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Indian Military Academy

January 31, 2024

The Indian Military Academy (IMA) is one of the oldest military academies in India, and trains officers for the Indian Army. Located in Dehradun, Uttarakhand, it was established in 1932 following a recommendation by a military committee set up under the chairmanship of General (later Field Marshal) Sir Philip Chetwode. From a class of 40 male cadets in 1932, IMA now has a sanctioned capacity of 1,650. Cadets undergo a training course varying between 3 and 16 months depending on entry criteria. On completion of the course at IMA cadets are permanently commissioned into the army as Lieutenants.

Indian Military Academy
भारतीय सैन्य अकादमी
The main ground of IMA with Chetwode Hall and the drill square visible.
Former name
Armed Forces Academy
Motto
वीरता और विवेक
(Veerta aur Vivek)[1]
Motto in English
Valour and Wisdom[1]
TypeMilitary Academy
Established10 December 1932; 91 years ago (10 December 1932)
CommandantLt General Vijay Kumar Mishra AVSM
Students1,650
Location
Dehradun
,
Uttarakhand
,
India

30°19′55″N 77°58′51″E / 30.3320°N 77.9809°E / 30.3320; 77.9809
Campus1,400 acres (570 ha)
Logo
Logo of IMA. The colours are the academy colours – blood and steel. The motto, "Veerta aur Vivek" (Valour and Wisdom) is inscribed on the crest below.[2]
ColoursBlood red and steel grey
  

The academy, spread over 1,400 acres (5.7 km2), houses the Chetwode Hall, Khetarpal Auditorium, Somnath Stadium, Salaria Aquatic Centre, Hoshiar Singh Gymnasium and other facilities that facilitate the training of cadets. Cadets in IMA are organized into a regiment with four battalions of four companies each. The academy's mission, to train future military leaders of the Indian Army, goes hand in hand with the character building enshrined in the IMA honour code, warrior code and motto. Cadets take part in a variety of sports, adventure activities, physical training, drills, weapons training and leadership development activities.

The academy's alumni include six recipients of India's highest military decoration, the Param Vir Chakra. Other achievements by alumni include 73 Military Crosses, 17 Ashoka Chakras, 84 Maha Vir Chakras and 41 Kirti Chakras. In 2017, Lieutenant Ummer Fayaz Parray was the 847th name to be engraved on the IMA War Memorial, which honours alumni of the academy who have fallen in the course of action.

Up to 1 October 2019, the 87th Raising Day,[a] over 61,000 gentleman cadets had graduated and over 3,000 foreign cadets from over 30 other states, including Afghanistan, Singapore, Zambia, and Malaysia, had attended IMA for pre-commission training. Alumni have gone on to become Chief and Vice-Chief of Army Staff, Olympians and politicians. Foreign alumni have also done well in their countries, going on to becomes chiefs of their respective militaries, prime ministers, presidents and politicians.

History edit

Demands for an Indian military training academy edit

 
Aerial view of the academy in 1932.

During the Indian independence movement, Indian leaders recognised the need for a local military institution to meet the needs of an armed force loyal to sovereign India.[3][4] The Indianisation of the officer cadre of the army began in 1901, but it was only for the elite, and after training they were not allowed into the regular army.[5] The British Raj was reluctant to commission Indian officers or permit local officer training.[6] In 1905, natives could officer only Indian troops and by rank were not equal to commissioned British officers. Up to the outbreak of the First World War, the highest rank to which a native soldier of India could rise was Subedar, a rank lower than the lowermost officer rank of Subaltern.[5]

But following the Indian military performance in the First World War, the Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms facilitated the officer training of 10 Indian commissioned officers at the Royal Military College, Sandhurst.[7] In 1922, the Prince of Wales Royal Indian Military College (now known as the Rashtriya Indian Military College or just RIMC) was set up in Dehradun to prepare young Indians for admission to Sandhurst.[8][9] The Indianisation of the Army started with the commissioning of 31 Indian officers. Among this first batch of officers to be commissioned was Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw, who became the Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army in 1969 and later the first Indian Field Marshal.[10]

Despite demands from the Indian officers, the British resisted expansion of the Indian officer cadre. Indian leaders pressed the issue at the first Round Table Conference in 1930. The establishment of an Indian officer training college was one of the few concessions made at the conference. The Indian Military College Committee, set up under the chairmanship of General Sir Philip Chetwode, in 1931 recommended the establishment of an Indian Military Academy in Dehradun to produce forty commissioned officers twice a year following two and a half years of training.[11][12]

 
Then General Sir Philip Chetwode. He was promoted Field Marshal in February 1933.

Inauguration to Independence edit

The Government of India transferred the former property of the Railway Staff College of the Indian Railways, with its 206-acre campus and associated infrastructure, to the Indian Military Academy. Brigadier L.P. Collins was appointed the first Commandant and the first batch of 40 gentleman cadets (GC), as IMA trainees are known, began their training on 1 October 1932. The institute was inaugurated on 10 December 1932 by General Sir Philip Chetwode, 7th Bt.[11][13] Chetwode was promoted to being a Field Marshal the following year, in February 1933.

In 1934, before the first batch had passed out, Viceroy Lord Willingdon presented the first colours to the academy on behalf of King George V. The first batch of cadets to graduate the academy, graduating in December 1934, now known as the Pioneers, included Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw,[14] General Muhammad Musa and General Smith Dun, who became the Army Chiefs of India, Pakistan, and Burma, respectively.[b][16][17] General Dun graduated at the top of his class at IMA and also commanded the passing out parade for the first course.[18] The second, third, fourth and fifth batches were called, respectively, Immortals, Invincible, Stalwarts and Bahadurs.[19]

"The cadets came to the Academy from all parts of India as it was prior to the independence and partition of India in 1947. There were Punjabi Hindus and Mussalmans [...], Sikhs, Bengalis, Marathas, Madrasis, Coorgies [...] But we worked and lived as one, namely Indians first. I have emphasised it because even today as far as the armed forces are concerned the concept has not changed and is implemented in practice".
(Maj Gen. A. S. Naravane (Retd) joined IMA on 29 January 1936)

(Naravane 2004, p. 11)

Through the first 16 regular courses that passed out of the academy, until May 1941, 524 officers were commissioned. But the outbreak of the Second World War resulted in an unprecedented increase in the number of entrants, a temporary reduction in the training period to six months and an expansion of the campus. A total of 3,887 officers were commissioned between August 1941 and January 1946, including 710 British officers for the British Army. The academy reverted to its original two and a half year course of training at the end of the war.[20] During the final years before Independence, the academy navigated the role of training officers for both colonial and postcolonial armies.[21]

Post-Independence edit

Following the Independence of India in August 1947 and the subsequent partition into Pakistan, a number of British officers who were trainers in the academy left for Britain, while Pakistani cadets left for Pakistan.[22] A total of 110 Pakistani cadets then continued their training at Pakistan Military Academy, Kakul.[23][24] Brigadier Thakur Mahadeo Singh, DSO, was appointed the first Indian Commandant of the academy.[25] The 189 GCs who graduated on 20 December 1947 were the first class from IMA to be commissioned into a free India.[19]

In late 1947, the Chiefs of Staff of the Indian Armed Forces, following the recommendation of a 1946 committee headed by Field Marshal Sir Claude Auchinleck, decided to initiate an action plan to commission a new Joint Services training academy. In the interim, they decided to conduct Joint Services training at IMA.[26] The academy was renamed the Armed Forces Academy and a new Joint Services Wing (JSW) was commissioned on 1 January 1949, while training of Army officers continued in the Military Wing.[27][28] The academy was renamed as the National Defence Academy (NDA) on 1 January 1950, ahead of India becoming a Republic. In December 1954, when the new Joint Services training academy was established in Khadakwasla, near Pune, the NDA name along with the Joint Services Wing was transferred to Khadakwasla.[29] The academy in Dehradun was then rechristened as the Military College.[30] Brigadier M.M. Khanna, MVC was the first IMA alumni to be appointed Commandant of IMA at the end of 1956.[31] In 1960, the founding name, Indian Military Academy, was reinstated. On 10 December 1962, on the 30th anniversary of the academy's inauguration, the second President of India, Dr. Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan, presented new colours to the academy.[32]

After the Sino-Indian War of 1962, special measures were introduced. From 1963 until August 1964, the duration of regular classes was truncated, emergency courses were initiated, and new living quarters for cadets were added. However, unlike previous wars, the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965 and that of 1971 did not disrupt Academy training or graduation schedules. On 11 February 1971, William G Westmoreland, Chief of Staff, United States Army, visited the academy.[33]

In 1976, the four battalions of the academy were renamed after Field Marshal Kodandera Madappa Cariappa, General Kodandera Subayya Thimayya, Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw and Lieutenant General Premindra Singh Bhagat, with two companies each. On 15 December 1976, then President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed presented new colours to the academy.[34] In the 1970s, the Army Cadet College (ACC) was shifted from Pune to Dehradun, becoming a wing of IMA. In 2006, the ACC was merged into IMA as the fifth battalion, the Siachen Battalion.[35][36]

