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Hopscotch

Hopscotch is a popular playground game in which players toss a small object, called a lagger,[1][2] into numbered triangles or a pattern of rectangles outlined on the ground and then hop or jump through the spaces and retrieve the object.[3] It is a children's game that can be played with several players or alone. Hopscotch is a physical and cognitive workout.[4][5][6]

Primary schoolchildren playing hopscotch in Cuba, where the game is known as pon
Moves in a Hungarian hopscotch (the black dot being the stone, cast and retrieved)

Court and rules

 
Marelle (French)
schoolyard court
Hopscotch courts, c. 1900 [7]
 
English
 
English (simple)
 
American

The court

To play hopscotch, a court is first laid out on the ground. Depending on the available surface, the court is either scratched out in the dirt or drawn with chalk on pavement. Courts may be permanently marked where playgrounds are commonly paved, as in elementary schools. Designs vary, but the court is usually composed of a series of linear squares interspersed with blocks of two lateral squares. Traditionally the court ends with a "safe" or "home" base in which the player may turn before completing the reverse trip. The home base may be a square, a rectangle, or a semicircle. The squares are then numbered in the sequence in which they are to be hopped.

Playing the game

The first player tosses a marker, also called a "lucky bean", onto the court.[8][9] The marker (typically a small stone, coin, bean bag, or small chain with a charm) should land in the square without bouncing, sliding, or rolling out. (In Scotland and Ireland, the marker is usually replaced with an old shoe polish tin or flat stone, called a piggy.[citation needed]) In the United States the marker was called a “lagger” and in the 1940s Hopscotch Laggers made of rubber were sold by the Hoppy Taw Company of Utah.[10] The marker must be thrown in sequential numerical order completely within the square without touching the line.[11] The player then hops through the course, skipping the marker's square. Single squares must be hopped on one foot, except for the first single square, where either foot may be used. Side-by-side squares are straddled, with the left foot landing in the left square, and the right foot landing in the right square. Optional squares marked "Safe", "Home", or "Rest" are neutral squares, and may be hopped through in any manner without penalty. After hopping into "Safe", "Home", or "Rest", the player must then turn around and retrace their steps through the course on one or two legs, depending on the square, until reaching the marker's square. The player stops in the square before the marker[12][13][14] and reaches down to retrieve the marker and continue the course as stated, without touching a line or stepping into a square with another player's marker.

Upon successfully completing the sequence, the player continues the turn by tossing the marker into square number two, and repeating the pattern.

If, while hopping through the court in either direction, the player steps on a line, misses a square, or loses balance, the turn ends. Players begin their turns where they last left off. The first player to complete one course for every numbered square on the court wins the game.

Although the marker is most often picked up during the game, historically, in the boy's game, the marker was kicked sequentially back through the course on the return trip and then kicked out.[15]

Origin

 
A hopscotch game with a traditional magpie rhyme in Morecambe, England

Hopscotch is attested c.1200 to 600–500 BCE from the Painted Grey ware era of prehistoric India,[16] it is also listed among the games prohibited by Buddha. It is attested that an ancient form of hopscotch was played by Roman children and soldiers,[17][18][19] but the first recorded references to the game in the English-speaking world date to the late seventeenth century, usually under the name "scotch-hop" or "scotch-hopper(s)".[20] A manuscript Book of Games compiled between 1635 and 1672 by Francis Willughby refers to 'Scotch Hopper‥. They play with a piece of tile or a little flat piece of lead, upon a boarded floor, or any area divided into oblong figures like boards'.[21] In Poor Robin's Almanack for 1677, the game is referred to as "Scotch-hoppers". The entry states, "The time when schoolboys should play at Scotch-hoppers." The 1707 edition of Poor Robin's Almanack includes the following phrase… "Lawyers and Physicians have little to do this month, so they may (if they will) play at Scotch-hoppers."[22] In 1828, Webster's American Dictionary of the English Language also referred to the game as 'Scotch-hopper' ... 'a play in which boys hop over scotches and lines in the ground.'[23]

Etymology

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the etymology of hopscotch is a formation from the words "hop" and "scotch", the latter in the sense of "an incised line or scratch".[24] The journal of the British Archaeological Association, volume 26 (dated March 9, 1870) states: "The sport of Hop-Scotch or Scotch-Hoppers is called in Yorkshire 'Hop-Score', and in Suffolk 'Scotch Hobbies or Hobby', from the boy who gets on the player's back whilst hopping or 'hicking', as it is there termed; and in Scotland it is known as 'Peevers, Peeverels, and Pabats'".

