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Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan

June 18, 2023

"Hell's Kitchen" redirects here. For the British television show, see Hell's Kitchen (British TV series). For the American television show, see Hell's Kitchen (American TV series). For other uses, see Hell's Kitchen (disambiguation).

Hell's Kitchen, also known as Clinton, is a neighborhood on the West Side of Midtown Manhattan in New York City. It is considered to be bordered by 34th Street (or 41st Street) to the south, 59th Street to the north, Eighth Avenue to the east, and the Hudson River to the west.

Hell's Kitchen
Neighborhood of Manhattan
Looking south on Ninth Avenue from 49th Street
Nickname(s): 
HK, Clinton
Coordinates: 40°45′51″N 73°59′32″W / 40.76417°N 73.99222°W / 40.76417; -73.99222
Country United States
State New York
CityNew York City
BoroughManhattan
Community DistrictManhattan 4[1]
Area
 • Total0.841 sq mi (2.18 km2)
Population
 (2020)[2]
 • Total49,758
 • Density59,000/sq mi (23,000/km2)
Ethnicity
[3]
 • White56.4%
 • Asian or Pacific Islander15.0%
 • Hispanic19.3%
 • Black6.3%
 • Other3.0%
Economics
 • Median income$98,727
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (EDT)
ZIP Codes
10018, 10019, 10036
Area code212, 332, 646, and 917

Hell's Kitchen has long been a bastion of poor and working-class Irish Americans, though significant demographic changes have occurred especially from the late 1970s to early 2000s and present. Though its gritty reputation has long held real-estate prices below those of most other areas of Manhattan, even by 1969, the City Planning Commission's Plan for New York City reported that development pressures related to its Midtown location were driving people of modest means from the area.

Since the early 1980s, the area has been gentrifying, and rents have risen rapidly. Home of the Actors Studio training school, and adjacent to Broadway theatres, Hell's Kitchen has long been a home to fledgling and working actors. Today, in addition to the long-established Irish-American and Hispanic-American populations in the neighborhood, the area has a large LGBTQ population and is home to a large number of LGBTQ bars and businesses.[4]

Hell's Kitchen is part of Manhattan Community District 4.[1] It is patrolled by the 10th and Midtown North Precincts of the New York City Police Department. The area provides transport, medical, and warehouse-infrastructure support to the business district of Manhattan. It is also known for its extensive selection of multiethnic, small, and relatively inexpensive restaurants, delicatessens, bodegas, bars, and associated nightlife.

Boundaries

 
General map of the Hell's Kitchen area, including the northern part of Hudson Yards to the south, but excluding the Columbus Circle transition area to the north

The name "Hell's Kitchen" generally refers to the area between 34th to the south and 59th Street to the north. Starting west of Eighth Avenue and the north side of 43rd Street, city zoning regulations generally limit buildings to six stories. As a result, most of the buildings are older, and are often walk-up apartments. For the most part, the neighborhood encompasses the ZIP Codes 10019 and 10036. The post office for 10019 is called Radio City Station, the original name for Rockefeller Center on Sixth Avenue.[5][6]

The neighborhood overlaps Times Square and the Theater District to the east at Eighth Avenue. On its southeast border, it overlaps the Garment District also on Eighth Avenue. Two landmarks are located here – the New Yorker Hotel at 481 Eighth Avenue, and the Manhattan Center building at the northwest corner of 34th Street and Eighth Avenue. Included in the transition area on Eighth Avenue are the Port Authority Bus Terminal at 42nd Street, the Pride of Midtown fire station (from which an entire shift, 15 firefighters, died at the World Trade Center), several theatres including Studio 54, the original soup stand of Seinfeld's "The Soup Nazi"' and the Hearst Tower.[5]

The northern edge of Hell's Kitchen borders the southern edge of the Upper West Side, though the section west of Ninth Avenue and south of 57th Street is also part of the Columbus Circle neighborhood. 57th Street was traditionally the boundary between the Upper West Side and Hell's Kitchen, but another interpretation puts the northern border at 59th Street, where the names of the north–south avenues change. Included between 57th and 59th Streets the Time Warner Center at Columbus Circle; Hudson Hotel; Mount Sinai West, where John Lennon died in 1980 after being shot; and John Jay College.[5]

Beyond the southern boundary is Chelsea. The Hudson Yards neighborhood overlaps with Hell's Kitchen, and the areas are often lumped together as "West Midtown", given their proximity to the Midtown Manhattan business district. The traditional dividing line with Chelsea is 34th Street.[5] The area between the rail corridor at Pennsylvania Station and the West Side Yard and 42nd Street, and east of the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center, is also known as Hell's Kitchen South.[7][8]

The western border of the neighborhood is the Hudson River at the Hudson River Park and West Side Highway.[5]

Name

 
Looking south from Eighth Avenue and 46th Street
 
View from between 47th and 48th Streets on Ninth Avenue looking northeast toward Time Warner Center and Hearst Tower

Several explanations exist for the original name. An early use of the phrase appears in a comment Davy Crockett made about another notorious Irish slum in Manhattan, Five Points. According to the Irish Cultural Society of the Garden City Area:

When, in 1835, Davy Crockett said, "In my part of the country, when you meet an Irishman, you find a first-rate gentleman; but these are worse than savages; they are too mean to swab hell's kitchen", he was referring to the Five Points.[9]

According to an article by Kirkley Greenwell, published online by the Hell's Kitchen Neighborhood Association:

No one can pin down the exact origin of the label, but some refer to a tenement on 54th Street as the first "Hell's Kitchen." Another explanation points to an infamous building at 39th as the true original. A gang and a local dive took the name as well.[10]

Local historian Mary Clark explained the name thus:

...first appeared in print on September 22, 1881 when a New York Times reporter went to the West 30s with a police guide to get details of a multiple murder there. He referred to a particularly infamous tenement at 39th Street and Tenth Avenue as "Hell's Kitchen" and said that the entire section was "probably the lowest and filthiest in the city." According to this version, 39th Street between 9th and 10th Avenues became known as Hell's Kitchen and the name was later expanded to the surrounding streets. Another version ascribes the name's origins to a German restaurant in the area known as Heil's Kitchen, after its proprietors.[11] But the most common version traces it to the story of "Dutch Fred the Cop", a veteran policeman, who with his rookie partner, was watching a small riot on West 39th Street near Tenth Avenue. The rookie is supposed to have said, "This place is hell itself", to which Fred replied, "Hell's a mild climate. This is Hell's Kitchen."[12]

The 1929 book Manna-Hatin: The Story of New York states that the Panic of 1857 led to the formation of gangs "in the notorious 'Gas House District' at Twenty-First Street and the East River, or in 'Hell's Kitchen', in the West Thirties."[13]

Hell's Kitchen has become the most frequently used name of the neighborhood, even though real estate developers have offered alternatives of "Clinton" and "Midtown West", or even "the Mid-West". The "Clinton" name, used by the municipality of New York City, originated in 1959 in an attempt to link the area to DeWitt Clinton Park at 52nd and Eleventh Avenue, named after the 19th century New York governor.[14]

History

Early history and development

"Great Kill" redirects here. For the neighborhood in Staten Island, see Great Kills, Staten Island.
 
Manhattan Cruise Terminal in Hell's Kitchen at 52nd Street

On the island of Manhattan as it was when Europeans first saw it, the Great Kill formed from three small streams that united near present-day Tenth Avenue and 40th Street, and then wound through the low-lying Reed Valley, renowned for fish and waterfowl,[15] to empty into the Hudson River at a deep bay on the river at the present 42nd Street.[16] The name was retained in a tiny hamlet called Great Kill, which became a center for carriage-making, while the upland to the south and east became known as Longacre, the predecessor of Longacre Square (now Times Square).[17]

One of the large farms of the colonial era in this neighborhood was that of Andreas Hopper and his descendants, extending from today's 48th Street nearly to 59th Street and from the river east to what is now Sixth Avenue. One of the Hopper farmhouses, built in 1752 for John Hopper the younger, stood near 53rd Street and Eleventh Avenue; christened "Rosevale" for its extensive gardens, it was the home of the War of 1812 veteran, Gen. Garrit Hopper Striker, and lasted until 1896, when it was demolished. The site was purchased for the city and naturalistically landscaped by Samuel Parsons Jr. as DeWitt Clinton Park. In 1911, New York Hospital bought a full city block largely of the Hopper property, between 54th and 55th Streets, Eleventh and Twelfth Avenues.[18] Beyond the railroad track, projecting into the river at 54th Street, was Mott's Point, with an 18th-century Mott family house surrounded by gardens, that was inhabited by members of the family until 1884 and survived until 1895.[19]

 
Harborview Terrace public housing buildings between West 54th and West 56th Streets, and Tenth and Eleventh Avenues, part of the New York City Housing Authority[20]

A lone surviving structure that dates from the time this area was open farmland and suburban villas is a pre-1800s carriage house that once belonged to a villa owned by former Vice President and New York State governor George Clinton, now in a narrow court behind 422 West 46th Street.[21] From 1811 until it was officially de-mapped in 1857, the diminutive Bloomingdale Square was part of the city's intended future; it extended from 53rd to 57th Streets between Eighth and Ninth Avenues. It was eliminated after the establishment of Central Park,[22] and the name shifted to the junction of Broadway, West End Avenue, and 106th Street, now Straus Park. In 1825, the City purchased for $10 clear title to a right-of-way through John Leake Norton's[a] farm, "The Hermitage", to lay out 42nd Street clear to the river. Before long, cattle ferried from Weehawken were being driven along the unpaved route to slaughterhouses on the East Side.[23] Seventy acres of the Leakes' (later the Nortons') property, extending north from 42nd to 46th Street and from Broadway to the river, had been purchased before 1807 by John Jacob Astor and William Cutting, who held it before dividing it into building lots as the district became more suburban.

The West Side later had its own slaughterhouses, which went out of business in the middle 20th century.[24]

Unity with the city and deterioration

 
Hell's Kitchen and Sebastopol, c. 1890, photographed by Jacob Riis

There were multiple changes that helped Hell's Kitchen integrate with New York City proper. The first was construction of the Hudson River Railroad, whose initial leg – the 40 mi (64 km) to Peekskill – was completed on September 29, 1849, By the end of 1849, it stretched to Poughkeepsie and in 1851 it extended to Albany. The track ran at a steep grade up Eleventh Avenue, as far as 60th Street.[25]

The formerly rural riverfront was industrialized by businesses, such as tanneries, that used the river for shipping products and dumping waste. The neighborhood that would later be known as Hell's Kitchen started forming in the southern part of the 22nd Ward in the mid-19th century. Irish immigrants – mostly refugees from the Great Famine – found work on the docks and railroad along the Hudson River and established shantytowns there.

 
Mission House, Hell's Kitchen, c. 1915

After the American Civil War, there was an influx of people who moved to New York City. The tenements that were built became overcrowded quickly. Many who lived in this congested, poverty-stricken area turned to gang life. Following Prohibition, implemented in 1919, the district's many warehouses were ideal locations for bootleg distilleries for the rumrunners who controlled illicit liquor. At the start of the 20th century, the neighborhood was controlled by gangs, including the violent Gopher Gang led by One Lung Curran and later by Owney Madden.[26]

Early gangs, like the Hell's Kitchen Gang, transformed into organized crime entities, around the same time that Owney Madden became one of the most powerful mobsters in New York. It became known as the "most dangerous area on the American Continent".

By the 1930s, when the McGraw-Hill Building was constructed in Hell's Kitchen, the surrounding area was still largely tenements.[27] After the repeal of Prohibition, many of the organized crime elements moved into other rackets, such as illegal gambling and union shakedowns. The postwar era was characterized by a flourishing waterfront, and longshoreman work was plentiful. By the end of the 1970s, however, the implementation of containerized shipping led to the decline of the West Side piers and many longshoremen found themselves out of work. In addition, construction of the Lincoln Tunnel in the 1930s, Lincoln Tunnel access roads, and the Port Authority Bus Terminal and ramps starting in 1950 destroyed much of Hell's Kitchen south of 41st Street.[28]

In 1959, an aborted rumble between rival Irish and Puerto Rican gangs led to the notorious "Capeman" murders in which two innocent teenagers, mistaken for rival gang members, were killed.[29] By 1965, Hell's Kitchen was the home base of the Westies, an Irish mob aligned with the Gambino crime family. It was not until the early 1980s that widespread gentrification began to alter the demographics of the longtime working-class Irish American neighborhood. The 1980s also saw an end to the Westies' reign of terror, when the gang lost all of its power after the RICO convictions of most of its principals in 1986.

