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Glagolitic Mass

The Glagolitic Mass (Czech: Glagolská mše, Church Slavonic: Mša glagolskaja; also called Missa Glagolitica or Slavonic Mass) is a composition for soloists (soprano, contralto, tenor, bass), double chorus, organ and orchestra by Leoš Janáček. The work was completed on 15 October 1926 and premiered by the Brno Arts Society, conducted by Jaroslav Kvapil, in Brno on 5 December 1927. Janáček revised the mass the next year.[1]

Glagolská mše
by Leoš Janáček
Relief of the composer
EnglishGlagolitic Mass
Other name
  • Missa Glagolitica
  • Slavonic Mass
TextMass
LanguageOld Church Slavonic
Performed5 December 1927 (1927-12-05): Brno
Movements8
Vocal
  • SATB double choir and soloists
  • soprano, alto and baritone soloists
Instrumental
  • Organ
  • orchestra

The Glagolitic alphabet was an early Slavic alphabet, the predecessor of the modern Cyrillic alphabet. In Croatia, the Catholic Church gave permission for the Roman Rite liturgical Mass to be celebrated in Old Church Slavonic at a time when such liturgies were typically only permitted to be in Latin, resulting in the Glagolitic Use Mass.[2]

Background edit

The text is in Old Church Slavonic, with five vocal movements that correspond to the Catholic Ordinary of the Mass, omitting "Dona nobis pacem" in the Agnus Dei. The musical origins of the work can be traced to Janáček's Latin setting of the Kyrie, Agnus Dei, and Credo for organ and chorus. This was used as a dictation exercise by his composition students in 1908.[3]

Janáček had extensive experience working with choirs, as well as writing a large amount of choral music. It begins and closes with triumphant fanfares dominated by the brass. In between these sections lies particularly vibrant and rhythmic writing for solo voices as well as choir. Curiously, the final movement is titled Intrada, which means entrance. Before this Intrada, Janáček introduces a dramatic organ solo of considerable originality – a moto perpetuo of wild energy.[4] Janáček's Glagolitic Mass is considered an important work of the century and is frequently performed and recorded today.

Janáček was a strong supporter of pan-Slavism,[5] and this mass has been viewed as a celebration of Slavic culture.[4]

Structure edit

Its eight movements are:

  1. Úvod – Introduction (orchestra)
  2. Gospodi pomilujKyrie
  3. SlavaGloria
  4. VěrujuCredo
  5. SvetSanctus
  6. Agneče BožijAgnus Dei
  7. Varhany sólo (Postludium) – Organ solo
  8. Intrada – Exodus (literally, entrance)

Although this version is considered the "standard" version performed today, research into Janáček's manuscripts suggests that the Intrada was intended to be played at the beginning of the work as well, creating a symmetric nine-movement form with the Věruju at its center. In addition, several other sections of the work were revealed to have been simplified in meter and orchestration. Some of the movements are reworkings of Janáček's earlier compositions: the Svet, for instance, is derived from the Sanctus of the composer's own Mass in E-flat.

Orchestration edit

The mass is scored for soprano, alto, tenor, and bass soloists, double SATB choir, and an orchestra of 4 flutes (2–4 doubling piccolos), 2 oboes, cor anglais, 3 clarinets (3rd doubling bass clarinet), 3 bassoons (3rd doubling contrabassoon), 4 horns, 4 trumpets, 3 trombones, tuba, timpani, glockenspiel, triangle, snare drum, cymbals, tam-tam, chimes, 2 harps, celesta, organ, and strings (1st & 2nd violins, violas, cellos, and double basses).

Recordings edit

Arrangements edit

  1. Arrangement suitable for: solo soprano, alto, tenor and bass, mixed chorus, organ and orchestra
    • arrangement for: wind orchestra
    • arrangement by: Karel Bělohoubek
    • performed by: Czech Army Central Band, co Karel Bělohoubek
  2. Arrangement suitable for: solo soprano, alto, tenor and bass, mixed chorus, organ and orchestra
    • arrangement for: wind orchestra
    • arrangement by: Josef Šebesta
    • performed by: Prague Castle Guard and Police Wind Orchestra, co Rudolf Rydval
  3. Arrangement suitable for: opera
    • arrangement for: fantasy from the opera for saloon orchestra
    • arrangement by: E. Bauer
    • performed by: Dolfi Dauber Saloon Orchestra, co Dolfi Dauber
  4. Arrangement suitable for: opera
    • arrangement for: orchestral suite from the opera
    • arrangement by: Peter Breiner
    • performed by: New Zealand Symphony Orchestra, co Peter Breiner