Czechs can feel the word as a Bohemism because skoč is a Czech imperative of skočit = "jump", and "hop" is commonly used as an interjection of jumping.

Variations

 
A variation in the entrance of CEFET-MG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

There are many other forms of hopscotch played across the globe.[25] In India it is called Stapu or Kit Kit in Hindi, Nondi (Tamil), Thokkudu billa (Telugu) or Kith-Kith, in Spain and some Latin American countries, it is called rayuela, although it may also be known as golosa or charranca. In France marelle is the name for the game. In Turkey, it is Seksek (from sek, "to hop"). In Russian it is known as классики (klássiki, diminutive for the word meaning "classes"). In Poland, it appears in two forms: klasy ("classes") which has a rectangular shape and no marker, instead, players call out names of various items of a given class, e.g. colours or flowers, while jumping on successive fields; and pajac ("buffoon") which has a human shape and uses a thrown marker, e.g. a piece of glass or stone. In Sweden the game is named hoppa hage (lit. "jumping the garden"), while in Norway it is called paradis, or Paradise. In Italy the game is known as campana (meaning "bell"), or mondo ("world"). In the Netherlands and Flanders, it is called Hinkelen ("skip"). In Bosnia, Croatia, and Serbia it is called školica, meaning "little school". In Malaysia, the most popular variant is called tengteng. In Mexico, it is called bebeleche (mamaleche) meaning "drink milk" or avioncito meaning "little plane", after its shape. In Cuba and in Puerto Rico it is called "La Peregrina" (meaning "Pilgrim Girl") and the squares represent the 9 rings the pilgrim traveler has to pass in order to reach Heaven from Purgatory according to Dante's Inferno. In Romania the game is called șotron and is widely played by children all over the country. In Denmark it is called hinke. In Brazil it is called amarelinha, evolved from marelle, the French name for the game that became too closely associated with the radical amarelo (yellow) and its diminutive in -inho/a. In Breton, the name is reg or delech. The Albanian variant is called rrasavi, which is composed of two words: rrasa ("the flat stone", an object used to play the game) and vi ("line", a reference to the lines that comprise the diagram of the course). In China, hopscotch is called tiao fangzi (跳房子, meaning "jumping the houses"). In the Philippines, hopscotch is called piko in Tagalog and sometimes also called kiki or Bikabix in Visayas/Cebuano. Its common court in the Philippines has six squares. In India, hopscotch is called "thikrya", because broken stones called thikrya are slid across the grid as players hop to each square. In South Korea, hopscotch is called sabangchigi (사방치기, meaning "Hitting the Four Cardinal Directions") and is widely played across the nation. In Ghana, hopscotch is called "tumatu" and is mostly played by children.[26] In Zimbabwe, the game is called pada and its mostly played by girls. In America the game is referred to as Hop Scotch and is played with a marker. It is found on elementary school playgrounds and is an activity most often played by girls.

Persian: Laylay (or Khane bazi)

 
Street mosaic in the shape of hopscotch game in Boston, USA

The hopscotch game's generic name in Persian is Laylay. The most common form of Laylay in Iran resembles the older Western types and uses six or more (always an even number) side-by-side squares successively (vertically) numbered. The player uses a peg or a flat stone that the player must kick to the next square as the player is hopping. If either the stone or a player's foot lands on a line, the player forfeits the game (or loses a turn). Although somewhat less common, the contemporary Western type also is played.

Glasgow: Peevers or Peever

In the Glasgow area, the hopscotch game is called "beds" or "Peever(s)". "Peever" is also the name of the object which is slid across the grid to land in a square. In the 1950s and 1960s in Glasgow, it was common for the peever to be a shoe polish tin filled with stones or dirt and screwed shut.[27][28]

Edinburgh children also call the game Peevers, played on a Peever bed with a chalked grid and a small flat tin - like a puck, where the chalk is stored during the game with the ballast.

French: Marelle, Escargot

"Marelle" is the name of the traditional hopscotch game in France, but a variant there is known as escargot (snail) or marelle ronde (round hopscotch).[29] The variant is played on a spiral course. Players must hop on one foot to the center of the spiral and then reverse their path to back out again.