First wave of gentrification

Special Clinton zoning district

 
Eighth Avenue was once lined with porn stores and theaters. The stores have mostly gone since the late 1990s, but this particular store, which was highlighted in the 2003 film Phone Booth, remained until 2007.

Although the neighborhood is immediately west of New York's main business district, large-scale redevelopment has been kept in check for more than 40 years by strict zoning rules in a Special Clinton District[30] designed to protect the neighborhood's residents and its low-rise character.

In part to qualify for federal aid, New York developed a comprehensive Plan for New York City in 1969–70. While for almost all neighborhoods, the master plan contained few proposals, it was very explicit about the bright future of Hell's Kitchen. The plan called for 2,000 to 3,000 new hotel rooms, 25,000 apartments, 25×10^6 sq ft (2,300,000 m2) of office space, a new super liner terminal, a subway along 48th Street, and a convention center to replace what the plan described as "blocks of antiquated and deteriorating structures of every sort."[31][32] However, outrage at the massive residential displacement that this development project would have caused,[33] and the failure of the City to complete any replacement housing, led to opposition to the first project – a new convention center to replace the New York Coliseum.[34]

To prevent the convention center from sparking a development boom that would beget the rest of the master plan with its consequent displacement, the Clinton Planning Council and Daniel Gutman, their environmental planner, proposed that the convention center and all major development be located south of 42nd Street where public policy had already left tracts of vacant land.[35]

Nevertheless, in 1973 the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center was approved for a 44th Street site that would replace piers 84 and 86. But in exchange, and after the defeat of a bond issue that would have funded a 48th Street "people mover,"[36] the City first abandoned the rest of the 1969–70 master plan[37] and then gave the neighborhood a special zoning district to restrict further redevelopment.[38] Since then, limited new development has filled in the many empty lots and rejuvenated existing buildings. Later, in 1978, when the city could not afford the higher cost of constructing the 44th Street convention center over water, the Mayor and Governor chose the rail yard site originally proposed by the local community.[39]

The SCD was originally split into four areas:

  • Preservation Area: 43rd to 56th Streets between Eighth and Tenth Avenues. R-7 density, 6-story height limit on new buildings, suggested average apartment size of two bedrooms (this was a response to the fact that between 1960 and 1970 developers had torn down 2,300 family-sized units and replaced them with 1,500 smaller units).
  • Perimeter Area: Eighth Avenue, 42nd and 57th Streets. Bulkier development permitted to counterbalance the downzoning in the preservation area.
  • Mixed Use Area: Tenth and Eleventh Avenues between 43rd and 50th Streets. Mixed residential and manufacturing. New residential development only permitted in conjunction with manufacturing areas. Later combined into "Other Areas".
  • Other Areas: West of Eleventh Avenue. Industrial and waterfront uses. Later combined with "Mixed Use Area"

Special permits are required for all demolition and construction in the SCD, including demolition of "any sound housing in the District" and any rehabilitation that increases the number of dwellings in a structure. In the original provisions, no building could be demolished unless it was unsound. New developments, conversions, or alterations that create new units or zero bedroom units must contain at least 20% two bedroom apartments with a minimum room size of 168 sq ft (16 m2). Alterations that reduce the percentage of two-bedroom units are not permitted unless the resulting building meets the 20% two-bedroom requirement. Finally, building height in the Preservation Area cannot exceed 66 ft (20 m) or seven stories, whichever is less.

Windermere

 
Windermere Apartments at Ninth Avenue and 57th Street

As the gentrification pace increased, there were numerous reports of problems between landlords and tenants. The most extreme example was the eight-story Windermere Apartments complex at the southwest corner of Ninth Avenue and 57th Street. Built in 1881, it is the second-oldest large apartment house in Manhattan.[40]

In 1980, the owner, Alan B. Weissman, tried to empty the building of its tenants. According to former tenants and court papers, rooms were ransacked, doors were ripped out, prostitutes were moved in, and tenants received death threats in the campaign to empty the building. All the major New York newspapers covered the trials that sent the Windermere's managers to jail. Although Weissman was never linked to the harassment, he and his wife made top billing in the 1985 edition of The Village Voice's annual list, "The Dirty Dozen: New York's Worst Landlords."[41] Most of the tenants eventually settled and moved out of the building. As of May 2006, seven tenants remained[42] and court orders protecting the tenants and the building allowed it to remain in derelict condition even as the surrounding neighborhood was experiencing a dramatic burst of demolition and redevelopment. Finally, in September 2007, the fire department evacuated those remaining seven residents from the building, citing dangerous conditions, and padlocked the front door.[43] In 2008 the New York Supreme Court ruled that the owners of the building, who include the TOA Construction Corporation of Japan, must repair it.[44]

Failed rezoning attempts

 
Looking south on Tenth Avenue from 59th Street

By the 1980s the area south of 42nd Street was in decline. Both the state and the city hoped that the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center would renew the area.[45] Hotels, restaurants, apartment buildings, and television studios were proposed.[46] One proposal included apartments and hotels on a 30 acres (12 ha) pier jutting out onto Hudson River, which also included a marina, ferry slip, stores, restaurants, and a performing arts center.[47] At Ninth Avenue and 33rd Street, a 32-story office tower would be built.[48] Hotels, apartment buildings, and a Madison Square Garden would be built over the tracks west of Pennsylvania Station.[49][50] North of the Javits Center, a "Television City" would be developed by Larry Silverstein in conjunction with NBC.[46]

One impediment to development was the lack of mass transit in the area, which is far from Penn Station, and none of the proposals for a link to Penn Station was pursued successfully (for example, the ill-fated West Side Transitway[51]). No changes to the zoning policy happened until 1990, when the city rezoned a small segment of 11th Avenue near the Javits Center.[52][53] In 1993, part of 9th Avenue between 35th and 41st Streets was also rezoned.[54][55] However, neither of these rezonings was particularly significant, as most of the area was still zoned as a manufacturing district with low-rise apartment buildings.[56]

By the early 1990s, there was a recession, which scuttled plans for rezoning and severely reduced the amount of development in the area.[57] After the recession was over, developers invested in areas like Times Square, eastern Hell's Kitchen, and Chelsea, but mostly skipped the Far West Side.[58]

September 11, 2001

 
Memorial to 15 firefighters from Engine Co. 54/Ladder Co. 4/Battalion 9 who died on September 11, 2001

While most fire stations in Manhattan lost firefighters in the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, the station with the greatest loss of firefighters was Engine Co. 54/Ladder Co. 4/Battalion 9 at 48th Street and Eighth Avenue, which lost 15 firefighters.[59] Given its proximity to Midtown, the station has specialized in skyscraper fires and rescues; in 2007, it was the second-busiest firehouse in New York City, with 9,685 runs between the two companies.[60] Its patch reads "Pride of Midtown" and "Never Missed a Performance". Memorials dot the station's exterior walls and a granite memorial is in a park to its north. Ladder 21, the "Pride of Hell's Kitchen", located on 38th Street between Ninth and Tenth Avenues, and stationed with Engine Co. 34, lost seven firefighters on September 11.[61] In addition, on September 11, Engine Co. 26 was temporarily stationed with Engine Co. 34/Ladder Co. 21 and lost many firefighters themselves.

Redevelopment and second wave of gentrification

 
Looking north on 8th Avenue from 42nd Street

Hell's Kitchen has become an increasingly upscale neighborhood of affluent young professionals as well as residents from the "old days",[62][63][64] with rents in the neighborhood having increased dramatically above the average in Manhattan.[65] It has also acquired a large and diverse community as residents have moved north from Chelsea. Zoning has long restricted the extension of Midtown Manhattan's skyscraper development into Hell's Kitchen, at least north of 42nd Street.[66] The David Childs- and Frank Williams-designed Worldwide Plaza established a beachhead when it was built in 1989 at the former Madison Square Garden site, a full city block between 49th and 50th Streets and between Eighth and Ninth Avenues that was exempt from special district zoning rules. This project led a real-estate building boom on Eighth Avenue, including the Hearst Tower at 56th Street and Eighth Avenue.

An indication of how fast real estate prices rose in the neighborhood was a 2004 transaction involving the Howard Johnson's Motel at 52nd Street and Eighth Avenue. In June, Vikram Chatwal's Hampshire Hotel Group bought the motel and adjoining Studio Instrument Rental building for $9 million. In August, they sold the property to Elad Properties for about $43 million. Elad, which formerly owned the Plaza Hotel, built The Link, a luxury 44-story building, at that location.[67]

Hudson Yards

Main article: Hudson Yards, Manhattan

In 2003, the New York City Department of City Planning issued a master plan that envisioned the creation of 40,000,000 sq ft (3,700,000 m2) of commercial and residential development, two corridors of open space.[68] Dubbed the Hudson Yards Master Plan, the area covered is bordered on the east by Seventh and Eighth Avenues, on the south by West 28th and 30th Streets, on the north by West 43rd Street, and on the west by Hudson River Park and the Hudson River. The City's plan was similar to a neighborhood plan produced by architect Meta Brunzema and environmental planner Daniel Gutman for the Hell's Kitchen Neighborhood Association (HKNA). The main concept of the HKNA plan was to allow major new development while protecting the existing residential core area between Ninth and Tenth avenues.[69][70]

As plans developed, they included a mixed-use real estate development by Related Companies and Oxford Properties over the MTA's West Side Yard;[71] a renovation of the Javits Convention Center;[72] and the 7 Subway Extension to the 34th Street–Hudson Yards station at 34th Street and 11th Avenue, which opened on September 13, 2015.[73][74] The first phase of the Related project, completed in March 2019, comprises The Shops & Restaurants at Hudson Yards, a public space centered around the Vessel structure, the Shed arts center, and several skyscrapers.[75] By the 2010s, the neighborhood had become home to young Wall Street financiers.[76]

Demographics

 
West 43rd Street

Based on data from the 2020 United States census, the population of Hell's Kitchen (Clinton) was 49,758, an increase of 3,874 (8.4%) from the 45,884 counted in 2010. Covering an area of 0.841 sq mi (2.18 km2), the neighborhood had a population density of 59,165/sq. mi (22,825/sq. km).[2] The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 52.8% White, 5.5% African American, 21.1% Hispanic or Latino, 17.5% Asian, and 3.2% from other races.[2]

The entirety of Community District 4, which comprises Hell's Kitchen and Chelsea, had 122,119 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 83.1 years.[77]: 2, 20  This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods.[78]: 53 (PDF p. 84) [79] Most inhabitants are adults: a plurality (45%) are between the ages of 25–44, while 26% are between 45–64, and 13% are 65 or older. The ratio of youth and college-aged residents was lower, at 9% and 8% respectively.[77]: 2 

As of 2017, the median household income in Community Districts 4 and 5 was $101,981.[80] In 2018, an estimated 11% of Hell's Kitchen and Chelsea residents lived in poverty, compared to 14% in all of Manhattan and 20% in all of New York City. One in twenty residents (5%) was unemployed, compared to 7% in Manhattan and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 41% in Hell's Kitchen and Chelsea, compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 45% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018, Hell's Kitchen and Chelsea are considered to be high-income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying.[77]: 7 

Culture

Entertainment industry

 
Hell's Kitchen gear for sale in the Video Cafe on Ninth Avenue (shop closed in January 2014)[81]
 
Manhattan Plaza, performing artists' residence, Ninth Avenue/43rd Street

Hell's Kitchen's gritty reputation had made its housing prices lower than elsewhere in Manhattan. Given the lower costs in the past and its proximity to Broadway theatres, the neighborhood is a haven for aspiring actors.[82][83] Many famous actors and entertainers have resided there, including Burt Reynolds, Rip Torn, Bob Hope, Charlton Heston, James Dean, Madonna, Jerry Seinfeld, Larry David, Alicia Keys, and Sylvester Stallone. This is due in large part to the Actors Studio on West 44th at which Lee Strasberg taught and developed method acting.[84]

With the opening of the original Improv by Budd Friedman in 1963, the club became a hangout for singers to perform but quickly attracted comedians, as well, turning it into the reigning comedy club of its time. Once located at 358 West 44th Street and Ninth Avenue, it has since closed.[85]

Manhattan Plaza at 43rd Street between Ninth and Tenth Avenues was built in the 1970s to house artists. It consists of two 46-story towers with 70% of the apartments set aside for rent discounts for those who work in the arts.[86] The Actors' Temple and St. Malachy Roman Catholic Church with its Actors' Chapel also testify to the long-time presence of show business people.