In film edit

The Glagolitic Mass was used for the music in the 1954 film Inauguration of the Pleasure Dome by director Kenneth Anger.[10]

Other composers edit

Other composers of a Glagolitic Mass include J. B. Foerster, František Zdeněk Skuherský, the Prague organist Bedřich Antonín Wiedermann, Karel Douša, and more recently Jan Křesadlo and Jan Hanuš. These Glagolitic Masses were mostly intended for liturgical use, prompted by the 1920 limited permission for the Roman Rite Mass to be celebrated in Church Slavonic once again in Bohemia and Moravia.[11]

The Glagolitic Mass composed by Leoš Janáček, an atheist,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18] is seen by some as an expression of his pan-Slavist sympathies.[19]

References edit

  1. ^ Dr. Theodora Straková, editing board of Critical Edition of the Complete Works of Janáček, Supraphon, Prague, 1992. Mša glagolskaja (Glagolitic Mass), details
  2. ^ Attwater, Donald (1945). Eastern Catholic Worship. New York City: Devin-Adair Company. p. 209.
  3. ^ Paul Wingfield: Janáček: Glagolitic Mass (Cambridge Music Handbooks), 1992. ISBN 978-0-521-38901-3
  4. ^ a b Steinberg, Michael (2008). Choral masterworks: a listener's guide. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. p. 193. ISBN 9780195340662. OCLC 690249284.
  5. ^ "Radio Prague – The Glagolitic Mass, a celebration of Slavic culture". Retrieved 2017-06-10.
  6. ^ a b c [Decca Classical 1929-2009 by Philip Stuart]
  7. ^ Glagolitic Mass (Musical CD, 1985). [WorldCat.org]. OCLC 14941206.
  8. ^ Glagolitische Messe Taras Bulba (Musical CD, 1991). [WorldCat.org]. OCLC 35089844.
  9. ^ Glagolitic mass Taras Bulba (Musical CD, 1991). [WorldCat.org]. OCLC 30692935.
  10. ^ Weinel, Jonathan (2018). Inner Sound: Altered States of Consciousness in Electronic Music and Audio-Visual Media. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-0190671211.
  11. ^ Reban, Karel (1920). "Lidový a staroslovanský jazyk v liturgii". Časopis katolického duchovenstva (5+6): 174–176. Retrieved 12 August 2023.
  12. ^ Webmaster (2015-01-06). "Leos Janáček (1854-1928)". Mahler Foundation. Retrieved 2023-05-11.
  13. ^ "Leos Janacek | Czech-American TV". 2021-04-10. Retrieved 2023-05-11.
  14. ^ "Mass in E flat (Janáček) - from CDA67147 - Hyperion Records - MP3 and Lossless downloads". www.hyperion-records.co.uk. Retrieved 2023-05-11.
  15. ^ lebrecht, norman (2019-04-19). "Do atheists write the best sacred music?". Slippedisc. Retrieved 2023-05-11.
  16. ^ Dunn, Bill. "Leoš Janáček - Freedom From Religion Foundation". ffrf.org. Retrieved 2023-05-11.
  17. ^ "Janacek: Glagolitic Mass". British Czech and Slovak Association. Retrieved 2023-05-11.
  18. ^ "Amazing Glagolitic Mass". PRSO (in Czech). 2014-10-09. Retrieved 2023-05-11.
  19. ^ "Czech Philharmonic/Semyon Bychkov: Glagolitic Mass | Barbican". www.barbican.org.uk. Retrieved 2023-05-11.