If the player reaches the center without stepping on a line or losing balance he or she marks one square with his or her initials, and from then on may place two feet in that square, while all other players must hop over it. The game ends when all squares are marked or no one can reach the center and the winner is the player who "owns" the most squares.[30]

German: Himmel und Hölle

In Germany, Austria, and Switzerland the hopscotch game is called Himmel und Hölle (Heaven and Hell) although some other names are used, as well, depending on the region. The square below 1 or the 1 itself, is called Erde (Earth) while the second to last square is the Hölle (Hell) and the last one is Himmel (Heaven). The first player throws a small stone into the first square and then jumps to the square and must kick the stone to the next square and so on, however, neither the stone nor the player may stop in Hell so they try to skip that square.

India: Kith-Kith

 
Girls playing hopscotch, Jaora, Madhya Pradesh, India

In India, hopscotch is also called Kith-Kith, Stapu, Langdi in the Hindi-speaking areas, or Ekhaat Duhaat or Ekka Dukka in Bengal, Langdipani in Maharashtra, Kunte bille in Karnataka, Paandi in Tamil Nadu, and Tokkudu Billa in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. These games have similar principles in that players must hop on one foot and must throw the marker in the right square. The game is enjoyed by kids throughout the country.

New York City: Potsy

Potsy is the name of a hopscotch game that was played in New York City. The name probably refers to a "potsherd" that was used as a marker.[31]

Brazil: Amarelinha

In Brazil, this game is called Amarelinha.

Chile: Luche

In Chile, this game is called Luche.

Australian hop scotch

In Australia, hopscotch is played in stages. The first stage is played by hopping per the standard rules. Once this stage is complete, the player is promoted to the next stage called "jumps" where the player jumps into each square with two feet. The final stage is the most difficult stage called "sizzles", which is similar to jumps except the legs are crossed. The first player to complete all three stages wins. If a player touches a line, he is demoted to the start of his current stage. For younger players, "helps" can be used. These are lines typically extended at the sides between squares 2 and 3 so younger players can use these to get closer to throwing the "tortoise " into the required square.[citation needed]

Latin America: Rayuela

 
Boys playing tumatu in Ghana

In Argentina, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Uruguay, and Spain the name of the hopscotch game is "Rayuela",[32] but following some cultural evolution, in Chile this name now is applied to a throwing game.[33]

South Asia: Chindro

Chindro is the South Asian version of hopscotch.

Catalonia: Xarranca

Xarranca is the Catalan version of hopscotch.

Ghana: Tumatu

In Ghana, the name of the hopscotch game is tumatu.[26]

Portugal: Jogo da Macaca

In Portugal, this game is called Jogo da Macaca.

Longest design

During the COVID-19 pandemic, in April 2020 a giant hopscotch game with nearly 1,000 squares was created in Edinburgh, to be used while following social distancing rules.[34][35]

World record

The current Guinness Book of World Records holder for the fastest hopscotch game is Ashrita Furman, at 1 minute and 2 seconds.[36]