By 1 October 2019, the 87th Raising Day, the number of GCs to have graduated from IMA stood at 61,762, including foreign alumni from 33 friendly countries.[37] Foreign countries included Angola, Afghanistan, Bhutan, Myanmar, Ghana, Iraq, Jamaica, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Malaysia, Nepal, Nigeria, Palestine, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Tonga, Uganda, Yemen and Zambia.[38]

Campus edit

The academy is in the Doon Valley (Dronacharya Ashram),[c][39] Uttarakhand. National Highway 72, the Dehradun–Chakrata Road, separates the North and South Campus.[40] The campus of the academy covers an area of 1,400 acres (5.7 km2).[41][42] The Chetwode Hall on the drill square, built in 1930, houses the administrative headquarters of IMA and is also the hub of academic training. It has lecture halls, computer labs and a cafe. On the opposite side of the drill square is the Khetarpal Auditorium. Opened in 1982, it has a seating capacity of over 1,500.[43] A newer wing of the Chetwode building, added in 1938, houses the central library. It has over 100,000 volumes and subscriptions to hundreds of periodicals from across the world, in addition to multimedia sections. In addition, there are two branch libraries closer to the cadet barracks across the campus.[44][45]

The IMA museum on the campus displays artifacts of historic importance such as the pistol of Lieutenant General Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi of the Pakistan Army, given upon his surrender to Lt. Gen Jagjit Singh Aurora after signing the instrument of surrender to end the Bangladesh liberation war of 1971.[46] A captured Pakistan Army Patton tank is also on the grounds.[47]

Athletic facilities edit

The South Campus of IMA includes facilities such as the Somnath Stadium, with a seating capacity of 3,000, the Salaria Aquatic Centre, consisting of an Olympic sized swimming pool,[43] and the Hoshiar Singh Gymnasium.[48] The North Campus includes the polo ground along the Tons River. Tons Valley to the northwest of the campus is used for para-dropping, para-gliding, skydiving and battle training.[49] Other facilities include stables with a stud farm,[50] a small arms shooting range, and épée fencing from the modern pentathlon.[51]

War Memorial edit

 
The Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, signing the visitors' book at the War Memorial in Indian Military Academy.

The IMA War Memorial commemorates the alumni of the academy who died in action. At the sanctum sanctorum of the memorial is a bronze statue of a gentleman cadet with a sword presenting arms.[52] The memorial was inaugurated by Field Marshal Manekshaw on 17 November 1999, shortly after the conclusion of the Kargil War.[53] IMA officers led and fought in the war, with some of them becoming household names in India for their gallantry. Among their ranks were two Param Vir Chakra recipients and eight Maha Vir Chakra recipients.[44] In 2017, Lieutenant Ummer Fayaz Parray was the 847th name to be engraved on the War Memorial.[54]

Gentleman cadet life edit

There are various modes of entry into IMA, which include: on graduation from National Defence Academy, on graduation from Army Cadet College (a wing of IMA itself), direct entry through the Combined Defence Services Examination followed by SSB exams, and technical entry under university and college schemes.[55][56] While those who gain entry into IMA go on to become permanently commissioned officers, those who go to the other officer training academies such as Officer Training Academy, Chennai are trained for short service commission.[57][56] Depending on entry criteria married or unmarried male candidates are allowed to voluntarily apply for the course.[58] Lady Cadets are not inducted into the Indian Army through IMA, though there has been talk of the same.[59][60] IMA has a sanctioned capacity of 1,650.[61]

A trainee on admission to IMA is referred to as a gentleman cadet (GC). One reason for this is that the academy expects its graduates to uphold the highest moral and ethical values. Inscribed in the oak paneling at the eastern entrance of the Chetwode Hall is the academy's credo, excerpted from the speech of Field Marshal Chetwode at the inauguration of the academy in 1932:[13][62]

The safety, honour and welfare of your country come first, always and every time.
The honour, welfare and comfort of the men you command come next.
Your own ease, comfort and safety come last, always and every time.

— Field Marshal Philip Chetwode[d]

The freshman GCs hail from diverse backgrounds from all parts of India.[47] The training is action-filled, intense, diverse, and fast.[47][64] Significant emphasis is placed on self discipline.[63] The official website of the Indian Army describes the training as "a test of one's mettle and capabilities, and in psychological terms a foretaste of what the trainees would face in the battlefield".[64] On passing out GCs are permanently commissioned into the Army as Lieutenants.[65][66]

 
IMA and AFA during the Sabhiki Cup-2016, a sports meet for trainees of five premier officer training academies of the Army, Navy and Air force.

The IMA is not merely a training establishment where one was trained to be an officer, but a source of continuous inspiration for its alumni.

(Singh 2007, p. 8)

Organization edit

IMA cadets are organized as a regiment with four training battalions, of four companies each. There were sixteen companies in 2013. Battalions are named after generals of the Indian Army (except for Siachen Battalion), while companies are named after battles in which the Army has participated.[30]

Training edit

Technical graduates, ex-NDA, ex-ACC and university entry cadets undergo training at IMA for one year. Direct entry cadets train for one and a half years.[67] A gentleman cadet gets a stipend of ₹56,100 (equivalent to ₹66,000 or US$830 in 2023) per month for the duration of the course (as per the 7th pay commission).[68]

IMA's mission is to train future military leaders of the Indian Army. Physical training, drills, weapons training and leadership development form the focus of the training.[67] Character building is embedded in the honour code of IMA "I shall not lie, steal or cheat, nor tolerate those who do so".[67] From the honour code came the adoption of "The Gentleman Cadet's Resolve" and in turn the Credo, Honour Code and Resolve became the academy Trishul for conduct of cadets.[69] The "Warrior Code" of IMA which has been adopted from the "Bhagwat Gita", the punch line of it being "I am a Warrior, fighting is my dharma;" also talks of compassion.[67][54]

Training is broadly categorised into character building, service subjects and academic subjects. Service subjects give basic military knowledge up to the standard required for an infantry platoon commander.[70] Academic subjects provide the cadet with a general education so as to enable a basic knowledge in professional subjects as well as enable cadets to clearly express themselves both verbally and in writing.[70] In the early 1970s the service subjects to academic subjects ratio was 16:9 (64% service to 36% academic); this ratio was enhanced for technical graduates to a ratio of 83% service subjects and 27% academic subjects.[71] Over time this ratio varied as per regular course entry or technical entry, and changed as terms were increased or decreased.[72]

 
Physical endurance training for GCs

Weapon training includes the close quarter battle range, the location of miss and hit target system,[e] jungle lane shooting[f] and the team battle shooting range.[67] The curriculum is reviewed from time to time and adapted to whatever the current situation the country is in. Cadets are also put in roles where they need to think like the enemy such as in Exercise Chindit where some GCs are asked to act as terrorists while others have to capture them.[75] They are trained in various forms of warfare, including conventional war, proxy war, low intensity conflict, and counter-insurgency.[76] An integral part of the training are the ustads or instructors numbering about 200. The ustads are responsible for aspects of training including drills, weapons training and field craft.[77]

Games and sports include cross country, hockey, basketball, polo, athletics, football, aquatics, volleyball and boxing. There is also an annual sports meet with other military academies in India. Adventure activities undertaken at the academy include trekking, cycling, and rock climbing.[67] In 1997 a cadet died during a boxing session.[78] In 2007 a cadet died in a grenade blast.[79] In 2009 a cadet died by drowning.[80] Between 2017 and 2019, three cadets died during training.[81] Two cadets died of exhaustion during a 10 km run,[82][83] while a third died after slipping into a gorge during a night navigation exercise.[84] The academy requires that cadets get insurance against death and disability during training.[85][86]

Passing out parade edit

 
The President, Pratibha Devisingh Patil, reviewing the passing Out Parade at IMA in 2011

One of the most well known traditions in the IMA is the passing out parade (POP). Before the cadets begin the POP, the band plays an aarti, allowing the cadets to pray to their respective gods.[87] Traditionally, the adjutant leads the parade.[87] In 2019, the reviewing officer for the 136th parade was Lt. Gen. Cherish Mathson.[88] IMA has adopted a song penned by Javed Akhtar for its POPs — Bharat mata teri kasam, tere rakshak rahenge hum (transl. Mother India, I swear on you. I will be your protector).[89]

During the POP, a civilian dignitary may also make a speech, as was the case during the passing out parade in 1962 when the President Dr. Sarvepalli. Radhakrishnan addressed the cadets,[90] and in 2007 when the Prime Minister Manmohan Singh did so.[91] In 1982, during the golden jubilee, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi inspected the POP while in 1992, the President R. Venkataraman reviewed the diamond jubilee POP (winter term).[92] In 2006, President APJ Abdul Kalam was the reviewing officer at the POP.[93]

 
Newly commissioned officers after the passing out parade in 2006 doing celebratory pushups.

