & Society. 16 (5): 667–691. doi:10.1080/1369118X.2013.782328. S2CID 143208704.
Bob Katter, the outspoken Federal Member for Kennedy, in Queensland's north-west, had launched his own party in 2011 to promote agricultural and conservative views; Katter's Australian Party (KAP) subsequently nominated candidates for 76 of the 89 state electorates.
- ^ "Australia senator urges drastic cut in student visas". Times of India. 17 August 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g Lion, Patrick (4 June 2011). . The Sunday Mail. Archived from the original on 24 December 2014. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
- ^ Karp, Paul (25 October 2018). "Australian senator who called for 'final solution' to immigration expelled from party". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 October 2018.
- ^ Lynch, Lydia (2 February 2020). "Bob Katter hands over party leadership to his son". Brisbane Times. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
- ^ "Application for party registration refused – Katter's Australian Party". AEC. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
- ^ "Bob Katter's party registered with AEC". news.com.au. News Limited. 27 September 2011. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
- ^ . ecq.qld.gov.au. Archived from the original on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
- ^ "Court rejects Katter party's ballot case". news.com.au. News Limited. 8 March 2012.
- ^ Sydney, Bernard Lagan. "Anger as Fraser Anning from Katter's Australian Party says 'final solution' needed for immigration". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
- ^ "Fraser Anning: Australia MPs condemn 'final solution' speech". BBC News. 15 August 2018. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
- ^ "Fraser Anning, egged after mosque attacks, may be Australia's most reviled politician". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
- ^ a b Whitford, Troy (2 November 2011), "Don't write off the Mad Katter's Tea Party", The Conversation, retrieved 24 March 2012
- ^ "Aussie senator's 'final solution' speech backed by party leader as 'solid gold'". Times of Israel. 15 August 2018.
- ^ Coghlan, Jo (2019). Rebranded Pauline Hanson: A Party of Policy or Protest?. p. 181.
{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help) - ^ Gauja, Anika (2018). Double Disillusion: The 2016 Australian Federal Election. ANU Press. p. 323.
- ^ Canberra, By Michelle Grattan, University of (14 March 2013). "Bob Katter: the man with friends in odd places". The Sydney Morning Herald.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Rob Katter pushes to split Queensland into two states". ABC News. 15 September 2016.
- ^ Graham, Ben (26 October 2020). "How an idea for a new North Queensland state could actually happen". Retrieved 31 May 2022.
- ^ Nick Dametto, "Support grows for relocation sentencing", accessed February 6, 2021.
- ^ Barry, Derek (15 January 2021). "KAP outlines eight-point plan to deal with youth crime". The North West Star. Retrieved 6 February 2021.
- ^ a b "KAP UNVEILS PLAN OF ATTACK ON NQ CRIME CRISIS". Rob Katter. 20 January 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Core Values and Principles". Katter's Australian Party. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
- ^ Katter's Australian Party (March 2012). "Reconstructing Queensland Highlights Biofuels" (PDF). Australia. Retrieved 20 January 2014.
- ^ "National Firearms Agreement".
- ^ Advertisement Katter's Australian Party. Pine Rivers Press. 21 March 2012.
- ^ Lion, Patrick (4 June 2011). "Bob Katter launches the Australian Party to take on the big boys". The Courier-Mail. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
- ^ . AEC. Archived from the original on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 18 October 2013.
- ^ Horn, Allyson (7 September 2013). "Big swing against Bob Katter in his seat of Kennedy". ABC. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
- ^ "First preferences by party". Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
- ^ "First preferences by Senate group". Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
- ^ "Kennedy, QLD". Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
- ^ "Capricornia, QLD". Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 19 July 2017.
- ^ Katharine Murphy (7 July 2016). "Election 2016: Bob Katter promises to support Coalition in hung parliament". The Guardian Australia. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
- ^ "Independent MP Bob Katter will no longer guarantee supply, confidence to government". Courier-Mail. 15 August 2017. Retrieved 6 June 2018.
- ^ Agius, Kym (6 June 2011). "Qld MP mulls move to Katter's party". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 6 June 2011.
- ^ Adcock, Frances; Hegarty, Laura (10 August 2011). "Messenger snubs merged Katter party". ABC Online. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
- ^ Binnie, Kerrin (10 August 2011). "Katter talks up party merger". ABC Online. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
- ^ Houghton, Des (11 August 2011). "Queensland Party may cease to exist as leader Aidan McLindon plans to join Bob Katter's Australian Party". Courier Mail. Retrieved 11 August 2011.
- ^ Jessica Marszalek (30 October 2011). "LNP MP defects to Katter's Australian Party". Brisbane Times. Retrieved 30 October 2011.
- ^ Kym Agius (4 June 2012). "Nominations open for Katter's federal bid". The Age. Melbourne.
- ^ Madigan, Michael (25 November 2012). "LNP veteran Ray Hopper resigns to join Katter's Australian Party". Courier Mail. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
- ^ "Hopper endorsed as Katter Party state leader".
- ^ "Queensland election 2015: Katter's Australian Party releases demands for minority government support". ABC Online. 10 February 2015. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
- ^ "2017 State General Election - Election Summary". results.ecq.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ Queensland, Electoral Commission of (1 July 2019). "Electoral Commission of Queensland". results.elections.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ Richards, Blair (25 November 2012). "The Gospel according to Bob". The Mercury. Retrieved 25 November 2012.
- ^ Harmsen, Nick. "SA independent Ann Bressington forms alliance with Bob Katter ahead of March state election". ABC. Retrieved 17 October 2013.
- ^ https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/the-candidates-for-the-legislative-council-at-the-2014-south-australian-state-election/news-story/b00c378f136d74c8a5f504c2373d191f
- ^ Cimara Pearce (2014). "Katter’s Australian Party set to merge with Country Alliance in bid for rural seats" 21 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine – Weekly Times Now. Published 10 February 2014. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
- ^ "Weekly Times story on CA / Katter Vic merger" 7 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine – Country Alliance. Published 10 February 2014. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
- ^ "'Look at the donkey votes': Confident Katter party candidate lands top spot in Wentworth ballot". ABC News. 28 September 2018.
- ^ https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/subscribe/news/1/?sourceCode=DTWEB_WRE170_a_GGL&dest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytelegraph.com.au%2Fnews%2Fnsw%2Fkatter-wentworth-candidates-brothel-link%2Fnews-story%2Fe6ff662252e849473ae8d539b0b7a6e2&memtype=anonymous&mode=premium&v21=dynamic-high-test-score&V21spcbehaviour=append
- ^ "Political Party Annual Return - AEC - Transparency Website". transparency.aec.gov.au. Retrieved 11 October 2023.
- ^ a b Knowles, Lorna (27 March 2019). "Gun lobby's 'concerted and secretive' bid to undermine Australian laws". ABC News. Retrieved 15 July 2019.
External links edit
- Official website