In popular culture

 
"Hopscotch to oblivion", Barcelona, Spain; an example of dark humor

References

  1. ^ Baker, Kate (10 January 2015). "Laggers". Kathleen, Kage and the Company. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  2. ^ Gold, David L. (Spring 1981). "Three New-York-Cityisms: Sliding Pond, Potsy, and Akey". American Speech. 56 (1): 17–32. doi:10.2307/454476. JSTOR 454476. In the 1950s, the game was called hopscotch and the object thrown a lagger /'lagar/. "Lagger" is related to the verb "lag"
  3. ^ "Definition of HOPSCOTCH". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 15 March 2022. a child's game in which a player tosses an object (such as a stone) into areas of a figure outlined on the ground and hops through the figure and back to regain the object
  4. ^ Mccarthy, Cheryl; Connell, Gill (20 June 2012). "WHY HOPSCOTCH MATTERS". Moving Smart. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  5. ^ Welsh, Richard O. (June 2017). "School Hopscotch: A Comprehensive Review of K–12 Student Mobility in the United States". Review of Educational Research. 87 (3): 475–511. doi:10.3102/0034654316672068. S2CID 151488951. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  6. ^ Laely, Khusnul; Yudi, Dede (17 December 2018). "The Impact of Hopscotch Game towards the Growth of Kinesthetic Intelligence on 3-4 Year Old Children". Early Childhood Research Journal. 1 (1): 21–28. doi:10.23917/ecrj.v1i1.6581. S2CID 149903485. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  7. ^ Beard, D.C. (1907). The Outdoor Handy Book: For the Playground, Field, and Forest. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 356–357.
  8. ^ Salley, David P. . Canisius College. Archived from the original on 28 January 1999. Retrieved 15 March 2022. Dagonell the Juggler
  9. ^ Whiteman, Susan (November 1, 2005). "Hopscotch History and Variation". University at Albany, SUNY. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  10. ^ Hoppy Taw Hopscotch Lagger https://www.etsy.com/listing/105606102/lagger-hoppy-taw-hopscotch-game-thingie?show_sold_out_detail=1&ref=nla_listing_details
  11. ^ How To Play Hopscotch: Learn the Basic Rules and Five Variations Parents Magazine https://www.parents.com/fun/activities/hopscotch/
  12. ^ "Hopscotch". Retrieved 2017-04-24.
  13. ^ "Hopscotch". kidspot. NewsLifeMedia. Retrieved 2017-04-24.
  14. ^ "Hopscotch Game". Fun Games Kids Play. Retrieved 2017-04-24. The two basic rules to remember - 1. Players can only have 1 foot in each square of the hopscotch board at a time. 2. Players have to hop over the square with the rock in it.
  15. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Hop-Scotch" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 687.
  16. ^ Lal, B.B. "The Painted Grey Ware culture of the Iron age" (PDF). Silk Road. I: 412–431.
  17. ^ Schädler, Ulrich (1 April 2021). "Some Misconceptions About Ancient Roman Games". Board Game Studies Journal. 15 (1): 79–97. doi:10.2478/bgs-2021-0004. S2CID 233430469. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  18. ^ Journal of the British Archaeological Association. British Archaeological Association. 1870.
  19. ^ "Hopscotch". Play Encyclopedia. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  20. ^ Thomas Shadwell (1668). The Sullen Lovers. :'Play at Catt, Stoolball, Scotch-hopp and Trap-ball.' Cited in Oxford English Dictionary, Third edition, June 2011; online version March 2012
  21. ^ The manuscript was published in 2003: see Cram, D., Forgeng, J. L., and Johnston, D., The Book of Games of Francis Willughby (1635-1672). A Seventeenth-century Treatise on Sports, Games, and Pastimes. (Aldershot, 2003).
  22. ^ The journal of the British Archaeological Association, Volume 26. 1870.
  23. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, Third edition, June 2011; online version March 2012.
  24. ^ OED Online. March 2012. Oxford University Press. 24 April 2012: "scotch: An incision, a cut, esp. a long gash made in the flesh; a score; a notch. Obs. (arch. and Eng. regional (E. Anglian) in later use)."
  25. ^ Lankford, Mary T.; Karen Dugan (1992). Hopscotch Around the World. New York: William Morrow. ISBN 0-688-14745-3.
  26. ^ a b Gbagbo, Julitta (29 July 2016). "8 Games That Every 90's Kid Will Remember - Kuulpeeps - Ghana Campus News and Lifestyle Site by Students". Retrieved 2019-03-11.
  27. ^ "Scots Language Centre - Scots Language Centre". Archived from the original on 2013-02-01. Retrieved 2016-02-08.
  28. ^ "Children's Games: Beds (Peever)". OurGlasgowStory. 2005-01-17. Archived from the original on 2013-01-31. Retrieved 2015-03-10.
  29. ^ Tikkanen, Amy. "hopscotch". Britannica.com. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
  30. ^ . Super Cool Toy Store. Archived from the original on 2015-01-04. Retrieved 2015-03-10.
  31. ^ "The Big Apple: Potsy". Barrypopik.com. 2005-03-07. Retrieved 2015-03-10.
  32. ^ "Traditional Children's Games: Hopscotch". topics-mag.com. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  33. ^ "Rayuela – a Traditional Chilean Game". Pepes Chile. 11 August 2010. Retrieved 21 April 2020.
  34. ^ "Giant hopscotch game runs 'about 200 yards' up Edinburgh street as community keeps 'adding squares' before it rains". Edinburgh News. April 18, 2020.
  35. ^ "Coronavirus: Giant hopscotch more than 300m long in Edinburgh". BBC. April 21, 2020.
  36. ^ [1] 2021-11-29 at the Wayback Machine
  37. ^ "KORN…IN THEIR WORDS (Close Up With Jonathan)" (Press release). Sony Music. from the original on September 24, 2012. Retrieved March 20, 2010.
  38. ^ Hector Elizondo (Narrator); Matt Levy (Director). (Motion picture). New York City. Archived from the original on 13 November 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2011.