The neighborhood is also home to a number of broadcast and music-recording studios, including the CBS Broadcast Center at 524 West 57th Street, where the CBS television network records many of its news and sports programs such as 60 Minutes and The NFL Today; the former Sony Music Studios at 460 West 54th Street, which closed in 2007; Manhattan Center Studios at 311 West 34th Street; and Right Track Recording's Studio A509 orchestral recording facility at West 38th Street and Tenth Avenue. The syndicated Montel Williams Show was also taped at the Unitel Studios, 433 West 53rd Street, between Ninth and Tenth Avenues. In 2016, rock music singer and songwriter Sting recorded his album entitled 57th & 9th at Avatar Studios, a music studio located near the intersection of 57th Street and Ninth Avenue in Hell's Kitchen.[87] The progressive metal band Dream Theater recorded their fourth studio album Falling into Infinity at Avatar Studios. Their song Hell's Kitchen is named after this area.[88]

The Comedy Central satirical news program The Daily Show was taped in Hell's Kitchen since its debut until late 2021 when it moved to Times Square. In 2005, it moved from its quarters at 54th Street and Tenth Avenue to a new studio in the neighborhood, at 733 Eleventh Avenue, between 51st and 52nd Streets. The 54th and 10th location was used for The Colbert Report throughout its entire run from 2005 until 2014. Until its cancellation, the studio was used for The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore, following Stephen Colbert's departure from Comedy Central. The studio was later used for Tha God's Honest Truth, produced by Colbert. Next door at 511 West 54th Street is Ars Nova theater, home to emerging artists Joe Iconis and breakout star Jesse Eisenberg, among others.

The headquarters of Troma studios was located in Hell's Kitchen before their move to Long Island City in Queens. The Baryshnikov Arts Center opened at 37 Arts on 37th Street in 2005, the Orchestra of St. Luke's opened the DiMenna Center for Classical Music in the same building in 2011. The Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater opened at 55th Street and Ninth Avenue in 2006. The Metropolitan Community Church of New York, geared toward an LGBTQ membership, is located in Hell's Kitchen.

Food

 
Restaurant Row on West 46th Street

Ninth Avenue is noted for its many ethnic restaurants. The Ninth Avenue Association's International Food Festival stretches through the Kitchen from 42nd to 57th Streets every May, usually on the third weekend of the month.[89] It has been going on since 1974 and is one of the oldest street fairs in the city. There are Caribbean, Chinese, French, German, Greek, Italian, Irish, Mexican, and Thai restaurants as well as multiple Afghan, Argentine, Ethiopian, Peruvian, Turkish, Indian, Pakistani, and Vietnamese restaurants. Restaurant Row, so-called because of the abundance of restaurants, is located on West 46th Street between Eighth and Ninth Avenues. Notable establishments on Ninth Avenue include Mickey Spillane's, part-owned by the mobster's son, who also owns Mr. Biggs on Tenth Avenue/43rd Street. There are more restaurants and food carts and trucks on Tenth Avenue between 43rd and 47th Streets.

USS Intrepid Museum

The Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum is located at Hudson River Pier 86, 46th Street. Besides the aircraft carrier USS Intrepid, the museum exhibits the cruise missile submarine USS Growler, a Concorde SST, a Lockheed A-12 supersonic reconnaissance plane, the Space Shuttle Enterprise, a Soyuz descent module, and other items.

Parks and recreation

 
Hell's Kitchen Park

Hell's Kitchen's side streets are mostly lined with trees. The neighborhood does not have many parks or recreational areas, though smaller plots have been converted into green spaces.

One such park is DeWitt Clinton Park on Eleventh Avenue between 52nd and 54th Streets.[90] It is across the West Side Highway from Clinton Cove Park. Another is Hell's Kitchen Park, built in the 1970s on a former parking lot on 10th Avenue between 47th and 48th Streets.[12]

A newer park in Hell's Kitchen is the Hudson Park and Boulevard, which is part of the Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project.[91]

The 100 by 150 ft (30 by 46 m) Clinton Community Garden is located on West 48th Street between Ninth and Tenth Avenues, and consists of 108 plots. Previously a haven for illegal activity, in 1978 the West 48th Street Block Association joined with the Green Guerillas to secure a lease for the site to renovate it for community use. When the city put it up for auction in 1981, residents formed the Committee to Save Clinton Community Garden, through both appeals to Mayor Ed Koch and unsuccessful efforts to purchase the site. In 1984, one month before the auction, the garden was transferred to the city's Parks Department, making it the first community garden to become parkland. It is open from dawn to dusk, and over 2,000 residents have keys to the park, which is used by an average of 500–600 people, including over 100 children, during the warm months. Recreational programs provide for events that include an annual Summer Solstice event, art shows, chamber music picnics, gardening seminars, and dance recitals. Residents have also held weddings in the park, and photographers have used it for photo shoots.[92]

Police and crime

Hell's Kitchen is patrolled by two precincts of the NYPD.[93] The area south of 42nd Street is patrolled by the 10th Precinct of the NYPD, located at 230 West 20th Street in Chelsea,[94] while the area north of 42nd Street is patrolled by the 18th (Midtown North) Precinct, located at 306 West 54th Street.[95] The 10th Precinct ranked 61st safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime in 2010,[96] while the Midtown North and Midtown South precincts ranked 69th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per-capita crime.[97] As of 2018, with a non-fatal assault rate of 34 per 100,000 people, Hell's Kitchen and Chelsea's rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole. The incarceration rate of 313 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole.[77]: 8 

The 10th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 74.8% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 1 murder, 19 rapes, 81 robberies, 103 felony assaults, 78 burglaries, 744 grand larcenies, and 26 grand larcenies auto in 2018.[98] The 18th Precinct also has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s, with crimes across all categories having decreased by 84.2% between 1990 and 2018. The precinct reported 3 murders, 21 rapes, 130 robberies, 190 felony assaults, 175 burglaries, 1,875 grand larcenies, and 31 grand larcenies auto in 2018.[99]

Fire safety

 
Rescue 1

Hell's Kitchen is served by four New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire stations:[100]

  • Rescue 1 – 530 West 43rd Street[101]
  • Engine Company 26 – 222 West 37th Street[102]
  • Engine Company 34/Ladder Company 21 – 440 West 38th Street[103]
  • Engine Company 54/Ladder Company 4/Battalion 9 – 782 8th Avenue[104]

Health

As of 2018, preterm births in Hell's Kitchen and Chelsea are the same as the city average, though births to teenage mothers are less common. In Hell's Kitchen and Chelsea, there were 87 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 9.9 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide).[77]: 11  Hell's Kitchen and Chelsea have a low population of residents who are uninsured. In 2018, this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 11%, slightly less than the citywide rate of 12%.[77]: 14 

The concentration of fine particulate matter, the deadliest type of air pollutant, in Hell's Kitchen and Chelsea is 0.0098 mg/m3 (9.8×10−9 oz/cu ft), more than the city average.[77]: 9  Eleven percent of Hell's Kitchen and Chelsea residents are smokers, which is less than the city average of 14% of residents being smokers.[77]: 13  In Hell's Kitchen and Chelsea, 10% of residents are obese, 5% are diabetic, and 18% have high blood pressure—compared to the citywide averages of 24%, 11%, and 28% respectively.[77]: 16  In addition, 14% of children are obese, compared to the citywide average of 20%.[77]: 12 

Ninety-one percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day, which is higher than the city's average of 87%. In 2018, 86% of residents described their health as "good," "very good," or "excellent," more than the city's average of 78%.[77]: 13  For every supermarket in Hell's Kitchen and Chelsea, there are 7 bodegas.[77]: 10 

The nearest major hospitals are Mount Sinai West in Hell's Kitchen, Bellevue Hospital Center and NYU Langone Medical Center in Kips Bay, and NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital in the Upper East Side.[105][106]

Post offices and ZIP Codes

Hell's Kitchen is located within three primary ZIP Codes. From north to south they are 10018 between 34th and 41st Streets, 10036 between 41st and 48th Streets, and 10019 between 48th and 59th Streets.[107] The United States Postal Service operates three post offices in Hell's Kitchen:

  • Radio City Station – 322 West 52nd Street[108]
  • RCU Annex Station – 340 West 42nd Street[109]
  • Midtown Station – 223 West 38th Street[110]

In addition, the James A. Farley Station, the main post office for New York City, is located at 421 8th Avenue.[111]

Education

 
New York Public Library, Columbus branch

Hell's Kitchen and Chelsea generally have a higher rate of college-educated residents than the rest of the city as of 2018. A majority of residents age 25 and older (78%) have a college education or higher, while 6% have less than a high school education and 17% are high school graduates or have some college education. By contrast, 64% of Manhattan residents and 43% of city residents have a college education or higher.[77]: 6  The percentage of Hell's Kitchen and Chelsea students excelling in math rose from 61% in 2000 to 80% in 2011, and reading achievement increased from 66% to 68% during the same time period.[112]

Hell's Kitchen and Chelsea's rate of elementary school student absenteeism is lower than the rest of New York City. In Hell's Kitchen and Chelsea, 16% of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year, less than the citywide average of 20%.[78]: 24 (PDF p. 55) [77]: 6  Additionally, 81% of high school students in Hell's Kitchen and Chelsea graduate on time, more than the citywide average of 75%.[77]: 6 

Schools

The New York City Department of Education operates the following public elementary schools in Hell's Kitchen as part of Community School District 2:[113]

  • P.S. 35 (grades K, 2-12)[114]
  • P.S. 51 Elias Howe (grades PK-5)[115]
  • P.S. 111 Adolph S Ochs (grades PK-5, 7-8)[116]

The following high schools are located in Hell's Kitchen, serving grades 9-12 unless otherwise indicated:[113]

The Success Academy Charter Schools group opened an elementary school,[128] Success Academy Hell's Kitchen,[129] in the High School of Graphic Communication Arts building in 2013.[128]

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York operates Catholic schools in Manhattan. The Holy Cross School served the Hells Kitchen/Times Square area. c. 2011 it had about 300 students.[130] Some students originated from areas outside of New York City and outside New York State. In 2013 the archdiocese announced that the school was to close.[131] The school had the possibility of remaining open if $720,000 in pledges to the school were obtained, and the school community almost got to the number; however, the school was to be closed anyway.[132]

Library

The New York Public Library (NYPL) operates the Columbus branch at 742 10th Avenue. The Columbus branch was founded in 1901 as the Columbus Catholic Club's collection, and it became an NYPL branch four years later. The current Carnegie library building opened in 1909 and was renovated in 2004–2005.[133]

Transportation

 
Port Authority Bus Terminal at 42nd and Eighth Avenue
 
Amtrak train in Empire Connection trench

Public transport

Hell's Kitchen is bounded on the east by the New York City Subway's IND Eighth Avenue Line (A, ​C, and ​E trains). The MTA built the 7 Subway Extension (7 and <7>​ trains) for the aforementioned Hudson Yards development. The extension to 34th Street–Hudson Yards opened on September 13, 2015,[73][74] making the IRT Flushing Line the westernmost New York City Subway line within Midtown.[134]

Several New York City Bus routes (namely the M11, M12, M31, M34 SBS, M42 and M50, as well as express bus routes) also service the area.[135]

Ferry operations in the neighborhood include Circle Line Sightseeing Cruises at West 42nd Street.[136] NY Waterway service is available at the West Midtown Ferry Terminal at 38th Street.[137] Service on the St. George route of the NYC Ferry system will also begin serving 38th Street in 2020.[138][139][140]