The finale is the antim pag (final step), where cadets take the last step into Chetwode Hall.[94] However the POP on 11 June 1961 was called off without the final step due to weather, the only instance where this has happened for a passing out batch.[95] The tradition of cap-flinging during the passing out parade has a long past but it was replaced by the cadets doing celebratory pushups.[96][97] The passing out also consists of traditions such as presentation of a "Sword of Honour" to the best GC.[98] Notable recipients of the Sword of Honour include the first Chief of Defence Staff Bipin Rawat (in 1978) and the Olympian and union minister Col. Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore (in 1990).[99][100]

Notable alumni edit

Over 61,000 GCs have graduated from IMA.[37] IMA alumni have led and fought in every conflict in which the Indian Army has served. Numerous alumni have earned laurels, died in action and been honoured with gallantry awards. As of 2016, alumni from the academy were recipients of 7 Param Vir Chakras, 17 Ashoka Chakras, 84 Maha Vir Chakras and 257 Vir Chakras.[19] Alumni were also recipients of 2 Sarvattam Yudh Seva Medals, 28 Uttam Yudh Seva Medals, 48 Kirti Chakras and 191 Shaurya Chakras.[101][102] Battle casualties[g] from the academy total 817 alumni.[102][103]

In 1941, during World War II, then 2nd Lieutenant Premindra Singh Bhagat was awarded the Victoria Cross.[104] Captain Mateen Ahmed Ansari and Captain Sartaj Singh were awarded the George Cross and George Medal respectively.[105] Lt. Siri Kanth Korla was awarded the Distinguished Service Order and the Military Cross both.[106] 73 Military Crosses were awarded to IMA alumni during that war and over 200 alumni were killed in action.[107] Lt. Gen. Kashmir Singh Katoch, a Padma Bhushan recipient and the military advisor to Hari Singh, the erstwhile ruler of the princely state of Kashmir, completed his military training from IMA in 1936.[108]

During the Kargil War of 1999, the Maha Vir Chakra was awarded posthumously to Academy alumni Major Rajesh Singh Adhikari, Major Vivek Gupta, Captain Anuj Nayyar, Captain Neikezhakuo Kenguruse. Lieutenant Balwan Singh,Major Padamapani Acharya and Major Sonum Wangchuk were also awarded the Maha Vir Chakra they were from OTA.[109] Lt. Triveni Singh was posthumously awarded the Ashok Chakra Award.[110]

Alumni who have been honoured with the Param Vir Chakra include Major Somnath Sharma (posthumous), Captain Gurbachan Singh Salaria (posthumous), Lieutenant Colonel Hoshiar Singh, 2nd Lieutenant Arun Khetarpal (posthumous), Captain Vikram Batra (posthumous), and Captain Manoj Kumar Pandey (posthumous).[111]

Sam Manekshaw, an alumnus of IMA, was the first Indian to become a Field Marshal. Other graduates of IMA include the current Chief of Army Staff (COAS) and a number of past COASs including General Bipin Rawat,[112] General Vijay Kumar Singh,[113] General Bikram Singh,[114] General Deepak Kapoor[115] and General Sunith Francis Rodrigues.[116] A number of Vice Chief of Army Staff are also alumni of IMA such as Lt. Gen. Philip Campose[117] and Lt. Gen. Sarath Chand.[118][119] Lt. Gen. Z.C. Bakshi (PVSM, MVC, VrC, VSM), an alumnus of IMA, was "India's most decorated General".[120] Lt. Gen. Harbakhsh Singh, a 1933 batch GC of IMA, also a Japanese POW for three years, was the Western Army Commander during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.[121][122] Numerous GOC-in-C have passed out from IMA such as Lt. Gen. Alok Singh Kler, the current GOC-in-C of the South Western Command (Sapta Shakti Command).[123]

The academy has produced Olympians such as Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore, a 1990 Sword of Honour recipient,[99] who won a silver medal at the 2004 Athens Olympic Games and went on to become the sports minister;[100] Colonel Balbir Singh Kular scored three goals in hockey during the 1968 Olympics and was captain of the Indian team in the 1971 World Cup; Lt. Col. Haripal Kaushik and Lt. Col. Ali Iqtidar Shah Dara were also hockey players who won gold medals in the Olympics.[102] IMA alumni who have received India's highest award for sports, the Arjuna Award, include Major General Mohammed Amin Naik for his achievements in rowing and Brigadier Raj Manchanda for his achievements in squash among others.[124] Lt. Col. Satyendra Verma carried out the first base jump in the country.[124][125] Major D. P. Singh is India's first blade runner.[126] Many alumni have conquered peaks such as Mount Everest.[102]

Alumni from British Indian Army assigned to Bangladesh, Myanmar, Pakistan Armys edit

International alumni edit

Some of IMA's International alumni include:


In 2019, foreign cadets taking part in the spring term passing out parade numbered 77 with Afghanistan having the most foreign gentleman cadets graduating, 45 in total.[142] In the POP on 10 December 2005, Penjor Gyeltshen, an officer from the Royal Bhutan Army, became the first foreigner since India's independence to win the Sword of Honour (presented to the best cadet).[143] In 1972, Prince Tu'ipelehake was the first Tongan to attend IMA.[144]

In popular culture edit

 
A commemorative golden jubilee postal stamp of the Indian Military Academy. Visible is the Chetwode Building, built in 1930 and designed by Robert Tor Russell.[52]

The 2004 Bollywood film Lakshya is partly shot in IMA as well as the Tamil film Vaaranam Aayiram.[46] In 2015 Tanushree Podder penned a novel called On The Double: Drills, Drama, and Dare-Devilry at the Indian Military Academy, a fictional portrayal of a gentleman cadet's life.[145] Making of a Warrior, a documentary by Dipti Bhalla and Kunal Verma, provides an inside look at IMA's culture, traditions and training regime.[146][147]

See also edit

Notes and references edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ Founding date
  2. ^ The Pioneers also included Agha Abdul Hamid Khan, D Ranjit Rai, Mirza Hamid Hussain, Mohammad Habibullah Khattak, Melville de Mellow, Pritam Singh, Mohammad Zaman Khan and Mohan Singh.[15]
  3. ^ As legend goes, Dehradun was the site of the academy of Dronacharya, where the Pandavas, Kauravas and other princes trained.[14]
  4. ^ A shorter version of this is used as the academy's credo – "Your country first, the men you command next, and yourself last".[63]
  5. ^ The location of miss and hit system provides real time feedback to a shooter of the precise location of the round as it passes through/by the target. It can be integrated into a standard army range.[73]
  6. ^ A jungle lane is a trail in a forested area with targets hung at different places. Targets are to be engaged by one or more members of the team, even if that member isn't the closest to the target. Another version of this is the "shoot house" which takes place inside a building. Sometimes jungle lane and shoot houses are combined.[74]
  7. ^ Battle casualty is the official term used by the Government of India for a soldier killed in action.[103]
  8. ^ Captain Tunku Ismail Sultan Ibrahim's father, Ibrahim Ismail of Johor, and grandfather, Iskandar of Johor, had also trained at IMA.[139]

References edit

  1. ^ a b Singh 2007, p. 86.
  2. ^ Singh 2007, p. 86, 148.
  3. ^ Sharma 1996, p. 55-59.
  4. ^ Singh 2007, p. 4.
  5. ^ a b Singh 2007, p. xi – xv, Preface.
  6. ^ Singh 2007, p. xi.
  7. ^ Singh 2007, p. xv.
  8. ^ Singh, Bikram; Mishra, Sidharth (1997). Where Gallantry is Tradition: Saga of Rashtriya Indian Military College : Plantinum Jubilee Volume, 1997. Allied Publishers. ISBN 9788170236498.
  9. ^ "About Us". Rashtriya Indian Military College. from the original on 26 July 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2019.
  10. ^ Singh 2005, p. 186.
  11. ^ a b Chopra, Jaskiran (30 July 2018). . The Pioneer. Archived from the original on 28 July 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  12. ^ Sharma 1996, p. 135.
  13. ^ a b Chetwode, Philip (Spring 2012). (PDF). Scholar Warrior. Centre for Land Warfare Studies: 150–153. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 June 2017.
  14. ^ a b Chopra, Jaskiran (22 September 2017). . The Pioneer. Archived from the original on 28 July 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  15. ^ Singh 2005, p. 224.
  16. ^ a b Dun, Gen Smith. (PDF). Cornell University Southeast Asia Program. p. 12. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2019.
  17. ^ "Careers in the Army: How you can sign up". Rediff. 21 April 2008. from the original on 5 August 2019. Retrieved 5 August 2019.
  18. ^ "Beginning to Independence". Indian Army. from the original on 26 June 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
  19. ^ a b c . Indian Army. Retrieved from the original on 25 September 2019.
  20. ^ "IMA History – Beginning to Independence". Indian Army. from the original on 13 October 2019. Retrieved 28 July 2019.
  21. ^ Roy, Kaushik; Rand, Gavin, eds. (25 August 2017). Culture, Conflict and the Military in Colonial South Asia (1 ed.). Routledge India. p. 15. doi:10.4324/9781315099910. ISBN 978-1-315-09991-0.
  22. ^ Singh 2007, p. 52.
  23. ^ Singh 2007, p. 51.
  24. ^ ANI (21 December 2017). "IMA first batch celebrates Platinum Jubilee in Delhi". Business Standard India. from the original on 4 August 2019. Retrieved 4 August 2019.
  25. ^ . Indian Army. Archived from the original on 3 August 2019. Retrieved 3 August 2019.
  26. ^ Deka, Kaushik (21 August 2017). "National Defence Academy: Steel in our spine". India Today. from the original on 4 August 2019. Retrieved 4 August 2019.
  27. ^ . Archived from the original on 19 April 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2012.
  28. ^ Khanduri, Chandra B. (1969). Thimayya:An Amazing Life. New Delhi: Centre for Armed Historical Research, United Service Institution of India, New Delhi through Knowledge World. p. 151. ISBN 81-87966-36-X. from the original on 6 January 2016. Retrieved 6 August 2010.
  29. ^ . National Defence Academy. Archived from the original on 19 April 2012.
  30. ^ a b Indian Military Academy. . Archived from the original on 5 August 2019.
  31. ^ Singh 2007, p. 90.
  32. ^ Singh 2007, p. 110.
  33. ^ Singh 2007, p. 150.
  34. ^ Varma, Ashali (27 June 2014). The Victoria Cross: A Love Story: The life of Lt Gen P S Bhagat PVSM, VC: World War II Hero and author of the Henderson Brooks/Bhagat Report on the India-China War. Ashali Varma. ISBN 9788192855196.
  35. ^ . Ministry of Defence, Sainik Samachar. Archived from the original on 16 December 2009. Retrieved 4 August 2019.
  36. ^ . Indian Army. Archived from the original on 4 August 2019. Retrieved 4 August 2019.
  37. ^ a b . The Pioneer. 2 October 2019. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
  38. ^ . Indian Army. Archived from the original on 6 October 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2019.
  39. ^ Singh 2007, p. 201.
  40. ^ "Rajnath announces two underpasses at IMA". The Pioneer. 8 December 2009. Retrieved 31 March 2020.
  41. ^ Singh 2007, p. 143.
  42. ^ Rawat, Rachna Bisht (15 October 2017). Shoot, Dive, Fly: Stories of Grit and Adventure from The Indian Army. Penguin Random House India Private Limited. ISBN 978-93-86651-69-3.
  43. ^ a b Singh 2007, p. 144.
  44. ^ a b "IMA Campus and Landmarks" (PDF). Indian Army. (PDF) from the original on 4 August 2019. Retrieved 4 August 2019.
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Bibliography edit