External links

  Media related to Hopscotch at Wikimedia Commons

  • How to play Hopscotch on YouTube
  • Kids in Puerto Rico playing Peregrina on YouTube
  • Maya Angelou's poem 'Harlem Hopscotch'

hopscotch, other, uses, disambiguation, this, article, needs, additional, citations, verification, please, help, improve, this, article, adding, citations, reliable, sources, unsourced, material, challenged, removed, find, sources, news, newspapers, books, sch. For other uses see Hopscotch disambiguation This article needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed Find sources Hopscotch news newspapers books scholar JSTOR June 2010 Learn how and when to remove this template message Hopscotch is a popular playground game in which players toss a small object called a lagger 1 2 into numbered triangles or a pattern of rectangles outlined on the ground and then hop or jump through the spaces and retrieve the object 3 It is a children s game that can be played with several players or alone Hopscotch is a physical and cognitive workout 4 5 6 Primary schoolchildren playing hopscotch in Cuba where the game is known as pon Moves in a Hungarian hopscotch the black dot being the stone cast and retrieved Contents 1 Court and rules 1 1 The court 1 2 Playing the game 2 Origin 2 1 Etymology 3 Variations 3 1 Persian Laylay or Khane bazi 3 2 Glasgow Peevers or Peever 3 3 French Marelle Escargot 3 4 German Himmel und Holle 3 5 India Kith Kith 3 6 New York City Potsy 3 7 Brazil Amarelinha 3 8 Chile Luche 3 9 Australian hop scotch 3 10 Latin America Rayuela 3 11 South Asia Chindro 3 12 Catalonia Xarranca 3 13 Ghana Tumatu 3 14 Portugal Jogo da Macaca 4 Longest design 5 World record 6 In popular culture 7 References 8 External linksCourt and rules Edit Marelle French schoolyard court Hopscotch courts c 1900 7 English English simple American The court Edit To play hopscotch a court is first laid out on the ground Depending on the available surface the court is either scratched out in the dirt or drawn with chalk on pavement Courts may be permanently marked where playgrounds are commonly paved as in elementary schools Designs vary but the court is usually composed of a series of linear squares interspersed with blocks of two lateral squares Traditionally the court ends with a safe or home base in which the player may turn before completing the reverse trip The home base may be a square a rectangle or a semicircle The squares are then numbered in the sequence in which they are to be hopped Playing the game Edit The first player tosses a marker also called a lucky bean onto the court 8 9 The marker typically a small stone coin bean bag or small chain with a charm should land in the square without bouncing sliding or rolling out In Scotland and Ireland the marker is usually replaced with an old shoe polish tin or flat stone called a piggy citation needed In the United States the marker was called a lagger and in the 1940s Hopscotch Laggers made of rubber were sold by the Hoppy Taw Company of Utah 10 The marker must be thrown in sequential numerical order completely within the square without touching the line 11 The player then hops through the course skipping the marker s square Single squares must be hopped on one foot except for the first single square where either foot may be used Side by side squares are straddled with the left foot landing in the left square and the right foot landing in the right square Optional squares marked Safe Home or Rest are neutral squares and may be hopped through in any manner without penalty After hopping into Safe Home or Rest the player must then turn around and retrace their steps through the course on one or two legs depending on the square until reaching the marker s square The player stops in the square before the marker 12 13 14 and reaches down to retrieve the marker and continue the course as stated without touching a line or stepping into a square with another player s marker Upon successfully completing the sequence the player continues the turn by tossing the marker into square number two and repeating the pattern If while hopping through the court in either direction the player steps on a line misses a square or loses balance the turn ends Players begin their turns where they last left off The first player to complete one course for every numbered square on the court wins the game Although the marker is most often picked up during the game historically in the boy s game the marker was kicked sequentially back through the course on the return trip and then kicked out 15 Origin Edit A hopscotch game with a traditional magpie rhyme in Morecambe England Hopscotch is attested c 1200 to 600 500 BCE from the Painted Grey ware era of prehistoric India 16 it is also listed among the games prohibited by Buddha It is attested that an ancient form of hopscotch was played by Roman children and soldiers 17 18 19 but the first recorded references to the game in the English speaking world date to the late seventeenth