Private transport

The Lincoln Tunnel connects New York City to New Jersey. The tunnel consists of three vehicular tubes of varying lengths, with two traffic lanes in each tube. The center tube contains reversible lanes.[141][142]

Parking lots dot the neighborhood but are dwindling in quantity as developments are being built. Eleventh Avenue is lined with car dealerships, many of which claim to have the highest volume among all dealerships for their brands in the country.[143]

Many of the horse-drawn carriages from Central Park stay in stables just off the West Side Highway. It is not uncommon to hear the sound of horses in the neighborhood. There have been calls for banning horse-drawn carriages, especially from Mayor of New York City Bill de Blasio following a handful of collisions between cars and carriages.[144][145][146] The carriage horses live in stables originally built in the 19th century, but today contain modern design features such as fans, misting systems, box stalls, and sprinkler systems. The carriage horses live upstairs in their stables while the carriages are parked below on the ground floor.[147][148]

Intercity and long-distance transport

The massive Port Authority Bus Terminal is between 40th and 42nd Streets and Eighth and Ninth Avenues. It serves numerous commuter and intercity routes, as well as airport shuttles and tour buses.[149]

Cruise ships frequently dock at the New York Passenger Ship Terminal in the 48th to 52nd Street piers, respectively numbered Piers 88, 90, and 92.[150] The piers originally built in 1930 are now considered small, and some cruise traffic uses other locations.[151]

Located just southeast of Hell's Kitchen is Penn Station. It is the busiest railroad station in North America,[152][153] with 600,000 Long Island Rail Road, NJ Transit Rail, and Amtrak passengers using the station on an average weekday as of 2013.[154][155] One railroad line to Penn Station runs through the neighborhood, the Empire Connection, which is located in the sunken West Side Line west of Tenth Avenue. Parts of the trench have been covered over.[156]

In popular culture

Comics

Books

  • The character Gail Wynand in Ayn Rand's 1943 novel The Fountainhead grew up in Hell's Kitchen. Several chapters in the book are extensive flashbacks to his childhood and youth there. At the end of the book he buys up several blocks of Hell's Kitchen, in which to build the world's tallest skyscraper.[citation needed]
  • Apollo, the protagonist from Rick Riordan's 2016 novel The Hidden Oracle, crashes in a Hell's Kitchen dumpster after being turned mortal, and meets and is saved from muggers by his companion Meg McCaffrey there.[citation needed]
  • The titular character in Taylor Jenkins Reid's 2017 novel The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo was born in Hell's Kitchen.[159]
  • City of Girls (2019) by Elizabeth Gilbert is set in Hell's Kitchen in the 1940s.[160]
  • Patrick Bateman in Bret Easton Ellis' "American Psycho" (1991) regularly disposed of his victims in Hell's Kitchen, as well as picking up several prostitutes, such as the returning character Christie.

Television

Film

Video games

Music

Notable residents

See also: Manhattan Plaza § Notable people

Notable current and former residents of Hell's Kitchen include:

Notes

  1. ^ Norton, the great-nephew of John Leake, founder of Leake and Watts Children's Home, is listed among early 19th-century owners of considerable tracts in what is now Hell's Kitchen, with John Jacob Astor, William Cutting, Thomas Addis Emmet, Andrew Hopper, John Horn and William Wright.[19]

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External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan.