  • Singh, Brigadier M. P. (2007). History of the Indian Military Academy. Ludhiana: Unistar Books. ISBN 9788189899561.
  • Singh, Vijay Kumar (2005), Leadership in the Indian Army: Biographies of Twelve Soldiers, SAGE Publications, ISBN 978-0-7619-3322-9
  • Sharma, Gautam (1996). Nationalisation of the Indian Army, 1885–1947. New Delhi: Allied Publishers Limited. ISBN 8170235553.
  • Naravane, Maj Gen. A. S. (2004). "Chapter 3 – Life at the Indian Military Academy". A Soldier's Life in War and Peace. New Delhi: A. P. H. Publishing Corporation. ISBN 8176484377.

Further reading edit

  • Sinha, B. P. N. (1992). Valour and Wisdom: Genesis and Growth of the Indian Military Academy. University of California: Oxford & IBH Publishing Company. ISBN 9788120406780.
  • Wright, Charles (2002). Service Before Self: A Tribute to the Indian Military Academy. Raby Books. ISBN 9781844100064.
  • Singh, Arvindar (2011). Myths and Realities of Security & Public Affairs. New Delhi: Ocean Book Pvt. Ltd. pp. 26–31. ISBN 9788184301120.
  • Dutta, Vipul (2017). "War and Indian military institutions: The emergence of the Indian Military Academy". In Roy, Kaushik; Rand, Gavin (eds.). Culture, Conflict and the Military in Colonial South Asia. Routledge India. pp. Chapter 10. doi:10.4324/9781315099910. ISBN 9781315099910.
 