century usually under the name scotch hop or scotch hopper s 20 A manuscript Book of Games compiled between 1635 and 1672 by Francis Willughby refers to Scotch Hopper They play with a piece of tile or a little flat piece of lead upon a boarded floor or any area divided into oblong figures like boards 21 In Poor Robin s Almanack for 1677 the game is referred to as Scotch hoppers The entry states The time when schoolboys should play at Scotch hoppers The 1707 edition of Poor Robin s Almanack includes the following phrase Lawyers and Physicians have little to do this month so they may if they will play at Scotch hoppers 22 In 1828 Webster s American Dictionary of the English Language also referred to the game as Scotch hopper a play in which boys hop over scotches and lines in the ground 23 Etymology Edit According to the Oxford English Dictionary the etymology of hopscotch is a formation from the words hop and scotch the latter in the sense of an incised line or scratch 24 The journal of the British Archaeological Association volume 26 dated March 9 1870 states The sport of Hop Scotch or Scotch Hoppers is called in Yorkshire Hop Score and in Suffolk Scotch Hobbies or Hobby from the boy who gets on the player s back whilst hopping or hicking as it is there termed and in Scotland it is known as Peevers Peeverels and Pabats Czechs can feel the word as a Bohemism because skoc is a Czech imperative of skocit jump and hop is commonly used as an interjection of jumping Variations Edit A variation in the entrance of CEFET MG Belo Horizonte Brazil There are many other forms of hopscotch played across the globe 25 In India it is called Stapu or Kit Kit in Hindi Nondi Tamil Thokkudu billa Telugu or Kith Kith in Spain and some Latin American countries it is called rayuela although it may also be known as golosa or charranca In France marelle is the name for the game In Turkey it is Seksek from sek to hop In Russian it is known as klassiki klassiki diminutive for the word meaning classes In Poland it appears in two forms klasy classes which has a rectangular shape and no marker instead players call out names of various items of a given class e g colours or flowers while jumping on successive fields and pajac buffoon which has a human shape and uses a thrown marker e g a piece of glass or stone In Sweden the game is named hoppa hage lit jumping the garden while in Norway it is called paradis or Paradise In Italy the game is known as campana meaning bell or mondo world In the Netherlands and Flanders it is called Hinkelen skip In Bosnia Croatia and Serbia it is called skolica meaning little school In Malaysia the most popular variant is called tengteng In Mexico it is called bebeleche mamaleche meaning drink milk or avioncito meaning little plane after its shape In Cuba and in Puerto Rico it is called La Peregrina meaning Pilgrim Girl and the squares represent the 9 rings the pilgrim traveler has to pass in order to reach Heaven from Purgatory according to Dante s Inferno In Romania the game is called șotron and is widely played by children all over the country In Denmark it is called hinke In Brazil it is called amarelinha evolved from marelle the French name for the game that became too closely associated with the radical amarelo yellow and its diminutive in inho a In Breton the name is reg or delech The Albanian variant is called rrasavi which is composed of two words rrasa the flat stone an object used to play the game and vi line a reference to the lines that comprise the diagram of the course In China hopscotch is called tiao fangzi 跳房子 meaning jumping the houses In the Philippines hopscotch is called piko in Tagalog and sometimes also called kiki or Bikabix in Visayas Cebuano Its common court in the Philippines has six squares In India hopscotch is called thikrya because broken stones called thikrya are slid across the grid as players hop to each square In South Korea hopscotch is called sabangchigi 사방치기 meaning Hitting the Four Cardinal Directions and is widely played across the nation In Ghana hopscotch is called tumatu and is mostly played by children 26 In Zimbabwe the game is called pada and its mostly played by girls In America the game is referred to as Hop Scotch and is played with a marker It is found on elementary school playgrounds and is an activity most often played by girls Persian Laylay or Khane bazi Edit Street mosaic in the shape of hopscotch game in Boston USA The hopscotch game s generic name in Persian is Laylay The most common form of Laylay in Iran resembles the older Western types and uses six or more always an even number side by side squares successively vertically numbered The player uses a peg or a flat stone that the player must kick to the next square as the player is hopping If either the stone or a player s foot lands on a line the player forfeits the game or loses a turn Although somewhat less common the contemporary Western type also is played Glasgow Peevers or Peever Edit In the Glasgow area the hopscotch