June 18, 2023
hell, kitchen, manhattan, hell, kitchen, redirects, here, british, television, show, hell, kitchen, british, series, american, television, show, hell, kitchen, american, series, other, uses, hell, kitchen, disambiguation, hell, kitchen, also, known, clinton, n. Hell s Kitchen redirects here For the British television show see Hell s Kitchen British TV series For the American television show see Hell s Kitchen American TV series For other uses see Hell s Kitchen disambiguation Hell s Kitchen also known as Clinton is a neighborhood on the West Side of Midtown Manhattan in New York City It is considered to be bordered by 34th Street or 41st Street to the south 59th Street to the north Eighth Avenue to the east and the Hudson River to the west Hell s KitchenNeighborhood of ManhattanLooking south on Ninth Avenue from 49th StreetNickname s HK ClintonCoordinates 40 45 51 N 73 59 32 W 40 76417 N 73 99222 W 40 76417 73 99222Country United StatesState New YorkCityNew York CityBoroughManhattanCommunity DistrictManhattan 4 1 Area Total0 841 sq mi 2 18 km2 Population 2020 2 Total49 758 Density59 000 sq mi 23 000 km2 Ethnicity 3 White56 4 Asian or Pacific Islander15 0 Hispanic19 3 Black6 3 Other3 0 Economics Median income 98 727Time zoneUTC 05 00 Eastern Summer DST UTC 04 00 EDT ZIP Codes10018 10019 10036Area code212 332 646 and 917Hell s Kitchen has long been a bastion of poor and working class Irish Americans though significant demographic changes have occurred especially from the late 1970s to early 2000s and present Though its gritty reputation has long held real estate prices below those of most other areas of Manhattan even by 1969 the City Planning Commission s Plan for New York City reported that development pressures related to its Midtown location were driving people of modest means from the area Since the early 1980s the area has been gentrifying and rents have risen rapidly Home of the Actors Studio training school and adjacent to Broadway theatres Hell s Kitchen has long been a home to fledgling and working actors Today in addition to the long established Irish American and Hispanic American populations in the neighborhood the area has a large LGBTQ population and is home to a large number of LGBTQ bars and businesses 4 Hell s Kitchen is part of Manhattan Community District 4 1 It is patrolled by the 10th and Midtown North Precincts of the New York City Police Department The area provides transport medical and warehouse infrastructure support to the business district of Manhattan It is also known for its extensive selection of multiethnic small and relatively inexpensive restaurants delicatessens bodegas bars and associated nightlife Contents 1 Boundaries 2 Name 3 History 3 1 Early history and development 3 2 Unity with the city and deterioration 3 3 First wave of gentrification 3 3 1 Special Clinton zoning district 3 3 2 Windermere 3 3 3 Failed rezoning attempts 3 4 September 11 2001 3 5 Redevelopment and second wave of gentrification 3 5 1 Hudson Yards 4 Demographics 5 Culture 5 1 Entertainment industry 5 2 Food 5 3 USS Intrepid Museum 6 Parks and recreation 7 Police and crime 8 Fire safety 9 Health 10 Post offices and ZIP Codes 11 Education 11 1 Schools 11 2 Library 12 Transportation 12 1 Public transport 12 2 Private transport 12 3 Intercity and long distance transport 13 In popular culture 13 1 Comics 13 2 Books 13 3 Television 13 4 Film 13 5 Video games 13 6 Music 14 Notable residents 15 Notes 16 References 17 External linksBoundaries Edit General map of the Hell s Kitchen area including the northern part of Hudson Yards to the south but excluding the Columbus Circle transition area to the north The name Hell s Kitchen generally refers to the area between 34th to the south and 59th Street to the north Starting west of Eighth Avenue and the north side of 43rd Street city zoning regulations generally limit buildings to six stories As a result most of the buildings are older and are often walk up apartments For the most part the neighborhood encompasses the ZIP Codes 10019 and 10036 The post office for 10019 is called Radio City Station the original name for Rockefeller Center on Sixth Avenue 5 6 The neighborhood overlaps Times Square and the Theater District to the east at Eighth Avenue On its southeast border it overlaps the Garment District also on Eighth Avenue Two landmarks are located here the New Yorker Hotel at 481 Eighth Avenue and the Manhattan Center building at the northwest corner of 34th Street and Eighth Avenue Included in the transition area on Eighth Avenue are the Port Authority Bus Terminal at 42nd Street the Pride of Midtown fire station from which an entire shift 15 firefighters died at the World Trade Center several theatres including Studio 54 the original soup stand of Seinfeld s The Soup Nazi and the Hearst Tower 5 The northern edge of Hell s Kitchen borders the southern edge of the Upper West Side though the section west of Ninth Avenue and south of 57th Street is also part of the Columbus Circle neighborhood 57th Street was traditionally the boundary between the Upper West Side and Hell s Kitchen but another interpretation puts the northern border at 59th Street where the names of the north south avenues change Included between 57th and 59th Streets the Time Warner Center at Columbus Circle Hudson Hotel Mount Sinai West where John Lennon died in 1980 after being shot and John Jay College 5 Beyond the southern boundary is Chelsea The Hudson Yards neighborhood overlaps with Hell s Kitchen and the areas are often lumped together as West Midtown given their proximity to the Midtown Manhattan business district The traditional dividing line with Chelsea is 34th Street 5 The area between the rail corridor at Pennsylvania Station and the West Side Yard and 42nd Street and east of the Jacob K Javits Convention Center is also known as Hell s Kitchen South 7 8 The western border of the neighborhood is the Hudson River at the Hudson River Park and West Side Highway 5 Name Edit Looking south from Eighth Avenue and 46th Street View from between 47th and 48th Streets on Ninth Avenue looking northeast toward Time Warner Center and Hearst Tower Several explanations exist for the original name An early use of the phrase appears in a comment Davy Crockett made about another notorious Irish slum in Manhattan Five Points According to the Irish Cultural Society of the Garden City Area When in 1835 Davy Crockett said In my part of the country when you meet an Irishman you find a first rate gentleman but these are worse than savages they are too mean to swab hell s kitchen he was referring to the Five Points 9 According to an article by Kirkley Greenwell published online by the Hell s Kitchen Neighborhood Association No one can pin down the exact origin of the label but some refer to a tenement on 54th Street as the first Hell s Kitchen Another explanation points to an infamous building at 39th as the true original A gang and a local dive took the name as well 10 Local historian Mary Clark explained the name thus first appeared in print on September 22 1881 when a New York Times reporter went to the West 30s with a police guide to get details of a multiple murder there He referred to a particularly infamous tenement at 39th Street and Tenth Avenue as Hell s Kitchen and said that the entire section was probably the lowest and filthiest in the city According to this version 39th Street between 9th and 10th Avenues became known as Hell s Kitchen and the name was later expanded to the surrounding streets Another version ascribes the name s origins to a German restaurant in the area known as Heil s Kitchen after its proprietors 11 But the most common version traces it to the story of Dutch Fred the Cop a veteran policeman who with his rookie partner was watching a small riot on West 39th Street near Tenth Avenue The rookie is supposed to have said This place is hell itself to which Fred replied Hell s a mild climate This is Hell s Kitchen 12 The 1929 book Manna Hatin The Story of New York states that the Panic of 1857 led to the formation of gangs in the notorious Gas House District at Twenty First Street and the East River or in Hell s Kitchen in the West Thirties 13 Hell s Kitchen has become the most frequently used name of the neighborhood even though real estate developers have offered alternatives of Clinton and Midtown West or even the Mid West The Clinton name used by the municipality of New York City originated in 1959 in an attempt to link the area to DeWitt Clinton Park at 52nd and Eleventh Avenue named after the 19th century New York governor 14 History EditEarly history and development Edit Great Kill redirects here For the neighborhood in Staten Island see Great Kills Staten Island Manhattan Cruise Terminal in Hell s Kitchen at 52nd Street On the island of Manhattan as it was when Europeans first saw it the Great Kill formed from three small streams that united near present day Tenth Avenue and 40th Street and then wound through the low lying Reed Valley renowned for fish and waterfowl 15 to empty into the Hudson River at a deep bay on the river at the present 42nd Street 16 The name was retained in a tiny hamlet called Great Kill which became a center for carriage making while the upland to the south and east became known as Longacre the predecessor of Longacre Square now Times Square 17 One of the large farms of the colonial era in this neighborhood was that of Andreas Hopper and his descendants extending from today s 48th Street nearly to 59th Street and from the river east to what is now Sixth Avenue One of the Hopper farmhouses built in 1752 for John Hopper the younger stood near 53rd Street and Eleventh Avenue christened Rosevale for its extensive gardens it was the home of the War of 1812 veteran Gen Garrit Hopper Striker and lasted until 1896 when it was demolished The site was purchased for the city and naturalistically landscaped by Samuel Parsons Jr as DeWitt Clinton Park In 1911 New York Hospital bought a full city block largely of the Hopper property between 54th and 55th Streets Eleventh and Twelfth Avenues 18 Beyond the railroad track projecting into the river at 54th Street was Mott s Point with an 18th century Mott family house surrounded by gardens that was inhabited by members of the family until 1884 and survived until 1895 19 Harborview Terrace public housing buildings between West 54th and West 56th Streets and Tenth and Eleventh Avenues part of the New York City Housing Authority 20 A lone surviving structure that dates from the time this area was open farmland and suburban villas is a pre 1800s carriage house that once belonged to a villa owned by former Vice President and New York State governor George Clinton now in a narrow court behind 422 West 46th Street 21 From 1811 until it was officially de mapped in 1857 the diminutive Bloomingdale Square was part of the city s intended future it extended from 53rd to 57th Streets between Eighth and Ninth Avenues It was eliminated after the establishment of Central Park 22 and the name shifted to the junction of Broadway West End Avenue and 106th Street now Straus Park In 1825 the City purchased for 10 clear title to a right of way through John Leake Norton s a farm The Hermitage to lay out 42nd Street clear to the river Before long cattle ferried from Weehawken were being driven along the unpaved route to slaughterhouses on the East Side 23 Seventy acres of the Leakes later the Nortons property extending north from 42nd to 46th Street and from Broadway to the river had been purchased before 1807 by John Jacob Astor and William Cutting who held it before dividing it into building lots as the district became more suburban The West Side later had its own slaughterhouses which went out of business in the middle 20th century 24 Unity with the city and deterioration Edit This section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources in this section Unsourced material may be challenged and removed June 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message Hell s Kitchen and Sebastopol c 1890 photographed by Jacob Riis There were multiple changes that helped Hell s Kitchen integrate with New York City proper The first was construction of the Hudson River Railroad whose initial leg the 40 mi 64 km to Peekskill was completed on September 29 1849 By the end of 1849 it stretched to Poughkeepsie and in 1851 it extended to Albany The track ran at a steep grade up Eleventh Avenue as far as 60th Street 25 The formerly rural riverfront was industrialized by businesses such as tanneries that used the river for shipping products and dumping waste The neighborhood that would later be known as Hell s Kitchen started forming in the southern part of the 22nd Ward in the mid 19th century Irish immigrants mostly refugees from the Great Famine found work on the docks and railroad along the Hudson River and established shantytowns there Mission House Hell s Kitchen c 1915 After the American Civil War there was an influx of people who moved to New York City The tenements that were built became overcrowded quickly Many who lived in this congested poverty stricken area turned to gang life Following Prohibition implemented in 1919 the district s many warehouses were ideal locations for bootleg distilleries for the rumrunners who controlled illicit liquor At the start of the 20th century the neighborhood was controlled by gangs including the violent Gopher Gang led by One Lung Curran and later by Owney Madden 26 Early gangs like the Hell s Kitchen Gang transformed into organized crime entities around the same time that Owney Madden became one of the most powerful mobsters in New York It became known as the most dangerous area on the American Continent By the 1930s when the McGraw Hill Building was constructed in Hell s Kitchen the surrounding area was still largely tenements 27 After the repeal of Prohibition many of the organized crime elements moved into other rackets such as illegal gambling and union shakedowns The postwar era was characterized by a flourishing waterfront and longshoreman work was plentiful By the end of the 1970s however the implementation of containerized shipping led to the decline of the West Side piers and many longshoremen found themselves out of work In addition construction of the Lincoln Tunnel in the 1930s Lincoln Tunnel access roads and the Port Authority Bus Terminal and ramps starting in 1950 destroyed much of Hell s Kitchen south of 41st Street 28 In 1959 an aborted rumble between rival Irish and Puerto Rican gangs led to the notorious Capeman murders in which two innocent teenagers mistaken for rival gang members were killed 29 By 1965 Hell s Kitchen was the home base of the Westies an Irish mob aligned with the Gambino crime family It was not until the early 1980s that widespread gentrification began to alter the demographics of the longtime working class Irish American neighborhood The 1980s also saw an end to the Westies reign of terror when the gang lost all of its power after the RICO convictions of most of its principals in 1986 First wave of gentrification Edit Special Clinton zoning district Edit Eighth Avenue was once lined with porn stores and theaters The stores have mostly gone since the late 1990s but this particular store which was highlighted in the 2003 film Phone Booth remained until 2007 Although the neighborhood is immediately west of New York s main business district large scale redevelopment has been kept in check for more than 40 years by strict zoning rules in a Special Clinton District 30 designed to protect the neighborhood s residents and its low rise character In part to qualify for federal aid New York developed a comprehensive Plan for New York City in 1969 70 While for almost all neighborhoods the master plan contained few proposals it was very explicit about the bright future of Hell s Kitchen The plan called for 2 000 to 3 000 new hotel rooms 25 000 apartments 25 10 6 sq ft 2 300 000 m2 of office space a new super liner terminal a subway along 48th Street and a convention center to replace what the plan described as blocks of antiquated and deteriorating structures of every sort 31 32 However outrage at the massive residential displacement that this development