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January 31, 2024
indian, military, academy, oldest, military, academies, india, trains, officers, indian, army, located, dehradun, uttarakhand, established, 1932, following, recommendation, military, committee, under, chairmanship, general, later, field, marshal, philip, chetw. The Indian Military Academy IMA is one of the oldest military academies in India and trains officers for the Indian Army Located in Dehradun Uttarakhand it was established in 1932 following a recommendation by a military committee set up under the chairmanship of General later Field Marshal Sir Philip Chetwode From a class of 40 male cadets in 1932 IMA now has a sanctioned capacity of 1 650 Cadets undergo a training course varying between 3 and 16 months depending on entry criteria On completion of the course at IMA cadets are permanently commissioned into the army as Lieutenants Indian Military Academyभ रत य स न य अक दम The main ground of IMA with Chetwode Hall and the drill square visible Former nameArmed Forces AcademyMottoव रत और व व क Veerta aur Vivek 1 Motto in EnglishValour and Wisdom 1 TypeMilitary AcademyEstablished10 December 1932 91 years ago 10 December 1932 CommandantLt General Vijay Kumar Mishra AVSMStudents1 650LocationDehradun Uttarakhand India30 19 55 N 77 58 51 E 30 3320 N 77 9809 E 30 3320 77 9809Campus1 400 acres 570 ha LogoLogo of IMA The colours are the academy colours blood and steel The motto Veerta aur Vivek Valour and Wisdom is inscribed on the crest below 2 ColoursBlood red and steel grey The academy spread over 1 400 acres 5 7 km2 houses the Chetwode Hall Khetarpal Auditorium Somnath Stadium Salaria Aquatic Centre Hoshiar Singh Gymnasium and other facilities that facilitate the training of cadets Cadets in IMA are organized into a regiment with four battalions of four companies each The academy s mission to train future military leaders of the Indian Army goes hand in hand with the character building enshrined in the IMA honour code warrior code and motto Cadets take part in a variety of sports adventure activities physical training drills weapons training and leadership development activities The academy s alumni include six recipients of India s highest military decoration the Param Vir Chakra Other achievements by alumni include 73 Military Crosses 17 Ashoka Chakras 84 Maha Vir Chakras and 41 Kirti Chakras In 2017 Lieutenant Ummer Fayaz Parray was the 847th name to be engraved on the IMA War Memorial which honours alumni of the academy who have fallen in the course of action Up to 1 October 2019 the 87th Raising Day a over 61 000 gentleman cadets had graduated and over 3 000 foreign cadets from over 30 other states including Afghanistan Singapore Zambia and Malaysia had attended IMA for pre commission training Alumni have gone on to become Chief and Vice Chief of Army Staff Olympians and politicians Foreign alumni have also done well in their countries going on to becomes chiefs of their respective militaries prime ministers presidents and politicians Contents 1 History 1 1 Demands for an Indian military training academy 1 2 Inauguration to Independence 1 3 Post Independence 2 Campus 2 1 Athletic facilities 2 2 War Memorial 3 Gentleman cadet life 3 1 Organization 3 2 Training 3 3 Passing out parade 4 Notable alumni 4 1 Alumni from British Indian Army assigned to Bangladesh Myanmar Pakistan Armys 4 2 International alumni 5 In popular culture 6 See also 7 Notes and references 7 1 Notes 7 2 References 7 3 Bibliography 8 Further readingHistory editDemands for an Indian military training academy edit nbsp Aerial view of the academy in 1932 During the Indian independence movement Indian leaders recognised the need for a local military institution to meet the needs of an armed force loyal to sovereign India 3 4 The Indianisation of the officer cadre of the army began in 1901 but it was only for the elite and after training they were not allowed into the regular army 5 The British Raj was reluctant to commission Indian officers or permit local officer training 6 In 1905 natives could officer only Indian troops and by rank were not equal to commissioned British officers Up to the outbreak of the First World War the highest rank to which a native soldier of India could rise was Subedar a rank lower than the lowermost officer rank of Subaltern 5 But following the Indian military performance in the First World War the Montagu Chelmsford Reforms facilitated the officer training of 10 Indian commissioned officers at the Royal Military College Sandhurst 7 In 1922 the Prince of Wales Royal Indian Military College now known as the Rashtriya Indian Military College or just RIMC was set up in Dehradun to prepare young Indians for admission to Sandhurst 8 9 The Indianisation of the Army started with the commissioning of 31 Indian officers Among this first batch of officers to be commissioned was Sam Hormusji Framji Jamshedji Manekshaw who became the Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army in 1969 and later the first Indian Field Marshal 10 Despite demands from the Indian officers the British resisted expansion of the Indian officer cadre Indian leaders pressed the issue at the first Round Table Conference in 1930 The establishment of an Indian officer training college was one of the few concessions made at the conference The Indian Military College Committee set up under the chairmanship of General Sir Philip Chetwode in 1931 recommended the establishment of an Indian Military Academy in Dehradun to produce forty commissioned officers twice a year following two and a half years of training 11 12 nbsp Then General Sir Philip Chetwode He was promoted Field Marshal in February 1933 Inauguration to Independence edit The Government of India transferred the former property of the Railway Staff College of the Indian Railways with its 206 acre campus and associated infrastructure to the Indian Military Academy Brigadier L P Collins was appointed the first Commandant and the first batch of 40 gentleman cadets GC as IMA trainees are known began their training on 1 October 1932 The institute was inaugurated on 10 December 1932 by General Sir Philip Chetwode 7th Bt 11 13 Chetwode was promoted to being a Field Marshal the following year in February 1933 In 1934 before the first batch had passed out Viceroy Lord Willingdon presented the first colours to the academy on behalf of King George V The first batch of cadets to graduate the academy graduating in December 1934 now known as the Pioneers included Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw 14 General Muhammad Musa and General Smith Dun who became the Army Chiefs of India Pakistan and Burma respectively b 16 17 General Dun graduated at the top of his class at IMA and also commanded the passing out parade for the first course 18 The second third fourth and fifth batches were called respectively Immortals Invincible Stalwarts and Bahadurs 19 The cadets came to the Academy from all parts of India as it was prior to the independence and partition of India in 1947 There were Punjabi Hindus and Mussalmans Sikhs Bengalis Marathas Madrasis Coorgies But we worked and lived as one namely Indians first I have emphasised it because even today as far as the armed forces are concerned the concept has not changed and is implemented in practice Maj Gen A S Naravane Retd joined IMA on 29 January 1936 Naravane 2004 p 11 Through the first 16 regular courses that passed out of the academy until May 1941 524 officers were commissioned But the outbreak of the Second World War resulted in an unprecedented increase in the number of entrants a temporary reduction in the training period to six months and an expansion of the campus A total of 3 887 officers were commissioned between August 1941 and January 1946 including 710 British officers for the British Army The academy reverted to its original two and a half year course of training at the end of the war 20 During the final years before Independence the academy navigated the role of training officers for both colonial and postcolonial armies 21 Post Independence edit Following the Independence of India in August 1947 and the subsequent partition into Pakistan a number of British officers who were trainers in the academy left for Britain while Pakistani cadets left for Pakistan 22 A total of 110 Pakistani cadets then continued their training at Pakistan Military Academy Kakul 23 24 Brigadier Thakur Mahadeo Singh DSO was appointed the first Indian Commandant of the academy 25 The 189 GCs who graduated on 20 December 1947 were the first class from IMA to be commissioned into a free India 19 In late 1947 the Chiefs of Staff of the Indian Armed Forces following the recommendation of a 1946 committee headed by Field Marshal Sir Claude Auchinleck decided to initiate an action plan to commission a new Joint Services training academy In the interim they decided to conduct Joint Services training at IMA 26 The academy was renamed the Armed Forces Academy and a new Joint Services Wing JSW was commissioned on 1 January 1949 while training of Army officers continued in the Military Wing 27 28 The academy was renamed as the National Defence Academy NDA on 1 January 1950 ahead of India becoming a Republic In December 1954 when the new Joint Services training academy was established in Khadakwasla near Pune the NDA name along with the Joint Services Wing was transferred to Khadakwasla 29 The academy in Dehradun was then rechristened as the Military College 30 Brigadier M M Khanna MVC was the first IMA alumni to be appointed Commandant of IMA at the end of 1956 31 In 1960 the founding name Indian Military Academy was reinstated On 10 December 1962 on the 30th anniversary of the academy s inauguration the second President of India Dr Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan presented new colours to the academy 32 After the Sino Indian War of 1962 special measures were introduced From 1963 until August 1964 the duration of regular classes was truncated emergency courses were initiated and new living quarters for cadets were added However unlike previous wars the Indo Pakistan War of 1965 and that of 1971 did not disrupt Academy training or graduation schedules On 11 February 1971 William G Westmoreland Chief of Staff United States Army visited the academy 33 In 1976 the four battalions of the academy were renamed after Field Marshal Kodandera Madappa Cariappa General Kodandera Subayya Thimayya Field Marshal Sam Manekshaw and Lieutenant General Premindra Singh Bhagat with two companies each On 15 December 1976 then President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed presented new colours to the academy 34 In the 1970s the Army Cadet College ACC was shifted from Pune to Dehradun becoming a wing of IMA In 2006 the ACC was merged into IMA as the fifth battalion the Siachen Battalion 35 36 By 1 October 2019 the 87th Raising