External links edit

glagolitic, mass, czech, glagolská, mše, church, slavonic, mša, glagolskaja, also, called, missa, glagolitica, slavonic, mass, composition, soloists, soprano, contralto, tenor, bass, double, chorus, organ, orchestra, leoš, janáček, work, completed, october, 19. The Glagolitic Mass Czech Glagolska mse Church Slavonic Msa glagolskaja also called Missa Glagolitica or Slavonic Mass is a composition for soloists soprano contralto tenor bass double chorus organ and orchestra by Leos Janacek The work was completed on 15 October 1926 and premiered by the Brno Arts Society conducted by Jaroslav Kvapil in Brno on 5 December 1927 Janacek revised the mass the next year 1 Glagolska mseby Leos JanacekRelief of the composerEnglishGlagolitic MassOther nameMissa Glagolitica Slavonic MassTextMassLanguageOld Church SlavonicPerformed5 December 1927 1927 12 05 BrnoMovements8VocalSATB double choir and soloists soprano alto and baritone soloistsInstrumentalOrganorchestraThe Glagolitic alphabet was an early Slavic alphabet the predecessor of the modern Cyrillic alphabet In Croatia the Catholic Church gave permission for the Roman Rite liturgical Mass to be celebrated in Old Church Slavonic at a time when such liturgies were typically only permitted to be in Latin resulting in the Glagolitic Use Mass 2 Contents 1 Background 2 Structure 3 Orchestration 4 Recordings 5 Arrangements 6 In film 7 Other composers 8 References 9 External linksBackground editThe text is in Old Church Slavonic with five vocal movements that correspond to the Catholic Ordinary of the Mass omitting Dona nobis pacem in the Agnus Dei The musical origins of the work can be traced to Janacek s Latin setting of the Kyrie Agnus Dei and Credo for organ and chorus This was used as a dictation exercise by his composition students in 1908 3 Janacek had extensive experience working with choirs as well as writing a large amount of choral music It begins and closes with triumphant fanfares dominated by the brass In between these sections lies particularly vibrant and rhythmic writing for solo voices as well as choir Curiously the final movement is titled Intrada which means entrance Before this Intrada Janacek introduces a dramatic organ solo of considerable originality a moto perpetuo of wild energy 4 Janacek s Glagolitic Mass is considered an important work of the century and is frequently performed and recorded today Janacek was a strong supporter of pan Slavism 5 and this mass has been viewed as a celebration of Slavic culture 4 Structure edit nbsp Postludium for pipe organ solo source source Problems playing this file See media help Its eight movements are Uvod Introduction orchestra Gospodi pomiluj Kyrie Slava Gloria Veruju Credo Svet Sanctus Agnece Bozij Agnus Dei Varhany solo Postludium Organ solo Intrada Exodus literally entrance Although this version is considered the standard version performed today research into Janacek s manuscripts suggests that the Intrada was intended to be played at the beginning of the work as well creating a symmetric nine movement form with the Veruju at its center In addition several other sections of the work were revealed to have been simplified in meter and orchestration Some of the movements are reworkings of Janacek s earlier compositions the Svet for instance is derived from the Sanctus of the composer s own Mass in E flat Orchestration editThe mass is scored for soprano alto tenor and bass soloists double SATB choir and an orchestra of 4 flutes 2 4 doubling piccolos 2 oboes cor anglais 3 clarinets 3rd doubling bass clarinet 3 bassoons 3rd doubling contrabassoon 4 horns 4 trumpets 3 trombones tuba timpani glockenspiel triangle snare drum cymbals tam tam chimes 2 harps celesta organ and strings 1st amp 2nd violins violas cellos and double basses Recordings editBretislav Bakala conducting the Brno Radio Symphony Orchestra rec 1951 Supraphon Leonard Bernstein conducting the New York Philharmonic rec 1963 Sony Karel Ancerl conducting the Czech Philharmonic rec April 1963 Supraphon Rafael Kubelik conducting the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra rec 1964 Deutsche Grammophon Rudolf Kempe conducting the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra rec May 1973 organ solo 6 August 1973 Decca 6 Vaclav Neumann conducting the Czech Philharmonic rec 1978 Supraphon Frantisek Jilek conducting the Brno State Philharmonic Orchestra rec 1979 Supraphon Sir Simon Rattle conducting the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra rec 1981 EMI Classics Sir Charles Mackerras conducting the Czech Philharmonic rec 1984 Supraphon 7 Michael Gielen conducting the SWR Symphony Orchestra rec 1988 Intercord 8 Robert Shaw conducting the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and Chorus rec 1990 Telarc Michael Tilson Thomas conducting the London Symphony Orchestra rec 1990 Sony Kurt Masur conducting the Gewandhausorchester Leipzig rec 1991 Philips 9 Charles Dutoit conducting the Montreal