project would have caused 33 and the failure of the City to complete any replacement housing led to opposition to the first project a new convention center to replace the New York Coliseum 34 To prevent the convention center from sparking a development boom that would beget the rest of the master plan with its consequent displacement the Clinton Planning Council and Daniel Gutman their environmental planner proposed that the convention center and all major development be located south of 42nd Street where public policy had already left tracts of vacant land 35 Nevertheless in 1973 the Jacob K Javits Convention Center was approved for a 44th Street site that would replace piers 84 and 86 But in exchange and after the defeat of a bond issue that would have funded a 48th Street people mover 36 the City first abandoned the rest of the 1969 70 master plan 37 and then gave the neighborhood a special zoning district to restrict further redevelopment 38 Since then limited new development has filled in the many empty lots and rejuvenated existing buildings Later in 1978 when the city could not afford the higher cost of constructing the 44th Street convention center over water the Mayor and Governor chose the rail yard site originally proposed by the local community 39 The SCD was originally split into four areas Preservation Area 43rd to 56th Streets between Eighth and Tenth Avenues R 7 density 6 story height limit on new buildings suggested average apartment size of two bedrooms this was a response to the fact that between 1960 and 1970 developers had torn down 2 300 family sized units and replaced them with 1 500 smaller units Perimeter Area Eighth Avenue 42nd and 57th Streets Bulkier development permitted to counterbalance the downzoning in the preservation area Mixed Use Area Tenth and Eleventh Avenues between 43rd and 50th Streets Mixed residential and manufacturing New residential development only permitted in conjunction with manufacturing areas Later combined into Other Areas Other Areas West of Eleventh Avenue Industrial and waterfront uses Later combined with Mixed Use Area Special permits are required for all demolition and construction in the SCD including demolition of any sound housing in the District and any rehabilitation that increases the number of dwellings in a structure In the original provisions no building could be demolished unless it was unsound New developments conversions or alterations that create new units or zero bedroom units must contain at least 20 two bedroom apartments with a minimum room size of 168 sq ft 16 m2 Alterations that reduce the percentage of two bedroom units are not permitted unless the resulting building meets the 20 two bedroom requirement Finally building height in the Preservation Area cannot exceed 66 ft 20 m or seven stories whichever is less Windermere Edit Windermere Apartments at Ninth Avenue and 57th Street As the gentrification pace increased there were numerous reports of problems between landlords and tenants The most extreme example was the eight story Windermere Apartments complex at the southwest corner of Ninth Avenue and 57th Street Built in 1881 it is the second oldest large apartment house in Manhattan 40 In 1980 the owner Alan B Weissman tried to empty the building of its tenants According to former tenants and court papers rooms were ransacked doors were ripped out prostitutes were moved in and tenants received death threats in the campaign to empty the building All the major New York newspapers covered the trials that sent the Windermere s managers to jail Although Weissman was never linked to the harassment he and his wife made top billing in the 1985 edition of The Village Voice s annual list The Dirty Dozen New York s Worst Landlords 41 Most of the tenants eventually settled and moved out of the building As of May 2006 seven tenants remained 42 and court orders protecting the tenants and the building allowed it to remain in derelict condition even as the surrounding neighborhood was experiencing a dramatic burst of demolition and redevelopment Finally in September 2007 the fire department evacuated those remaining seven residents from the building citing dangerous conditions and padlocked the front door 43 In 2008 the New York Supreme Court ruled that the owners of the building who include the TOA Construction Corporation of Japan must repair it 44 Failed rezoning attempts Edit Looking south on Tenth Avenue from 59th Street By the 1980s the area south of 42nd Street was in decline Both the state and the city hoped that the Jacob K Javits Convention Center would renew the area 45 Hotels restaurants apartment buildings and television studios were proposed 46 One proposal included apartments and hotels on a 30 acres 12 ha pier jutting out onto Hudson River which also included a marina ferry slip stores restaurants and a performing arts center 47 At Ninth Avenue and 33rd Street a 32 story office tower would be built 48 Hotels apartment buildings and a Madison Square Garden would be built over the tracks west of Pennsylvania Station 49 50 North of the Javits Center a Television City would be developed by Larry Silverstein in conjunction with NBC 46 One impediment to development was the lack of mass transit in the area which is far from Penn Station and none of the proposals for a link to Penn Station was pursued successfully for example the ill fated West Side Transitway 51 No changes to the zoning policy happened until 1990 when the city rezoned a small segment of 11th Avenue near the Javits Center 52 53 In 1993 part of 9th Avenue between 35th and 41st Streets was also rezoned 54 55 However neither of these rezonings was particularly significant as most of the area was still zoned as a manufacturing district with low rise apartment buildings 56 By the early 1990s there was a recession which scuttled plans for rezoning and severely reduced the amount of development in the area 57 After the recession was over developers invested in areas like Times Square eastern Hell s Kitchen and Chelsea but mostly skipped the Far West Side 58 September 11 2001 Edit Memorial to 15 firefighters from Engine Co 54 Ladder Co 4 Battalion 9 who died on September 11 2001 While most fire stations in Manhattan lost firefighters in the September 11 2001 terrorist attacks the station with the greatest loss of firefighters was Engine Co 54 Ladder Co 4 Battalion 9 at 48th Street and Eighth Avenue which lost 15 firefighters 59 Given its proximity to Midtown the station has specialized in skyscraper fires and rescues in 2007 it was the second busiest firehouse in New York City with 9 685 runs between the two companies 60 Its patch reads Pride of Midtown and Never Missed a Performance Memorials dot the station s exterior walls and a granite memorial is in a park to its north Ladder 21 the Pride of Hell s Kitchen located on 38th Street between Ninth and Tenth Avenues and stationed with Engine Co 34 lost seven firefighters on September 11 61 In addition on September 11 Engine Co 26 was temporarily stationed with Engine Co 34 Ladder Co 21 and lost many firefighters themselves Redevelopment and second wave of gentrification Edit Looking north on 8th Avenue from 42nd Street Hell s Kitchen has become an increasingly upscale neighborhood of affluent young professionals as well as residents from the old days 62 63 64 with rents in the neighborhood having increased dramatically above the average in Manhattan 65 It has also acquired a large and diverse community as residents have moved north from Chelsea Zoning has long restricted the extension of Midtown Manhattan s skyscraper development into Hell s Kitchen at least north of 42nd Street 66 The David Childs and Frank Williams designed Worldwide Plaza established a beachhead when it was built in 1989 at the former Madison Square Garden site a full city block between 49th and 50th Streets and between Eighth and Ninth Avenues that was exempt from special district zoning rules This project led a real estate building boom on Eighth Avenue including the Hearst Tower at 56th Street and Eighth Avenue An indication of how fast real estate prices rose in the neighborhood was a 2004 transaction involving the Howard Johnson s Motel at 52nd Street and Eighth Avenue In June Vikram Chatwal s Hampshire Hotel Group bought the motel and adjoining Studio Instrument Rental building for 9 million In August they sold the property to Elad Properties for about 43 million Elad which formerly owned the Plaza Hotel built The Link a luxury 44 story building at that location 67 Hudson Yards Edit Main article Hudson Yards Manhattan In 2003 the New York City Department of City Planning issued a master plan that envisioned the creation of 40 000 000 sq ft 3 700 000 m2 of commercial and residential development two corridors of open space 68 Dubbed the Hudson Yards Master Plan the area covered is bordered on the east by Seventh and Eighth Avenues on the south by West 28th and 30th Streets on the north by West 43rd Street and on the west by Hudson River Park and the Hudson River The City s plan was similar to a neighborhood plan produced by architect Meta Brunzema and environmental planner Daniel Gutman for the Hell s Kitchen Neighborhood Association HKNA The main concept of the HKNA plan was to allow major new development while protecting the existing residential core area between Ninth and Tenth avenues 69 70 As plans developed they included a mixed use real estate development by Related Companies and Oxford Properties over the MTA s West Side Yard 71 a renovation of the Javits Convention Center 72 and the 7 Subway Extension to the 34th Street Hudson Yards station at 34th Street and 11th Avenue which opened on September 13 2015 73 74 The first phase of the Related project completed in March 2019 comprises The Shops amp Restaurants at Hudson Yards a public space centered around the Vessel structure the Shed arts center and several skyscrapers 75 By the 2010s the neighborhood had become home to young Wall Street financiers 76 Demographics Edit West 43rd Street Based on data from the 2020 United States census the population of Hell s Kitchen Clinton was 49 758 an increase of 3 874 8 4 from the 45 884 counted in 2010 Covering an area of 0 841 sq mi 2 18 km2 the neighborhood had a population density of 59 165 sq mi 22 825 sq km 2 The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 52 8 White 5 5 African American 21 1 Hispanic or Latino 17 5 Asian and 3 2 from other races 2 The entirety of Community District 4 which comprises Hell s Kitchen and Chelsea had 122 119 inhabitants as of NYC Health s 2018 Community Health Profile with an average life expectancy of 83 1 years 77 2 20 This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81 2 for all New York City neighborhoods 78 53 PDF p 84 79 Most inhabitants are adults a plurality 45 are between the ages of 25 44 while 26 are between 45 64 and 13 are 65 or older The ratio of youth and college aged residents was lower at 9 and 8 respectively 77 2 As of 2017 the median household income in Community Districts 4 and 5 was 101 981 80 In 2018 an estimated 11 of Hell s Kitchen and Chelsea residents lived in poverty compared to 14 in all of Manhattan and 20 in all of New York City One in twenty residents 5 was unemployed compared to 7 in Manhattan and 9 in New York City Rent burden or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent is 41 in Hell s Kitchen and Chelsea compared to the boroughwide and citywide rates of 45 and 51 respectively Based on this calculation as of 2018 update Hell s Kitchen and Chelsea are considered to be high income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying 77 7 Culture EditEntertainment industry Edit Hell s Kitchen gear for sale in the Video Cafe on Ninth Avenue shop closed in January 2014 81 Manhattan Plaza performing artists residence Ninth Avenue 43rd Street Hell s Kitchen s gritty reputation had made its housing prices lower than elsewhere in Manhattan Given the lower costs in the past and its proximity to Broadway theatres the neighborhood is a haven for aspiring actors 82 83 Many famous actors and entertainers have resided there including Burt Reynolds Rip Torn Bob Hope Charlton Heston James Dean Madonna Jerry Seinfeld Larry David Alicia Keys and Sylvester Stallone This is due in large part to the Actors Studio on West 44th at which Lee Strasberg taught and developed method acting 84 With the opening of the original Improv by Budd Friedman in 1963 the club became a hangout for singers to perform but quickly attracted comedians as well turning it into the reigning comedy club of its time Once located at 358 West 44th Street and Ninth Avenue it has since closed 85 Manhattan Plaza at 43rd Street between Ninth and Tenth Avenues was built in the 1970s to house artists It consists of two 46 story towers with 70 of the apartments set aside for rent discounts for those who work in the arts 86 The Actors Temple and St Malachy Roman Catholic Church with its Actors Chapel also testify to the long time presence of show business people The neighborhood is also home to a number of broadcast and music recording studios including the CBS Broadcast Center at 524 West 57th Street where the CBS television network records many of its news and sports programs such as 60 Minutes and The NFL Today the former Sony Music Studios at 460 West 54th Street which closed in 2007 Manhattan Center Studios at 311 West 34th Street and Right Track Recording s Studio A509 orchestral recording facility at West 38th Street and Tenth Avenue The syndicated Montel Williams Show was also taped at the Unitel Studios 433 West 53rd Street between Ninth and Tenth Avenues In 2016 rock music singer and songwriter Sting recorded his album entitled 57th amp 9th at Avatar Studios a music studio located near the intersection of 57th Street and Ninth Avenue in Hell s Kitchen 87 The progressive metal band Dream Theater recorded their fourth studio album Falling into Infinity at Avatar Studios Their song Hell s Kitchen is named after this area 88 The Comedy Central satirical news program The Daily Show was taped in Hell s Kitchen since its debut until late 2021 when it moved to Times Square In 2005 it moved from its quarters at 54th Street and Tenth Avenue to a new studio in the neighborhood at 733 Eleventh Avenue between 51st and 52nd Streets The 54th and 10th location was used for The Colbert Report throughout its entire run from 2005 until 2014 Until its cancellation the studio was used for The Nightly Show with Larry Wilmore following Stephen Colbert s departure from Comedy Central The studio was later used for Tha God s Honest Truth produced by Colbert Next door at 511 West 54th Street is Ars Nova theater home to emerging artists Joe Iconis and breakout star Jesse Eisenberg among others The headquarters of Troma studios was located in Hell s Kitchen before their move to Long Island City in Queens The Baryshnikov Arts Center opened at 37 Arts on 37th Street in 2005 the Orchestra of St Luke s opened the DiMenna Center for Classical Music in the same building in 2011 The Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater opened at 55th Street and Ninth Avenue in 2006 The Metropolitan Community Church of New York geared toward an LGBTQ membership is located in Hell s Kitchen Food Edit Restaurant Row on West 46th Street Ninth Avenue is noted for its many ethnic restaurants The Ninth Avenue Association s International Food Festival stretches through the Kitchen from 42nd to 57th Streets every May usually on the third weekend of the month 89 It has been going on since 1974 and is one of the oldest street fairs in the city There are Caribbean Chinese French German Greek Italian Irish Mexican and Thai restaurants as well as multiple Afghan Argentine Ethiopian Peruvian Turkish Indian Pakistani and Vietnamese restaurants Restaurant Row so called because of the abundance of restaurants is located on West 46th Street between Eighth and Ninth Avenues Notable establishments on Ninth Avenue include Mickey Spillane s part owned by the mobster s son who also owns Mr Biggs on Tenth Avenue 43rd Street There are more restaurants and food carts and trucks on Tenth Avenue between 43rd and 47th Streets USS Intrepid Museum Edit The Intrepid