Day the number of GCs to have graduated from IMA stood at 61 762 including foreign alumni from 33 friendly countries 37 Foreign countries included Angola Afghanistan Bhutan Myanmar Ghana Iraq Jamaica Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Malaysia Nepal Nigeria Palestine Philippines Singapore Sri Lanka Tajikistan Tanzania Tonga Uganda Yemen and Zambia 38 Campus editThe academy is in the Doon Valley Dronacharya Ashram c 39 Uttarakhand National Highway 72 the Dehradun Chakrata Road separates the North and South Campus 40 The campus of the academy covers an area of 1 400 acres 5 7 km2 41 42 The Chetwode Hall on the drill square built in 1930 houses the administrative headquarters of IMA and is also the hub of academic training It has lecture halls computer labs and a cafe On the opposite side of the drill square is the Khetarpal Auditorium Opened in 1982 it has a seating capacity of over 1 500 43 A newer wing of the Chetwode building added in 1938 houses the central library It has over 100 000 volumes and subscriptions to hundreds of periodicals from across the world in addition to multimedia sections In addition there are two branch libraries closer to the cadet barracks across the campus 44 45 The IMA museum on the campus displays artifacts of historic importance such as the pistol of Lieutenant General Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi of the Pakistan Army given upon his surrender to Lt Gen Jagjit Singh Aurora after signing the instrument of surrender to end the Bangladesh liberation war of 1971 46 A captured Pakistan Army Patton tank is also on the grounds 47 Athletic facilities edit The South Campus of IMA includes facilities such as the Somnath Stadium with a seating capacity of 3 000 the Salaria Aquatic Centre consisting of an Olympic sized swimming pool 43 and the Hoshiar Singh Gymnasium 48 The North Campus includes the polo ground along the Tons River Tons Valley to the northwest of the campus is used for para dropping para gliding skydiving and battle training 49 Other facilities include stables with a stud farm 50 a small arms shooting range and epee fencing from the modern pentathlon 51 War Memorial edit nbsp The Prime Minister Narendra Modi signing the visitors book at the War Memorial in Indian Military Academy The IMA War Memorial commemorates the alumni of the academy who died in action At the sanctum sanctorum of the memorial is a bronze statue of a gentleman cadet with a sword presenting arms 52 The memorial was inaugurated by Field Marshal Manekshaw on 17 November 1999 shortly after the conclusion of the Kargil War 53 IMA officers led and fought in the war with some of them becoming household names in India for their gallantry Among their ranks were two Param Vir Chakra recipients and eight Maha Vir Chakra recipients 44 In 2017 Lieutenant Ummer Fayaz Parray was the 847th name to be engraved on the War Memorial 54 Gentleman cadet life editThere are various modes of entry into IMA which include on graduation from National Defence Academy on graduation from Army Cadet College a wing of IMA itself direct entry through the Combined Defence Services Examination followed by SSB exams and technical entry under university and college schemes 55 56 While those who gain entry into IMA go on to become permanently commissioned officers those who go to the other officer training academies such as Officer Training Academy Chennai are trained for short service commission 57 56 Depending on entry criteria married or unmarried male candidates are allowed to voluntarily apply for the course 58 Lady Cadets are not inducted into the Indian Army through IMA though there has been talk of the same 59 60 IMA has a sanctioned capacity of 1 650 61 A trainee on admission to IMA is referred to as a gentleman cadet GC One reason for this is that the academy expects its graduates to uphold the highest moral and ethical values Inscribed in the oak paneling at the eastern entrance of the Chetwode Hall is the academy s credo excerpted from the speech of Field Marshal Chetwode at the inauguration of the academy in 1932 13 62 The safety honour and welfare of your country come first always and every time The honour welfare and comfort of the men you command come next Your own ease comfort and safety come last always and every time Field Marshal Philip Chetwode d The freshman GCs hail from diverse backgrounds from all parts of India 47 The training is action filled intense diverse and fast 47 64 Significant emphasis is placed on self discipline 63 The official website of the Indian Army describes the training as a test of one s mettle and capabilities and in psychological terms a foretaste of what the trainees would face in the battlefield 64 On passing out GCs are permanently commissioned into the Army as Lieutenants 65 66 nbsp IMA and AFA during the Sabhiki Cup 2016 a sports meet for trainees of five premier officer training academies of the Army Navy and Air force The IMA is not merely a training establishment where one was trained to be an officer but a source of continuous inspiration for its alumni Singh 2007 p 8 Organization edit IMA cadets are organized as a regiment with four training battalions of four companies each There were sixteen companies in 2013 Battalions are named after generals of the Indian Army except for Siachen Battalion while companies are named after battles in which the Army has participated 30 Cariappa Battalion Kohima Company Naushera Company Poonch Company Thimayya Battalion Alamein Company Meiktila Company Sangro Company Manekshaw Battalion Imphal Company Zojila Company Jessore Company Bhagat Battalion Sinhgarh Company Keren Company Cassino Company Siachen Battalion Erstwhile Army Cadet CollegeTraining edit Technical graduates ex NDA ex ACC and university entry cadets undergo training at IMA for one year Direct entry cadets train for one and a half years 67 A gentleman cadet gets a stipend of 56 100 equivalent to 66 000 or US 830 in 2023 per month for the duration of the course as per the 7th pay commission 68 IMA s mission is to train future military leaders of the Indian Army Physical training drills weapons training and leadership development form the focus of the training 67 Character building is embedded in the honour code of IMA I shall not lie steal or cheat nor tolerate those who do so 67 From the honour code came the adoption of The Gentleman Cadet s Resolve and in turn the Credo Honour Code and Resolve became the academy Trishul for conduct of cadets 69 The Warrior Code of IMA which has been adopted from the Bhagwat Gita the punch line of it being I am a Warrior fighting is my dharma also talks of compassion 67 54 Training is broadly categorised into character building service subjects and academic subjects Service subjects give basic military knowledge up to the standard required for an infantry platoon commander 70 Academic subjects provide the cadet with a general education so as to enable a basic knowledge in professional subjects as well as enable cadets to clearly express themselves both verbally and in writing 70 In the early 1970s the service subjects to academic subjects ratio was 16 9 64 service to 36 academic this ratio was enhanced for technical graduates to a ratio of 83 service subjects and 27 academic subjects 71 Over time this ratio varied as per regular course entry or technical entry and changed as terms were increased or decreased 72 nbsp Physical endurance training for GCsWeapon training includes the close quarter battle range the location of miss and hit target system e jungle lane shooting f and the team battle shooting range 67 The curriculum is reviewed from time to time and adapted to whatever the current situation the country is in Cadets are also put in roles where they need to think like the enemy such as in Exercise Chindit where some GCs are asked to act as terrorists while others have to capture them 75 They are trained in various forms of warfare including conventional war proxy war low intensity conflict and counter insurgency 76 An integral part of the training are the ustads or instructors numbering about 200 The ustads are responsible for aspects of training including drills weapons training and field craft 77 Games and sports include cross country hockey basketball polo athletics football aquatics volleyball and boxing There is also an annual sports meet with other military academies in India Adventure activities undertaken at the academy include trekking cycling and rock climbing 67 In 1997 a cadet died during a boxing session 78 In 2007 a cadet died in a grenade blast 79 In 2009 a cadet died by drowning 80 Between 2017 and 2019 three cadets died during training 81 Two cadets died of exhaustion during a 10 km run 82 83 while a third died after slipping into a gorge during a night navigation exercise 84 The academy requires that cadets get insurance against death and disability during training 85 86 Passing out parade edit nbsp The President Pratibha Devisingh Patil reviewing the passing Out Parade at IMA in 2011One of the most well known traditions in the IMA is the passing out parade POP Before the cadets begin the POP the band plays an aarti allowing the cadets to pray to their respective gods 87 Traditionally the adjutant leads the parade 87 In 2019 the reviewing officer for the 136th parade was Lt Gen Cherish Mathson 88 IMA has adopted a song penned by Javed Akhtar for its POPs Bharat mata teri kasam tere rakshak rahenge hum transl Mother India I swear on you I will be your protector 89 During the POP a civilian dignitary may also make a speech as was the case during the passing out parade in 1962 when the President Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan addressed the cadets 90 and in 2007 when the Prime Minister Manmohan Singh did so 91 In 1982 during the golden jubilee Prime Minister Indira Gandhi inspected the POP while in 1992 the President R Venkataraman reviewed the diamond jubilee POP winter term 92 In 2006 President APJ Abdul Kalam was the reviewing officer at the POP 93 nbsp Newly commissioned officers after the passing out parade in 2006 doing celebratory pushups The finale is the antim pag final step where cadets take the last step into Chetwode Hall 94 However the POP on 11 June 1961 was called off without the final step due to weather the only instance where this has happened for a passing out batch 95 The tradition of cap flinging during the passing out parade has a long past but it was replaced by the cadets doing celebratory pushups 96 97 The passing out also consists of traditions such as presentation of a Sword of Honour to the best GC 98 Notable recipients of the Sword of Honour include the first Chief of Defence Staff Bipin Rawat in 1978 and the Olympian and union minister Col Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore in 1990 99 100 Notable alumni editOver 61 000 GCs have graduated from IMA 37 IMA alumni have led and