Symphony Orchestra rec May 16 1991 Decca 6 Sir Charles Mackerras conducting the Danish National Radio Symphony Orchestra this version is based on Janacek s original manuscripts rec 1993 Chandos Riccardo Chailly conducting the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra with the choir of the Slovak Philharmonic rec June 8 9 1997 Decca 6 Ladislav Slovak conducting the Slovak Philharmonic date of recording unclear released by Music deLux Sir Andrew Davis conducting the BBC Symphony Orchestra and Chorus rec live 2000 at BBC Proms Antoni Wit conducting the Warsaw National Philharmonic Orchestra rec 2010 Naxos Marek Janowski conducting the Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra rec 2012 PentaTone Tomas Netopil conducting the Prague Radio Symphony Orchestra and Prague Philharmonic Choir rec 2013 Based on original performance version Edward Gardner conducting the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra rec 2015 Chandos The Postludium has been recorded as a stand alone organ piece by a number of concert organists Arrangements editArrangement suitable for solo soprano alto tenor and bass mixed chorus organ and orchestra arrangement for wind orchestra arrangement by Karel Belohoubek performed by Czech Army Central Band co Karel Belohoubek Arrangement suitable for solo soprano alto tenor and bass mixed chorus organ and orchestra arrangement for wind orchestra arrangement by Josef Sebesta performed by Prague Castle Guard and Police Wind Orchestra co Rudolf Rydval Arrangement suitable for opera arrangement for fantasy from the opera for saloon orchestra arrangement by E Bauer performed by Dolfi Dauber Saloon Orchestra co Dolfi Dauber Arrangement suitable for opera arrangement for orchestral suite from the opera arrangement by Peter Breiner performed by New Zealand Symphony Orchestra co Peter BreinerIn film editThe Glagolitic Mass was used for the music in the 1954 film Inauguration of the Pleasure Dome by director Kenneth Anger 10 Other composers editOther composers of a Glagolitic Mass include J B Foerster Frantisek Zdenek Skuhersky the Prague organist Bedrich Antonin Wiedermann Karel Dousa and more recently Jan Kresadlo and Jan Hanus These Glagolitic Masses were mostly intended for liturgical use prompted by the 1920 limited permission for the Roman Rite Mass to be celebrated in Church Slavonic once again in Bohemia and Moravia 11 The Glagolitic Mass composed by Leos Janacek an atheist 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 is seen by some as an expression of his pan Slavist sympathies 19 References edit Dr Theodora Strakova editing board of Critical Edition of the Complete Works of Janacek Supraphon Prague 1992 Msa glagolskaja Glagolitic Mass details Attwater Donald 1945 Eastern Catholic Worship New York City Devin Adair Company p 209 Paul Wingfield Janacek Glagolitic Mass Cambridge Music Handbooks 1992 ISBN 978 0 521 38901 3 a b Steinberg Michael 2008 Choral masterworks a listener s guide Oxford New York Oxford University Press p 193 ISBN 9780195340662 OCLC 690249284 Radio Prague The Glagolitic Mass a celebration of Slavic culture Retrieved 2017 06 10 a b c Decca Classical 1929 2009 by Philip Stuart Glagolitic Mass Musical CD 1985 WorldCat org OCLC 14941206 Glagolitische Messe Taras Bulba Musical CD 1991 WorldCat org OCLC 35089844 Glagolitic mass Taras Bulba Musical CD 1991 WorldCat org OCLC 30692935 Weinel Jonathan 2018 Inner Sound Altered States of Consciousness in Electronic Music and Audio Visual Media New York Oxford University Press p 136 ISBN 978 0190671211 Reban Karel 1920 Lidovy a staroslovansky jazyk v liturgii Casopis katolickeho duchovenstva 5 6 174 176 Retrieved 12 August 2023 Webmaster 2015 01 06 Leos Janacek 1854 1928 Mahler Foundation Retrieved 2023 05 11 Leos Janacek Czech American TV 2021 04 10 Retrieved 2023 05 11 Mass in E flat Janacek from CDA67147 Hyperion Records MP3 and Lossless downloads www hyperion records co uk Retrieved 2023 05 11 lebrecht norman 2019 04 19 Do atheists write the best sacred music Slippedisc Retrieved 2023 05 11 Dunn Bill Leos Janacek Freedom From Religion Foundation ffrf org Retrieved 2023 05 11 Janacek Glagolitic Mass British Czech and Slovak Association Retrieved 2023 05 11 Amazing Glagolitic Mass PRSO in Czech 2014 10 09 Retrieved 2023 05 11 Czech Philharmonic Semyon Bychkov Glagolitic Mass Barbican www barbican org uk Retrieved 2023 05 11 External links editGlagolitic Mass Scores at the International Music Score Library Project Hitchcock s Films Revisited by Robin Wood discussion of the mass pagan character Columbia University Press 1989 ISBN 978 0 231 06551 1 Janacek s Glagolitic mess Notes on the text of the Glagolitic Mass and pronunciation guide Prepared for the ASOC by Keith Langston UGA Dept of Germanic and Slavic Studies Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Glagolitic Mass amp oldid 1175317311, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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