game is called beds or Peever s Peever is also the name of the object which is slid across the grid to land in a square In the 1950s and 1960s in Glasgow it was common for the peever to be a shoe polish tin filled with stones or dirt and screwed shut 27 28 Edinburgh children also call the game Peevers played on a Peever bed with a chalked grid and a small flat tin like a puck where the chalk is stored during the game with the ballast French Marelle Escargot Edit Marelle is the name of the traditional hopscotch game in France but a variant there is known as escargot snail or marelle ronde round hopscotch 29 The variant is played on a spiral course Players must hop on one foot to the center of the spiral and then reverse their path to back out again If the player reaches the center without stepping on a line or losing balance he or she marks one square with his or her initials and from then on may place two feet in that square while all other players must hop over it The game ends when all squares are marked or no one can reach the center and the winner is the player who owns the most squares 30 German Himmel und Holle Edit In Germany Austria and Switzerland the hopscotch game is called Himmel und Holle Heaven and Hell although some other names are used as well depending on the region The square below 1 or the 1 itself is called Erde Earth while the second to last square is the Holle Hell and the last one is Himmel Heaven The first player throws a small stone into the first square and then jumps to the square and must kick the stone to the next square and so on however neither the stone nor the player may stop in Hell so they try to skip that square India Kith Kith Edit Girls playing hopscotch Jaora Madhya Pradesh India In India hopscotch is also called Kith Kith Stapu Langdi in the Hindi speaking areas or Ekhaat Duhaat or Ekka Dukka in Bengal Langdipani in Maharashtra Kunte bille in Karnataka Paandi in Tamil Nadu and Tokkudu Billa in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana These games have similar principles in that players must hop on one foot and must throw the marker in the right square The game is enjoyed by kids throughout the country New York City Potsy Edit Potsy is the name of a hopscotch game that was played in New York City The name probably refers to a potsherd that was used as a marker 31 Brazil Amarelinha Edit In Brazil this game is called Amarelinha Chile Luche Edit In Chile this game is called Luche Australian hop scotch Edit In Australia hopscotch is played in stages The first stage is played by hopping per the standard rules Once this stage is complete the player is promoted to the next stage called jumps where the player jumps into each square with two feet The final stage is the most difficult stage called sizzles which is similar to jumps except the legs are crossed The first player to complete all three stages wins If a player touches a line he is demoted to the start of his current stage For younger players helps can be used These are lines typically extended at the sides between squares 2 and 3 so younger players can use these to get closer to throwing the tortoise into the required square citation needed Latin America Rayuela Edit Boys playing tumatu in Ghana In Argentina Colombia Costa Rica Ecuador Guatemala Honduras Nicaragua Panama Uruguay and Spain the name of the hopscotch game is Rayuela 32 but following some cultural evolution in Chile this name now is applied to a throwing game 33 South Asia Chindro Edit Chindro is the South Asian version of hopscotch Catalonia Xarranca Edit Xarranca is the Catalan version of hopscotch Ghana Tumatu Edit In Ghana the name of the hopscotch game is tumatu 26 Portugal Jogo da Macaca Edit In Portugal this game is called Jogo da Macaca Longest design EditDuring the COVID 19 pandemic in April 2020 a giant hopscotch game with nearly 1 000 squares was created in Edinburgh to be used while following social distancing rules 34 35 World record EditThe current Guinness Book of World Records holder for the fastest hopscotch game is Ashrita Furman at 1 minute and 2 seconds 36 In popular culture Edit Hopscotch to oblivion Barcelona Spain an example of dark humor A hopscotch court drawn such that the area where the final step would be is instead a sheer drop such as a building or cliff such that any participant would fall to their death upon completion is a motif occasionally seen in fiction sometimes as a device for black comedy A notable example is featured on the cover of the Korn album Follow the Leader which focuses on a young girl participating in the game at a cliff The concept was described by Jonathan Davis as representing a loss of innocence 37 A 2010 PBS documentary New York Street Games includes potsy described as a girl s game in the film 38 Julio Cortazar based his novel Hopscotch on this gameReferences Edit Baker Kate 10 January 2015 Laggers Kathleen Kage and the Company Retrieved 15 March 2022 Gold David L Spring 1981 Three New York Cityisms Sliding