fought in every conflict in which the Indian Army has served Numerous alumni have earned laurels died in action and been honoured with gallantry awards As of 2016 alumni from the academy were recipients of 7 Param Vir Chakras 17 Ashoka Chakras 84 Maha Vir Chakras and 257 Vir Chakras 19 Alumni were also recipients of 2 Sarvattam Yudh Seva Medals 28 Uttam Yudh Seva Medals 48 Kirti Chakras and 191 Shaurya Chakras 101 102 Battle casualties g from the academy total 817 alumni 102 103 Notable people nbsp Sam Manekshaw nbsp Somnath Sharma nbsp Gurbachan Singh Salaria nbsp Arun Khetarpal nbsp Vikram Batra nbsp Keishing Clifford NongrumIn 1941 during World War II then 2nd Lieutenant Premindra Singh Bhagat was awarded the Victoria Cross 104 Captain Mateen Ahmed Ansari and Captain Sartaj Singh were awarded the George Cross and George Medal respectively 105 Lt Siri Kanth Korla was awarded the Distinguished Service Order and the Military Cross both 106 73 Military Crosses were awarded to IMA alumni during that war and over 200 alumni were killed in action 107 Lt Gen Kashmir Singh Katoch a Padma Bhushan recipient and the military advisor to Hari Singh the erstwhile ruler of the princely state of Kashmir completed his military training from IMA in 1936 108 During the Kargil War of 1999 the Maha Vir Chakra was awarded posthumously to Academy alumni Major Rajesh Singh Adhikari Major Vivek Gupta Captain Anuj Nayyar Captain Neikezhakuo Kenguruse Lieutenant Balwan Singh Major Padamapani Acharya and Major Sonum Wangchuk were also awarded the Maha Vir Chakra they were from OTA 109 Lt Triveni Singh was posthumously awarded the Ashok Chakra Award 110 Alumni who have been honoured with the Param Vir Chakra include Major Somnath Sharma posthumous Captain Gurbachan Singh Salaria posthumous Lieutenant Colonel Hoshiar Singh 2nd Lieutenant Arun Khetarpal posthumous Captain Vikram Batra posthumous and Captain Manoj Kumar Pandey posthumous 111 Sam Manekshaw an alumnus of IMA was the first Indian to become a Field Marshal Other graduates of IMA include the current Chief of Army Staff COAS and a number of past COASs including General Bipin Rawat 112 General Vijay Kumar Singh 113 General Bikram Singh 114 General Deepak Kapoor 115 and General Sunith Francis Rodrigues 116 A number of Vice Chief of Army Staff are also alumni of IMA such as Lt Gen Philip Campose 117 and Lt Gen Sarath Chand 118 119 Lt Gen Z C Bakshi PVSM MVC VrC VSM an alumnus of IMA was India s most decorated General 120 Lt Gen Harbakhsh Singh a 1933 batch GC of IMA also a Japanese POW for three years was the Western Army Commander during the Indo Pakistani War of 1965 121 122 Numerous GOC in C have passed out from IMA such as Lt Gen Alok Singh Kler the current GOC in C of the South Western Command Sapta Shakti Command 123 The academy has produced Olympians such as Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore a 1990 Sword of Honour recipient 99 who won a silver medal at the 2004 Athens Olympic Games and went on to become the sports minister 100 Colonel Balbir Singh Kular scored three goals in hockey during the 1968 Olympics and was captain of the Indian team in the 1971 World Cup Lt Col Haripal Kaushik and Lt Col Ali Iqtidar Shah Dara were also hockey players who won gold medals in the Olympics 102 IMA alumni who have received India s highest award for sports the Arjuna Award include Major General Mohammed Amin Naik for his achievements in rowing and Brigadier Raj Manchanda for his achievements in squash among others 124 Lt Col Satyendra Verma carried out the first base jump in the country 124 125 Major D P Singh is India s first blade runner 126 Many alumni have conquered peaks such as Mount Everest 102 Alumni from British Indian Army assigned to Bangladesh Myanmar Pakistan Armys edit General M A G Osmani Commander in Chief of the Bangladesh Mukti Bahini 127 Lt General Khwaja Wasiuddin General in Pakistan Army and Bangladesh Army member of Nawab of Dhaka family 128 General Yahya Khan Commander in Chief of Pakistan Army and third President of Pakistan 129 General Muhammad Zia ul Haq Commander in Chief of Pakistan Army and sixth President of Pakistan 130 Lt General Sahabzada Yaqub Khan Pakistan Ambassador to the United States and later the Foreign Minister 131 General Muhammad Musa Khan Commander in Chief of Pakistan Army 132 Lt General Habibullah Khan Khattak Chief of General Staff Pakistan Army 133 Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar Recipient of Nishan i Haider Pakistan Army 134 Major Tufail Mohammad Recipient of Nishan i Haider Pakistan Army 45 135 Maj General Smith Dun Chief of Army Staff Myanmar Army Sword of Honour IMA 16 International alumni edit Some of IMA s International alumni include Tun Hussein Onn third Prime Minister of Malaysia 136 General Ibrahim Ismail Chief of Staff of the Malaysian Armed Forces 137 General Ibrahim Babangida former military president of Nigeria 138 Captain Tunku Ismail Sultan Ibrahim Crown prince of Johor state Malaysia h 139 Sher Mohammad Abbas Stanikzai an Afghan Taliban politician 140 141 Sultan Sallehuddin Sultan of Kedah State MalaysiaIn 2019 foreign cadets taking part in the spring term passing out parade numbered 77 with Afghanistan having the most foreign gentleman cadets graduating 45 in total 142 In the POP on 10 December 2005 Penjor Gyeltshen an officer from the Royal Bhutan Army became the first foreigner since India s independence to win the Sword of Honour presented to the best cadet 143 In 1972 Prince Tu ipelehake was the first Tongan to attend IMA 144 In popular culture edit nbsp A commemorative golden jubilee postal stamp of the Indian Military Academy Visible is the Chetwode Building built in 1930 and designed by Robert Tor Russell 52 The 2004 Bollywood film Lakshya is partly shot in IMA as well as the Tamil film Vaaranam Aayiram 46 In 2015 Tanushree Podder penned a novel called On The Double Drills Drama and Dare Devilry at the Indian Military Academy a fictional portrayal of a gentleman cadet s life 145 Making of a Warrior a documentary by Dipti Bhalla and Kunal Verma provides an inside look at IMA s culture traditions and training regime 146 147 See also editAir Force Academy Dundigal Hyderabad Indian Naval Academy Ezhimala Indian National Defence University Military academies in India Officers Training Academy Chennai National Defence College New Delhi Sainik SchoolNotes and references editNotes edit Founding date The Pioneers also included Agha Abdul Hamid Khan D Ranjit Rai Mirza Hamid Hussain Mohammad Habibullah Khattak Melville de Mellow Pritam Singh Mohammad Zaman Khan and Mohan Singh 15 As legend goes Dehradun was the site of the academy of Dronacharya where the Pandavas Kauravas and other princes trained 14 A shorter version of this is used as the academy s credo Your country first the men you command next and yourself last 63 The location of miss and hit system provides real time feedback to a shooter of the precise location of the round as it passes through by the target It can be integrated into a standard army range 73 A jungle lane is a trail in a forested area with targets hung at different places Targets are to be engaged by one or more members of the team even if that member isn t the closest to the target Another version of this is the shoot house which takes place inside a building Sometimes jungle lane and shoot houses are combined 74 Battle casualty is the official term used by the Government of India for a soldier killed in action 103 Captain Tunku Ismail Sultan Ibrahim s father Ibrahim Ismail of Johor and grandfather Iskandar of Johor had also trained at IMA 139 References edit a b Singh 2007 p 86 Singh 2007 p 86 148 Sharma 1996 p 55 59 Singh 2007 p 4 a b Singh 2007 p xi xv Preface Singh 2007 p xi Singh 2007 p xv Singh Bikram Mishra Sidharth 1997 Where Gallantry is Tradition Saga of Rashtriya Indian Military College Plantinum Jubilee Volume 1997 Allied Publishers ISBN 9788170236498 About Us Rashtriya Indian Military College Archived from the original on 26 July 2019 Retrieved 26 July 2019 Singh 2005 p 186 a b Chopra Jaskiran 30 July 2018 Notes from Dehra Dun July 30 1931 How The Pioneer reported about the beginnings of the IMA The Pioneer Archived from the original on 28 July 2019 Retrieved 28 July 2019 Sharma 1996 p 135 a b Chetwode Philip Spring 2012 Address by Field Marshal Sir Philip Chetwode PDF Scholar Warrior Centre for Land Warfare Studies 150 153 Archived from the original PDF on 12 June 2017 a b Chopra Jaskiran 22 September 2017 How IMA became functional in September 85 long years ago The Pioneer Archived from the original on 28 July 2019 Retrieved 28 July 2019 Singh 2005 p 224 a b Dun Gen Smith Memoirs of the Four Foot Colonel PDF Cornell University Southeast Asia Program p 12 Archived from the original PDF on 28 July 2019 Careers in the Army How you can sign up Rediff 21 April 2008 Archived from the original on 5 August 2019 Retrieved 5 August 2019 Beginning to Independence Indian Army Archived from the original on 26 June 2017 Retrieved 6 August 2019 a b c IMA Heritage Indian Army Retrieved from the original on 25 September 2019 IMA History Beginning to Independence Indian Army Archived from the original on 13 October 2019 Retrieved 28 July 2019 Roy Kaushik Rand Gavin eds 25 August 2017 Culture Conflict and the Military in Colonial South Asia 1 ed Routledge India p 15 doi 10 4324 9781315099910 ISBN 978 1 315 09991 0 Singh 2007 p 52 Singh 2007 p 51 ANI 21 December 2017 IMA first batch celebrates Platinum Jubilee in Delhi Business Standard India Archived from the original on 4 August 2019 Retrieved 4 August 2019 Independence to Silver Jubilee Indian Army Archived from the original on 3 August 2019 Retrieved 3 August 2019 Deka Kaushik 21 August 2017 National Defence Academy Steel in our spine India Today Archived from the original on 4 August 2019 Retrieved 4 August 2019 NDA History Archived from the original on 19 April 2012 Retrieved 13 August 2012 Khanduri Chandra B 1969 Thimayya An Amazing Life New Delhi Centre for Armed Historical Research United Service Institution of India New Delhi through Knowledge World p 151 ISBN 81 87966 36 X Archived from the original on 6 January 2016 Retrieved 6 August 2010 History Of NDA National Defence Academy Archived from the original on 19 April 2012 a b Indian Military Academy Joining Instructions for Gentleman Cadets Indian Army Archived from the original on 5 August 2019 Singh 2007 p 90 Singh 2007 p 110 Singh 2007 p 150 Varma Ashali 27 June 2014 The Victoria Cross A Love Story The life of Lt Gen P S Bhagat PVSM VC World War II Hero and author of the Henderson Brooks Bhagat Report on the India China War Ashali Varma ISBN 9788192855196 ACC Wing A Glimpse Ministry of Defence Sainik Samachar Archived from the original on 16 December 2009 Retrieved 4 August 2019 Siachin Bn ACC Wing Indian Army Archived from the original on 4 August 2019 Retrieved 4 August 2019 a b 87th raising