Sea Air amp Space Museum is located at Hudson River Pier 86 46th Street Besides the aircraft carrier USS Intrepid the museum exhibits the cruise missile submarine USS Growler a Concorde SST a Lockheed A 12 supersonic reconnaissance plane the Space Shuttle Enterprise a Soyuz descent module and other items Parks and recreation Edit Hell s Kitchen Park Hell s Kitchen s side streets are mostly lined with trees The neighborhood does not have many parks or recreational areas though smaller plots have been converted into green spaces One such park is DeWitt Clinton Park on Eleventh Avenue between 52nd and 54th Streets 90 It is across the West Side Highway from Clinton Cove Park Another is Hell s Kitchen Park built in the 1970s on a former parking lot on 10th Avenue between 47th and 48th Streets 12 A newer park in Hell s Kitchen is the Hudson Park and Boulevard which is part of the Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project 91 The 100 by 150 ft 30 by 46 m Clinton Community Garden is located on West 48th Street between Ninth and Tenth Avenues and consists of 108 plots Previously a haven for illegal activity in 1978 the West 48th Street Block Association joined with the Green Guerillas to secure a lease for the site to renovate it for community use When the city put it up for auction in 1981 residents formed the Committee to Save Clinton Community Garden through both appeals to Mayor Ed Koch and unsuccessful efforts to purchase the site In 1984 one month before the auction the garden was transferred to the city s Parks Department making it the first community garden to become parkland It is open from dawn to dusk and over 2 000 residents have keys to the park which is used by an average of 500 600 people including over 100 children during the warm months Recreational programs provide for events that include an annual Summer Solstice event art shows chamber music picnics gardening seminars and dance recitals Residents have also held weddings in the park and photographers have used it for photo shoots 92 Police and crime EditHell s Kitchen is patrolled by two precincts of the NYPD 93 The area south of 42nd Street is patrolled by the 10th Precinct of the NYPD located at 230 West 20th Street in Chelsea 94 while the area north of 42nd Street is patrolled by the 18th Midtown North Precinct located at 306 West 54th Street 95 The 10th Precinct ranked 61st safest out of 69 patrol areas for per capita crime in 2010 96 while the Midtown North and Midtown South precincts ranked 69th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per capita crime 97 As of 2018 update with a non fatal assault rate of 34 per 100 000 people Hell s Kitchen and Chelsea s rate of violent crimes per capita is less than that of the city as a whole The incarceration rate of 313 per 100 000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole 77 8 The 10th Precinct has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s with crimes across all categories having decreased by 74 8 between 1990 and 2018 The precinct reported 1 murder 19 rapes 81 robberies 103 felony assaults 78 burglaries 744 grand larcenies and 26 grand larcenies auto in 2018 98 The 18th Precinct also has a lower crime rate than in the 1990s with crimes across all categories having decreased by 84 2 between 1990 and 2018 The precinct reported 3 murders 21 rapes 130 robberies 190 felony assaults 175 burglaries 1 875 grand larcenies and 31 grand larcenies auto in 2018 99 Fire safety Edit Rescue 1 Hell s Kitchen is served by four New York City Fire Department FDNY fire stations 100 Rescue 1 530 West 43rd Street 101 Engine Company 26 222 West 37th Street 102 Engine Company 34 Ladder Company 21 440 West 38th Street 103 Engine Company 54 Ladder Company 4 Battalion 9 782 8th Avenue 104 Health EditAs of 2018 update preterm births in Hell s Kitchen and Chelsea are the same as the city average though births to teenage mothers are less common In Hell s Kitchen and Chelsea there were 87 preterm births per 1 000 live births compared to 87 per 1 000 citywide and 9 9 births to teenage mothers per 1 000 live births compared to 19 3 per 1 000 citywide 77 11 Hell s Kitchen and Chelsea have a low population of residents who are uninsured In 2018 this population of uninsured residents was estimated to be 11 slightly less than the citywide rate of 12 77 14 The concentration of fine particulate matter the deadliest type of air pollutant in Hell s Kitchen and Chelsea is 0 0098 mg m3 9 8 10 9 oz cu ft more than the city average 77 9 Eleven percent of Hell s Kitchen and Chelsea residents are smokers which is less than the city average of 14 of residents being smokers 77 13 In Hell s Kitchen and Chelsea 10 of residents are obese 5 are diabetic and 18 have high blood pressure compared to the citywide averages of 24 11 and 28 respectively 77 16 In addition 14 of children are obese compared to the citywide average of 20 77 12 Ninety one percent of residents eat some fruits and vegetables every day which is higher than the city s average of 87 In 2018 86 of residents described their health as good very good or excellent more than the city s average of 78 77 13 For every supermarket in Hell s Kitchen and Chelsea there are 7 bodegas 77 10 The nearest major hospitals are Mount Sinai West in Hell s Kitchen Bellevue Hospital Center and NYU Langone Medical Center in Kips Bay and NewYork Presbyterian Hospital in the Upper East Side 105 106 Post offices and ZIP Codes EditHell s Kitchen is located within three primary ZIP Codes From north to south they are 10018 between 34th and 41st Streets 10036 between 41st and 48th Streets and 10019 between 48th and 59th Streets 107 The United States Postal Service operates three post offices in Hell s Kitchen Radio City Station 322 West 52nd Street 108 RCU Annex Station 340 West 42nd Street 109 Midtown Station 223 West 38th Street 110 In addition the James A Farley Station the main post office for New York City is located at 421 8th Avenue 111 Education Edit New York Public Library Columbus branch Hell s Kitchen and Chelsea generally have a higher rate of college educated residents than the rest of the city as of 2018 update A majority of residents age 25 and older 78 have a college education or higher while 6 have less than a high school education and 17 are high school graduates or have some college education By contrast 64 of Manhattan residents and 43 of city residents have a college education or higher 77 6 The percentage of Hell s Kitchen and Chelsea students excelling in math rose from 61 in 2000 to 80 in 2011 and reading achievement increased from 66 to 68 during the same time period 112 Hell s Kitchen and Chelsea s rate of elementary school student absenteeism is lower than the rest of New York City In Hell s Kitchen and Chelsea 16 of elementary school students missed twenty or more days per school year less than the citywide average of 20 78 24 PDF p 55 77 6 Additionally 81 of high school students in Hell s Kitchen and Chelsea graduate on time more than the citywide average of 75 77 6 Schools Edit The New York City Department of Education operates the following public elementary schools in Hell s Kitchen as part of Community School District 2 113 P S 35 grades K 2 12 114 P S 51 Elias Howe grades PK 5 115 P S 111 Adolph S Ochs grades PK 5 7 8 116 The following high schools are located in Hell s Kitchen serving grades 9 12 unless otherwise indicated 113 Business of Sports School 117 Facing History School 118 Food and Finance High School 119 High School for Environmental Studies 120 High School of Hospitality Management 121 Independence High School 122 Manhattan Bridges High School 123 Professional Performing Arts School grades 6 12 124 Urban Assembly Gateway School For Technology 125 Urban Assembly School of Design and Construction 126 The Beacon School 127 The Success Academy Charter Schools group opened an elementary school 128 Success Academy Hell s Kitchen 129 in the High School of Graphic Communication Arts building in 2013 128 The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York operates Catholic schools in Manhattan The Holy Cross School served the Hells Kitchen Times Square area c 2011 it had about 300 students 130 Some students originated from areas outside of New York City and outside New York State In 2013 the archdiocese announced that the school was to close 131 The school had the possibility of remaining open if 720 000 in pledges to the school were obtained and the school community almost got to the number however the school was to be closed anyway 132 Library Edit The New York Public Library NYPL operates the Columbus branch at 742 10th Avenue The Columbus branch was founded in 1901 as the Columbus Catholic Club s collection and it became an NYPL branch four years later The current Carnegie library building opened in 1909 and was renovated in 2004 2005 133 Transportation Edit Port Authority Bus Terminal at 42nd and Eighth Avenue Amtrak train in Empire Connection trench Public transport Edit Hell s Kitchen is bounded on the east by the New York City Subway s IND Eighth Avenue Line A C and E trains The MTA built the 7 Subway Extension 7 and lt 7 gt trains for the aforementioned Hudson Yards development The extension to 34th Street Hudson Yards opened on September 13 2015 73 74 making the IRT Flushing Line the westernmost New York City Subway line within Midtown 134 Several New York City Bus routes namely the M11 M12 M31 M34 SBS M42 and M50 as well as express bus routes also service the area 135 Ferry operations in the neighborhood include Circle Line Sightseeing Cruises at West 42nd Street 136 NY Waterway service is available at the West Midtown Ferry Terminal at 38th Street 137 Service on the St George route of the NYC Ferry system will also begin serving 38th Street in 2020 138 139 140 Private transport Edit The Lincoln Tunnel connects New York City to New Jersey The tunnel consists of three vehicular tubes of varying lengths with two traffic lanes in each tube The center tube contains reversible lanes 141 142 Parking lots dot the neighborhood but are dwindling in quantity as developments are being built Eleventh Avenue is lined with car dealerships many of which claim to have the highest volume among all dealerships for their brands in the country 143 Many of the horse drawn carriages from Central Park stay in stables just off the West Side Highway It is not uncommon to hear the sound of horses in the neighborhood There have been calls for banning horse drawn carriages especially from Mayor of New York City Bill de Blasio following a handful of collisions between cars and carriages 144 145 146 The carriage horses live in stables originally built in the 19th century but today contain modern design features such as fans misting systems box stalls and sprinkler systems The carriage horses live upstairs in their stables while the carriages are parked below on the ground floor 147 148 Intercity and long distance transport Edit The massive Port Authority Bus Terminal is between 40th and 42nd Streets and Eighth and Ninth Avenues It serves numerous commuter and intercity routes as well as airport shuttles and tour buses 149 Cruise ships frequently dock at the New York Passenger Ship Terminal in the 48th to 52nd Street piers respectively numbered Piers 88 90 and 92 150 The piers originally built in 1930 are now considered small and some cruise traffic uses other locations 151 Located just southeast of Hell s Kitchen is Penn Station It is the busiest railroad station in North America 152 153 with 600 000 Long Island Rail Road NJ Transit Rail and Amtrak passengers using the station on an average weekday as of 2013 update 154 155 One railroad line to Penn Station runs through the neighborhood the Empire Connection which is located in the sunken West Side Line west of Tenth Avenue Parts of the trench have been covered over 156 In popular culture EditComics Edit The Kitchen an eight issue Vertigo Comics miniseries is a female driven crime drama set in Hell s Kitchen 157 The Marvel superhero Matt Murdock Daredevil was born and raised in Hell s Kitchen and most of the comic s run takes place in the area 158 Books Edit The character Gail Wynand in Ayn Rand s 1943 novel The Fountainhead grew up in Hell s Kitchen Several chapters in the book are extensive flashbacks to his childhood and youth there At the end of the book he buys up several blocks of Hell s Kitchen in which to build the world s tallest skyscraper citation needed Apollo the protagonist from Rick Riordan s 2016 novel The Hidden Oracle crashes in a Hell s Kitchen dumpster after being turned mortal and meets and is saved from muggers by his companion Meg McCaffrey there citation needed The titular character in Taylor Jenkins Reid s 2017 novel The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo was born in Hell s Kitchen 159 City of Girls 2019 by Elizabeth Gilbert is set in Hell s Kitchen in the 1940s 160 Patrick Bateman in Bret Easton Ellis American Psycho 1991 regularly disposed of his victims in Hell s Kitchen as well as picking up several prostitutes such as the returning character Christie Television Edit Route 66 1960 63 TV show Buz Murdock one of the lead characters grew up in Hell s Kitchen 161 Marvel s Daredevil an adaptation of the comic series and character of the same name is set in Hell s Kitchen Matt Murdock s alter ego as a secretive and intimidating vigilante is first known to the public and various crime organizations as The Man in Black and later The Devil of Hell s Kitchen before his official branding as Daredevil 158 Film Edit The Devil s Party 1938 film by Ray McCarey based on the novel Hell s Kitchen Has a Pantry by Borden Chase is set in Hell s Kitchen 162 Fail Safe 1964 film by Sidney Lumet 163 Taxi Driver 1976 film by Martin Scorsese filmed and set largely in Hell s Kitchen 164 State of Grace 1990 film by Phil Joanou set in Hell s Kitchen 165 Sleepers 1996 film by Barry Levinson based on Lorenzo Carcaterra s 1995 novel of the same name 166 In America 2002 film by Jim Sheridan set in 1985 The family settles in Hell s Kitchen 167 Ash Wednesday 2002 by Edward Burns set in the Hell s Kitchen of the early 1980s 168 The Kitchen 2019 by Andrea Berloff set in the Hell s Kitchen of the late 1970s Video games Edit Deus Ex 2000 features a level set in Hell s Kitchen 169 Music Edit The album Falling into Infinity by Dream Theater contains an instrumental named Hell s Kitchen 170 Notable residents EditSee also Manhattan Plaza Notable people Notable current and former residents of Hell s Kitchen include Michael Alig founder of the Club Kids lived at Riverbank West 560 West 43rd Street Apartment 3K 171 at 11th Avenue which he described as the place where I lived as part of my salary at Limelight it was the address where he and his roommate Robert Freeze Riggs killed Andre Angel Melendez 172 Carmelo Anthony born 1984 basketball player 173 Benjamin Appel 1907 1977 crime novelist 174 Lewis Black comic 175 Anthony Bourdain 1956 2018 chef and author 176 James J Braddock Cinderella Man boxer lived on West 48th Street 177 James Cagney actor 178 George Cain 1943 2010 author of Blueschild Baby 179 Lorenzo Carcaterra author born and raised in Hell s Kitchen which is featured in his autobiographical story A Safe Place as well as the novel and later film Sleepers 180 Vanessa Carlton born 1980 singer songwriter 181 Paul Cavonis born 1937 actor 182 Timothee Chalamet born 1995 actor born and raised in Hell s Kitchen 183 Richard Christy born 1974 comedian radio personality and musician 184 James Coonan born 1946 mobster 185 Marlon Craft born 1993 rapper Larry David born 1947 actor producer of Seinfeld and Curb Your Enthusiasm 186 Marcelo Gomes born 1979 Brazilian ballet dancer 187 Tom Gorman 1919 1986 Major League Baseball umpire 188 Charlton Heston 1923 2008 Academy Award Winning Actor 189 Alicia Keys born 1981 singer and pianist 190 Mako Komuro and Kei former Japanese Imperial family and her husband 191 Kenny Kramer born 1943 comedian lived in a Hell s Kitchen apartment across the hall from Larry David and became the inspiration for the Cosmo Kramer character on Seinfeld 186 Stanley Kramer 1913 2001 film director and producer 192 Daniel Patrick Moynihan 1927 2003 politician sociologist