Pond Potsy and Akey American Speech 56 1 17 32 doi 10 2307 454476 JSTOR 454476 In the 1950s the game was called hopscotch and the object thrown a lagger lagar Lagger is related to the verb lag Definition of HOPSCOTCH Merriam Webster Retrieved 15 March 2022 a child s game in which a player tosses an object such as a stone into areas of a figure outlined on the ground and hops through the figure and back to regain the object Mccarthy Cheryl Connell Gill 20 June 2012 WHY HOPSCOTCH MATTERS Moving Smart Retrieved 15 March 2022 Welsh Richard O June 2017 School Hopscotch A Comprehensive Review of K 12 Student Mobility in the United States Review of Educational Research 87 3 475 511 doi 10 3102 0034654316672068 S2CID 151488951 Retrieved 15 March 2022 Laely Khusnul Yudi Dede 17 December 2018 The Impact of Hopscotch Game towards the Growth of Kinesthetic Intelligence on 3 4 Year Old Children Early Childhood Research Journal 1 1 21 28 doi 10 23917 ecrj v1i1 6581 S2CID 149903485 Retrieved 15 March 2022 Beard D C 1907 The Outdoor Handy Book For the Playground Field and Forest New York Charles Scribner s Sons pp 356 357 Salley David P Hopscotch Canisius College Archived from the original on 28 January 1999 Retrieved 15 March 2022 Dagonell the Juggler Whiteman Susan November 1 2005 Hopscotch History and Variation University at Albany SUNY Retrieved 15 March 2022 Hoppy Taw Hopscotch Lagger https www etsy com listing 105606102 lagger hoppy taw hopscotch game thingie show sold out detail 1 amp ref nla listing details How To Play Hopscotch Learn the Basic Rules and Five Variations Parents Magazine https www parents com fun activities hopscotch Hopscotch Retrieved 2017 04 24 Hopscotch kidspot NewsLifeMedia Retrieved 2017 04 24 Hopscotch Game Fun Games Kids Play Retrieved 2017 04 24 The two basic rules to remember 1 Players can only have 1 foot in each square of the hopscotch board at a time 2 Players have to hop over the square with the rock in it Chisholm Hugh ed 1911 Hop Scotch Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol 13 11th ed Cambridge University Press p 687 Lal B B The Painted Grey Ware culture of the Iron age PDF Silk Road I 412 431 Schadler Ulrich 1 April 2021 Some Misconceptions About Ancient Roman Games Board Game Studies Journal 15 1 79 97 doi 10 2478 bgs 2021 0004 S2CID 233430469 Retrieved 15 March 2022 Journal of the British Archaeological Association British Archaeological Association 1870 Hopscotch Play Encyclopedia Retrieved 15 March 2022 Thomas Shadwell 1668 The Sullen Lovers Play at Catt Stoolball Scotch hopp and Trap ball Cited in Oxford English Dictionary Third edition June 2011 online version March 2012 The manuscript was published in 2003 see Cram D Forgeng J L and Johnston D The Book of Games of Francis Willughby 1635 1672 A Seventeenth century Treatise on Sports Games and Pastimes Aldershot 2003 The journal of the British Archaeological Association Volume 26 1870 Oxford English Dictionary Third edition June 2011 online version March 2012 OED Online March 2012 Oxford University Press 24 April 2012 scotch An incision a cut esp a long gash made in the flesh a score a notch Obs arch and Eng regional E Anglian in later use Lankford Mary T Karen Dugan 1992 Hopscotch Around the World New York William Morrow ISBN 0 688 14745 3 a b Gbagbo Julitta 29 July 2016 8 Games That Every 90 s Kid Will Remember Kuulpeeps Ghana Campus News and Lifestyle Site by Students Retrieved 2019 03 11 Scots Language Centre Scots Language Centre Archived from the original on 2013 02 01 Retrieved 2016 02 08 Children s Games Beds Peever OurGlasgowStory 2005 01 17 Archived from the original on 2013 01 31 Retrieved 2015 03 10 Tikkanen Amy hopscotch Britannica com Retrieved 15 March 2022 Closed for Maintenance Super Cool Toy Store Archived from the original on 2015 01 04 Retrieved 2015 03 10 The Big Apple Potsy Barrypopik com 2005 03 07 Retrieved 2015 03 10 Traditional Children s Games Hopscotch topics mag com Retrieved 21 April 2020 Rayuela a Traditional Chilean Game Pepes Chile 11 August 2010 Retrieved 21 April 2020 Giant hopscotch game runs about 200 yards up Edinburgh street as community keeps adding squares before it rains Edinburgh News April 18 2020 Coronavirus Giant hopscotch more than 300m long in Edinburgh BBC April 21 2020 1 Archived 2021 11 29 at the Wayback Machine KORN IN THEIR WORDS Close Up With Jonathan Press release Sony Music Archived from the original on September 24 2012 Retrieved March 20 2010 Hector Elizondo Narrator Matt Levy Director New York Street Games Motion picture New York City Archived from the original on 13 November 2011 Retrieved 14 November 2011 External links Edit Media related to Hopscotch at Wikimedia Commons How to play Hopscotch on YouTube Kids in Puerto Rico playing Peregrina on YouTube Maya Angelou s poem Harlem Hopscotch Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hopscotch amp oldid 1133435234, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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