day of IMA celebrated The Pioneer 2 October 2019 Archived from the original on 6 October 2019 Retrieved 6 October 2019 Foreign Cadets Indian Army Archived from the original on 6 October 2019 Retrieved 6 October 2019 Singh 2007 p 201 Rajnath announces two underpasses at IMA The Pioneer 8 December 2009 Retrieved 31 March 2020 Singh 2007 p 143 Rawat Rachna Bisht 15 October 2017 Shoot Dive Fly Stories of Grit and Adventure from The Indian Army Penguin Random House India Private Limited ISBN 978 93 86651 69 3 a b Singh 2007 p 144 a b IMA Campus and Landmarks PDF Indian Army Archived PDF from the original on 4 August 2019 Retrieved 4 August 2019 Important Landmarks and Institutions of the IMA Campus Salute 6 December 2018 Retrieved 4 August 2019 a b Alexander Deepa 18 March 2016 A town called Dehra The Hindu ISSN 0971 751X Archived from the original on 18 March 2016 Retrieved 4 August 2019 a b c Masih Archana 4 June 2016 7 States 6 Days 2 148 km and a journey of a lifetime Rediff Archived from the original on 25 January 2018 Retrieved 16 September 2019 IMA s Chushul Company wins prestigious Colonel Hoshiar Singh PVC Trophy The Pioneer 25 August 2018 Archived from the original on 6 October 2019 Retrieved 25 September 2019 Singh 2007 p 21 202 Singh 2007 p 25 Singh 2007 p 142 a b IMA Campus and Landmarks Indian Army website Retrieved on 20 September 2019 Archived from the original Archived 4 August 2019 at the Wayback Machine on 4 August 2019 Singh 2007 p 211 a b Sujlana Lt Gen R Singh 16 May 2017 Making of a warrior amp the ultimate sacrifice The Tribune Archived from the original on 28 June 2018 Retrieved 22 October 2019 Ministry of Defence Annual Report 2015 16 Archived 25 September 2019 at the Wayback Machine Government of India pg 129 Retrieved on 25 September 2019 a b Permanent Commission Indian Military Academy Dehradun www indianarmy nic in Retrieved 20 February 2020 Recruitment and Training Ministry of Defence Government of India Archived from the original on 20 November 2011 Retrieved 26 November 2011 John Pike India Army Archived from the original on 6 January 2016 Shishir Prashant 21 January 2020 IMA ready to welcome women Business Standard Retrieved 20 February 2020 Dinakar Peri 17 February 2020 SC verdict on permanent commission to women officers The Hindu Retrieved 20 February 2020 Dutta Amrita Nayak 10 December 2019 Army proposal to disband Officers Training Academy in Gaya gets defence ministry nod ThePrint Retrieved 19 March 2020 the officer said adding that the Uttarakhand academy has a capacity of 1 650 Chopra Jaskiran 8 June 2018 Down Memory lane Vignettes of the Indian Military Academy The Pioneer Archived from the original on 4 August 2019 Retrieved 4 August 2019 a b Singh 2007 p 204 a b Life of a GC The Official Home Page of the Indian Army Archived from the original on 3 April 2020 Retrieved 20 September 2019 Recruiting Directorate Website Jul 2020 Join Indian Army 131st Technical Graduate Course TGC 131 Retrieved on 20 March 2020 Archived on 2 November 2019 Pote Amol Ramdas 20 March 2019 Antim Pag Life begins here Notion Press ISBN 978 1 64546 498 3 On successful completion of training Gentlemen Cadets are granted Permanent Commission in the rank of Lieutenant a b c d e f IMA Training PDF Indian Army Archived PDF from the original on 6 October 2019 Retrieved 6 October 2019 Pay And Allowances Of Gentleman Cadet At IMA Dehradun SSBCrack 11 August 2013 Archived from the original on 6 August 2019 Retrieved 6 August 2019 Singh 2007 p 209 211 a b Singh 2007 p 154 Singh 2007 p 155 Singh 2007 p 160 Location of Miss and Hit LOMAH RTLP MCX Range Design Guide PDF U 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IMA cadet in 2 days 5 in hospital The Times of India Retrieved 30 March 2020 Two IMA cadets died despite best treatment Army The Economic Times PTI 11 July 2018 Retrieved 30 March 2020 IMA cadet dies during navigation exercise The Economic Times ANI 7 May 2019 Retrieved 30 March 2020 Tikku Aloke 24 August 2017 Court Of Inquiry Ordered Into Death Of 2 Cadets At Indian Military Academy NDTV Archived from the original on 11 August 2019 Retrieved 16 September 2019 Tuli Manoj 21 August 2017 Demise of Gentleman Cadets at Indian Military Academy Press Information Bureau Retrieved 16 September 2019 a b Jha Prashant 8 June 2019 IMA POP A few beliefs and traditions The Times of India Archived from the original on 30 August 2019 Retrieved 11 August 2019 Jha Prashant 31 May 2019 Lt Gen Cherish Mathson to be reviewing officer of POP The Times of India Archived from the original on 31 August 2019 Retrieved 11 August 2019 Kazmi S M A 2 October 2007 IMA adopts Javed Akhtar s song for passing out 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2019 Retrieved 7 August 2019 a b List of Sword of Honour Recipients Indian Army Archived from the original on 9 October 2018 Retrieved on 17 October 2019 a b Lok Sabha elections 2019 After successful debut MP Rajyavardhan Rathore seeks second innings Hindustan Times 4 April 2019 Archived from the original on 20 September 2019 Retrieved 20 September 2019 Singh 2007 p 245 264 Tallies are till 2007 the date the book was published a b c d Roll of Honour Indian Military Academy Indian Army Archived from the original on 17 October 2019 Retrieved 17 October 2019 a b Ministry of Defence No term like martyr or shaheed in our lexicon Defence home ministries The Times of India 15 December 2019 Archived from the original on 30 March 2019 Retrieved 24 October 2019 Singh 2007 p 242 Appendix H Winners of Pre Independence 1947 Gallantry Awards Singh 2007 p 244 Appendix H Winners of Pre Independence 1947 Gallantry Awards Korla Siri Kanth TracesOfWar com www tracesofwar com Retrieved 21 August 2022 Singh 2007 p 242 244 Appendix H Winners of Pre Independence 1947 Gallantry Awards Brigadier Samir Bhattacharya 19 December 2013 NOTHING BUT Book Three What Price Freedom Partridge Publishing p 30 ISBN 978 1 4828 1625 9 Singh 2007 p 248 Singh 2007 p 210 para 4 Singh 2007 p 207 Lt Gen Bipin Rawat takes over as new Army Commander The Indian Express 2 January 2016 Archived from the original on 24 March 2019 Retrieved 17 October 2019 Mohan Raman 24 January 2010 Bapoda village basks in Gen VK Singh s glory The Tribune Chandigarh Archived from the original on 20 July 2019 Retrieved 3 April 2010 Know your new army chief General Bikram Singh NDTV Sainik Samachar 31 May 2012 Archived from the original on 17 October 2019 Retrieved 17 October 2019 a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint others link Chief of the Army Staff General Deepak Kapoor Indian Army Archived from the original on 26 June 2017 Retrieved 17 October 2019 Chief of the Army Staff General Sunith 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Army Archived from the original on 25 September 2019 Retrieved 25 September 2019 Singh Srijan Pal 25 April 2019 Reignited 2 Emerging Technologies of Tomorrow Penguin Random House India Private Limited ISBN 9789353054953 Extraordinary Indians Major D P Singh India s First Blade Runner Reader s Digest 24 January 2020 Retrieved 3 March 2020 Roy Rajib Kanti 31 August 2018 Lest We Forget The Legacy Of MAG Osmani Dhaka Daily Sun Retrieved 26 October 2019 Wasiuddin Lt General Khwaja Banglapedia Retrieved 21 July 2021 General Yahya Khan Former Army Chief of Pakistan enforcing Martial Law in 1969 Story of Pakistan 26 October 2013 Archived from the original on 8 July 2019 Retrieved 2 October 2019 Muhammad Zia ul Haq www linkedin com Retrieved 8 December 2022 Bangash Yaqood Khan 27 January 2016 Pakistan s prince soldier diplomat statesman Express Tribune Archived from the original on 1 June 2016 Retrieved 6 September 2016 Singh 2007 p 225 Appendix C A Cadets Singh 2007 p 224 Appendix C O Cadets Captain Sarwar Shaheed Pakistan s first ever Nishan e Haider award recipient remembered Pakistan Today newspaper Published 27 July 2016 Retrieved 4 November 2018 Globe Major Tufail Mohammad A Mahmood 2000 Retrieved 6 March 2019 Tun Hussein Onn Biography Perdana Leadership Foundation Archived from the original on 13 April 2019 Retrieved 5 October 2019 Tun Ibrahim Ismail The Daily Telegraph London 26 January 2011 ISSN 0307 1235 OCLC 49632006 Archived from the original on 14 August 2014 Retrieved 20 April 2013 Agbese Dan 2012 Ibrahim Babangida Adonis amp Abbey Publishers Ltd pp 47 48 ISBN 9781912234349 a b Johor Ruler s Grandson Appointed Raja Muda Bernama 8 April 2006 Ahuja Rajesh 28 June 2013 IMA Talib a key figure in Doha talks with US Hindustan Times Retrieved 25 October 2019 Swami Praveen 2 June 2015 Ashraf Ghani slams Pakistan for waging undeclared war The Indian Express Retrieved 25 October 2019 Foreign GCs applaud training standards of IMA The Pioneer 9 June 2019 Archived from the original on 6 August 2019 Retrieved 6 August 2019 June 2006 IMA trains growing number of young foreign army officers India Review Retrieved on 25 September 2019 High Commission of India August 2017 India Tonga Bilateral Relations Archived 9 October 2018 at the Wayback Machine Government of India Retrieved on 25 September 2019 Alexander Deepa 16 November 2015 When the bugle calls The Hindu ISSN 0971 751X Retrieved 31 August 2019 Watch Official Indian Military Academy Documentary SSB Crack Archived from the original on 22 October 2019 Retrieved 22 October 2019 Making of a Warrior IMA Dehradun Dipti Bhalla amp Shiv Kunal Verma YouTube Archived from the original on 10 May 2019 Retrieved 22 October 2019 Bibliography edit Singh Brigadier M P 2007 History of the Indian Military Academy Ludhiana Unistar Books ISBN 9788189899561 Singh Vijay Kumar 2005 Leadership in the Indian Army Biographies of Twelve Soldiers SAGE Publications ISBN 978 0 7619 3322 9 Sharma Gautam 1996 Nationalisation of the Indian Army 1885 1947 New Delhi Allied Publishers Limited ISBN 8170235553 Naravane Maj Gen A S 2004 Chapter 3 Life at the Indian Military Academy A Soldier s Life in War and Peace New Delhi A P H Publishing Corporation ISBN 8176484377 Further reading editSinha B P N 1992 Valour and Wisdom Genesis and Growth of the Indian Military Academy University of California Oxford amp IBH Publishing Company ISBN 9788120406780 Wright Charles 2002 Service Before Self A Tribute to the Indian Military Academy Raby Books ISBN 9781844100064 Singh Arvindar 2011 Myths and Realities of Security amp Public Affairs New Delhi Ocean Book Pvt Ltd pp 26 31 ISBN 9788184301120 Dutta Vipul 2017 War and Indian military institutions The emergence of the Indian Military Academy In Roy Kaushik Rand Gavin eds Culture Conflict and the Military in Colonial South Asia Routledge India pp Chapter 10 doi 10 4324 9781315099910 ISBN 9781315099910 nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Indian Military Academy Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Indian Military Academy amp oldid 1177318554, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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