and diplomat 193 Hasan Minhaj born 1985 comedian writer and political commentator 194 Brian Mullen born 1962 NHL hockey player 195 Joe Mullen born 1957 NHL hockey player 195 Joakim Noah born 1985 NBA basketball player 196 Trevor Noah born 1984 actor 197 Paul O Neill 1956 2017 producer and founder of Trans Siberian Orchestra 198 Jerry Orbach 1935 2004 actor Kept an apartment on Eighth Avenue between 53rd and 54th Streets 199 Tony Orlando born 1944 singer 200 Ilka Tanya Payan 1943 1996 actress and AIDS activist 201 Josh Peck born 1986 actor was born and raised in Hell s Kitchen 202 Mario Puzo 1920 1999 author of The Godfather 203 204 George Raft 1901 1980 actor 205 John Reed born 1969 author 206 Mickey Rourke born 1953 actor 207 Max Schneider born 1992 American singer songwriter and actor 208 Kevin Spacey born 1959 actor 209 Mickey Spillane 1933 1977 mobster 210 Sylvester Stallone born 1946 actor who was born and raised in the area 211 Lisa Velez born 1966 singer of Lisa Lisa and Cult Jam 212 Bruce Willis born 1955 actor lived at West 49th Street and Tenth Avenue as a struggling actor 213 Yvette Calderon Professor of Emergency Medicine 214 Notes Edit Norton the great nephew of John Leake founder of Leake and Watts Children s Home is listed among early 19th century owners of considerable tracts in what is now Hell s Kitchen with John Jacob Astor William Cutting Thomas Addis Emmet Andrew Hopper John Horn and William Wright 19 References Edit a b NYC Planning Community Profiles communityprofiles planning nyc gov New York City Department of City Planning Archived from the original on March 23 2019 Retrieved March 18 2019 a b c Demographics by Neighborhood Tabulation Area NTA Archived March 31 2023 at the Wayback Machine New York City Department for the Aging November 2020 Accessed February 28 2023 Table PL P3A NTA Total Population by Mutually Exclusive Race and Hispanic Origin New York City Neighborhood Tabulation Areas 2010 Archived June 10 2016 at the Wayback Machine Population Division New York City Department of City Planning March 29 2011 Accessed June 14 2016 Hell s Kitchen LGBTQ Nightlife and Dining Archived April 8 2023 at the Wayback Machine nycgo com April 4 2017 a b c d e Benson Michael R Clinton frets over that gleam in developers eyes Archived May 13 2019 at the Wayback Machine 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2017 Retrieved May 8 2018 Kelly Andy June 22 2020 Revisiting Deus Ex Ion Storm s classic cyberpunk RPG PC Gamer Future US Archived from the original on February 15 2018 Retrieved February 1 2022 A great example of the game s reactivity can be found in the Hell s Kitchen level Falling into Infinity Archived from the original on May 23 2022 Retrieved June 10 2022 Riggs Robert December 1996 Longhand Of The Law Club Kids Kill An Angel Handwritten confession of Robert Riggs The Smoking Gun p 1 Archived from the original on April 26 2019 Retrieved February 21 2017 Alig Michael May 12 2014 Club Kid killer relives bloody crime New York Post Archived from the original on December 5 2017 Retrieved December 11 2017 Barbara K La La Anthony dishes on her Hell s Kitchen crib Archived February 2 2017 at the Wayback Machine New York Post April 19 2012 Accessed July 4 2016 Jamieson Wendell City Lore Hard Boiled Tales Told by a Gentleman Archived January 6 2018 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times January 1 2006 Accessed August 11 2009 Benjamin Appel was an author of more than 25 novels from 1934 to 1977 many of them set in New York He was raised in Hell s Kitchen in Manhattan and lived much of his life in Roosevelt N J but after he moved he still came back to New York often Friend Tad Lewis Black Playwright Archived September 7 2014 at the Wayback Machine The New Yorker June 5 2012 Accessed July 4 2016 In his living room high up in Hell s Kitchen the comedian Lewis Black sat on a sofa with three throw pillows tucked around him as if he d had a bad breakup and needed a hug and some Haagen Dazs Disappearing Manhattan Anthony Bourdain No Reservations Travel Channel February 23 2009 Dargis Manohla Roll the Fairy Tale Fade to the Fists Archived September 22 2017 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times June 3 2005 Accessed July 8 2016 On June 13 1935 the boxer James J Braddock fought the fight of a lifetime Born in Hell s Kitchen when that New York neighborhood still warranted that rough and tumble epithet the 30 year old heavyweight was the son of immigrants whose bloodlines and hardscrabble woes traced back to Ireland Eldridge David American Culture in the 1930s p 74 Edinburgh University Press 2008 ISBN 9780748629770 Accessed July 8 2016 Born in New York City s Hell s Kitchen Cagney brought something fresh to the movie a machismo that was natural uncontrolled and seemingly spontaneous as when he spits beer into someone s face and imbued with a wise guy wit Grimes William George Cain Writer of Blueschild Baby Dies at 66 Archived July 2 2018 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times October 29 2010 Accessed October 31 2010 Lambert Bruce Neighborhood Report Point Counterpoint A Church vs Sleepers Archived February 2 2017 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times October 15 1995 Accessed July 8 2016 Sacred Heart of Jesus Church and its elementary school on West 51st Street are focal elements in the current best seller Sleepers which the author Lorenzo Carcaterra presents as a true story drawn from his Hell s Kitchen boyhood Staff Second Cup Cafe Vanessa Carlton Archived October 24 2012 at the Wayback Machine CBS News November 17 2007 Accessed August 10 2009 A few years ago this three time Grammy nominee was living in New York s Hell s Kitchen and working as a waitress in Lower Manhattan between performances at open mic nights in the city s clubs Ward Jack April 26 1993 Television Guest Stars An Illustrated Career Chronicle for 678 Performers of the Sixties and Seventies McFarland amp Company ISBN 9780899508078 Archived from the original on April 8 2023 Retrieved April 26 2019 via Google Books Henderson Kathy March 7 2016 Prodigal Son Playwright John Patrick Shanley amp Star Timothee Chalamet on the Pain Poetry amp Pride of Revisiting 15 Broadway com Archived from the original on August 22 2017 Retrieved August 21 2017 Krawitz Alan Richard Christy Queens quirky caller Archived January 27 2018 at the Wayback Machine Queens Chronicle January 21 2010 Accessed July 8 2016 Formerly a resident of Hell s Kitchen Christy moved to LIC in 2008 and says he s been pleasantly surprised Traub James The Lords of Hell s Kitchen Archived February 2 2017 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times April 5 1987 Accessed July 9 2016 a b McShane Larry The real Kramer says actor no racist But Richards is paranoid very wound up permanent dead link Chicago Sun Times November 26 2006 Accessed August 11 2009 The real Kramer lived for 10 years in a Hell s Kitchen apartment across the hall from Seinfeld co creator Larry David and his life became the framework for Richards quirky bumbling Seinfeld sidekick Kaufman Joanne Marcelo Gomes the Dancer at Home in Hell s Kitchen Archived September 15 2015 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times April 11 2014 Accessed July 4 2016 Not long after Marcelo Gomes moved with his dachshund Lua into a subcompact 475 square feet condo in Hell s Kitchen two and a half years ago he gave a housewarming party Berkow Ira Sports of the Times Tom Gorman s Final Call Archived February 2 2017 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times August 17 1986 Accessed July 9 2016 Yesterday in a cemetery in Paramus N J Thomas David Gorman born in Hell s Kitchen in Manhattan was laid to rest Charlton Heston www hollywoodsgoldenage com Archived from the original on October 25 2021 Retrieved March 23 2021 Mervis Scott Music Preview Through her first several records Alicia Keys has a golden touch Archived May 29 2010 at the Wayback Machine Pittsburgh Post Gazette April 17 2008 Accessed August 10 2009 Keys a classically trained pianist raised in Hell s Kitchen by her Italian Scottish mother spent a few years after she dropped out of Columbia University trying to launch her pop career with songs on soundtracks Princess Mako new husband move into one bedroom in Hell s Kitchen Archived November 24 2021 at the Wayback Machine by Emily Crane New York Post November 15 2021 Lyman Rick Stanley Kramer Filmmaker With Social Bent Dies at 87 Archived February 2 2017 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times February 21 2001 Accessed July 9 2016 Stanley Earl Kramer was born in Hell s Kitchen in Manhattan the only child of a divorced mother who worked as a secretary for Paramount Clines Francis X March 15 2004 The City Life Recalling a Complicated Man The New York Times Archived from the original on April 7 2018 Retrieved April 6 2018 A Daily Show Correspondent Adjusts to Life in New York Archived September 23 2018 at the Wayback Machine by Joanne Kaufman The New York Times December 16 2016 a b Allen Kevin Mullen brothers come long way from Hell s Kitchen USA Today February 7 1989 Accessed August 11 2009 Kussoy Howie You can t understand Joakim Noah until you know where he came from Archived October 30 2017 at the Wayback Machine New York Post October 28 2016 Accessed March 3 2017 A life set up to be overshadowed started in Manhattan but Noah grew up in one of Paris wealthiest suburbs splitting time between his divorced parents When he was 12 he moved to New York living with his mother who had moved to New York as a teenager and younger sister Yelena near the corner of 51st Street and 10th Avenue In Hell s Kitchen he was no longer the child of France s favorite son Staff Trevor Noah Bought a 10 Million New York City Penthouse The comedian upgraded to the best apartment in his building Archived March 4 2017 at the Wayback Machine Architectural Digest March 1 2017 Accessed March 3 2017 After taking the helm of The Daily Show Trevor Noah s hard work has clearly paid off The comedian just purchased a 10 million penthouse apartment in the same building where he s been renting for the past six months reports StreetEasy The duplex is located in Manhattan s Hell s Kitchen which is conveniently close to where The Daily Show films Mervis Scott Music Preview Trans Siberian Orchestra tour leans on old special and new album Archived March 4 2017 at the Wayback Machine Pittsburgh Post Gazette December 24 2015 Accessed March 3 2017 I ve always been fascinated by night Mr O Neill says Night is where the fringes of society can feel safe At one point of my life I used to live in Hell s Kitchen when I was younger and at night you would see the winos the schizophrenics the drug addicts Brantley Ben Severo Richard Jerry Orbach Stage and TV Actor Is Dead at 69 Archived July 1 2016 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times December 30 2004 Accessed August 11 2009 Van Matre Lynn Tony Orlando Fame dawns the second time around Archived March 5 2017 at the Wayback Machine Chicago Tribune July 2 1975 Accessed March 3 2017 Raised in Manhattan s tough Hells Kitchen area most of the people he grew up with Orlando says are either dead or in jail Tony attended high school only one week before dropping out Mason Kiki The Lady Is a Champ Actress Lawyer Activist Ilka Tanya Payan fights for the glamorous life Archived March 4 2017 at the Wayback Machine POZ magazine August 1 1995 Accessed March 3 2017 A homecare worker with a ring through her nose greets me at the door to Ilka Tanya Payan s high rise apartment in Manhattan s West Fifties via Associated Press Josh Peck leaves Drake amp Josh behind Archived March 4 2017 at the Wayback Machine Today July 7 2008 Accessed March 3 2017 A shy overweight kid growing up in New York s Hell s Kitchen Peck says he got into standup comedy as young as he did simply because it was the only thing he was good at Homberger Eric Mario Puzo The author of the Godfather the book the Mafia loved Archived June 23 2021 at archive today The Guardian July 5 1999 Accessed August 10 2009 Born the son of illiterate Neapolitan immigrants and one of 12 children Puzo grew up in Hell s Kitchen on the west side of Manhattan Gussow Mel Mario Puzo Author Who Made The Godfather a World Addiction Is Dead at 78 Archived June 23 2021 at archive today The New York Times July 3 1999 Accessed July 9 2016 Mario Puzo was born in Hell s Kitchen on the west side of Manhattan His parents were poor Italian American immigrants from Naples not like the Corleones from Sicily via Associated Press Tough guy George raft dies of emphysema at 85 Archived April 3 2016 at the Wayback Machine The Milwaukee Sentinel November 25 1980 Accessed August 10 2009 After growing up in New York s tough Hell s Kitchen area Raft was a boxer electrician and baseball player before landing a job as a dancer in nightclubs in the 1920s John Reed Archived April 8 2023 at the Wayback Machine Pen Parentis October 5 2013 Accessed March 3 2017 I live with my wife and two young children in Hell s Kitchen Frankel Bruce Rourke sits in on trial of pal Gotti Archived October 21 2012 at the Wayback Machine USA Today March 17 1992 Accessed August 10 2009 The bad boy actor who grew up in Hell s Kitchen in Manhattan spent the morning in court on a family the Gotti family pass following transcripts of conversations between Gotti Salvatore Sammy Bull Gravano and others MAX Archived April 13 2016 at the Wayback Machine Interview Magazine April 10 2016 Guest Kevin Spacey on YouTube The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon May 2 2014 Traub James The Lord s of Hell s Kitchen Archived February 2 2017 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times April 5 1987 Accessed March 3 2017 By the Mid 1970s Control over Hell s Kitchen crime had passed to the mythically named Michael Mickey Spillane A bookmaker loan shark and murderer Spillane was one of the last of the old fashioned gangsters handing out turkeys at Thanksgiving and paying visits to the elderly Gilbey Ryan Sylvester Stallone the wacky people s champ who battled his own ego Leading the race for best supporting actor Oscar for his comeback in Creed this self made star s creative fortunes have been inseparably bound to his most famous creation Rocky Balboa Archived April 8 2023 at the Wayback Machine The Guardian February 24 2016 Accessed March 3 2017 He was born in Hell s Kitchen New York City to an astrologer mother and a father whom Stallone claimed ate raw sparrows and rabbit entrails Hunt Denis Lisa Lisa Is Cookin In Hell s Kitchen Archived April 8 2023 at the Wayback Machine Los Angeles Times July 5 1987 Accessed March 3 2017 To hear Lisa Velez talk you d think New York City s infamous Hell s Kitchen a dangerous drug infested slum was paradise Usually kids grow up in Hell s Kitchen with one thought escaping as soon as they are able But Velez the youngest of 10 children had a different goal She wanted to be a singer Turan Kenneth Motion Pictures Bruce Willis Looks for the Man Within the Icon Archived April 8 2023 at the Wayback Machine The New York Times July 1 1990 Accessed August 15 2017 Somewhere in Hell s Kitchen hard by West 49th Street and 10th Avenue in Manhattan there is an apartment with Bruce Willis s name on it A railroad flat where for 175 a month he bivouacked as one of New York s small army of aspiring actors it still remains and not by accident in the man s family Gilbey Ryan A Shot in the Arm Archived October 24 2022 at the Wayback Machine Mount Sinair March 2 2021 Accessed October 25 2022 A Shot in the Arm External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hell s Kitchen Manhattan Hell s Kitchen Neighborhood Association Hell s Kitchen South Coalition Archived June 10 2020 at the Wayback Machine New York magazine neighborhood profile Archived September 9 2017 at the Wayback Machine Turf of Gangs and Gangsters by John Strausbaugh The New York Times August 17 2007 Hell s Kitchen Neighborhood Business and Services Directory Portal New York City Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Hell 27s Kitchen Manhattan amp oldid 1159667550, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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