fbpx
Wikipedia

Federation architecture

February 15, 2024

Not to be confused with Federal architecture.

Federation architecture is the architectural style in Australia that was prevalent from around 1890 to 1915.[3] The name refers to the Federation of Australia on 1 January 1901, when the British colonies of Australia collectively became the Commonwealth of Australia.

Caerleon, located in Bellevue Hill, New South Wales, was the first Queen Anne-style home in Australia. It is listed on the Register of the National Estate.[1][2]

The architectural style had antecedents in the Queen Anne style and Edwardian style of the United Kingdom, combined with various other influences like the Arts and Crafts style.[3] Other styles also developed, like the Federation Warehouse style, which was heavily influenced by the Romanesque Revival style. In Australia, Federation architecture is generally associated with cottages in the Queen Anne style, but some consider that there were twelve main styles that characterized the Federation period.[4]

Definition and features edit

The Federation period overlaps the Edwardian period, which was so named after the reign of King Edward VII (1901–1910); however, as the style preceded and extended beyond Edward's reign, the term "Federation architecture" was coined in 1969.[5]

Federation architecture has many similarities to Edwardian Baroque architecture; however, there are significant differences that distinguish the Federation architecture style from the Edwardian Baroque architecture style, particularly due to the embracing of Australiana themes and the use of the verandah in domestic settings. Australian flora and fauna are prominently featured, and stylised images of the New South Wales waratah,[6]: page:11  flannel flower, Queensland firewheel tree, and other flowers, and the kangaroo,[6]: page:44  kookaburra,[6]: page:11  and lyrebird,[6]: page:10  were common. The Coat of Arms,[6]: page:10  and rising sun, representing a new dawn in the country of Australia, also appeared regularly on gables.

Many[citation needed] Federation buildings, both residential and non-residential, are listed on the Register of the National Estate because of their heritage values.

Gardens and garden architecture edit

Gardens of the period were complex and contained many elements—generally a wider variety of plants than is seen in contemporary plantings, pergolas, rose arches, gazebos and summerhouses.[6]: page:82  Wooden lattice fences were used to partition parts of the garden off, particularly the front from the more private back.[6]: page:81  Garden paths could be straight or gently curved, and often edged with glazed edging tiles or bricks, and made of tiles, packed gravel or bricks. patterns for brick paving include stretcher bond, herringbone and basketweave.[6]: page:80  Asphalt and concrete were not used.

Plants were selected to produce year-round colour and interest in the local climate conditions. Initially, evergreen trees were used, but the denseness of shade led to increasing popularity of deciduous trees such as Jacaranda, flowering plum and peppercorn.[6]: page:86  Palms often framed the garden vista, and the native Cootamundra wattle was popular, as were shrubs such as camellias and standard roses.[6]: page:86  Conservatories contained begonias and Adiantum ferns.[6]: page:86 

Styles edit

There are twelve styles that predominated in the Federation period:

  • Federation Academic Classical
  • Federation Free Classical
  • Federation Filigree
  • Federation Anglo-Dutch
  • Federation Romanesque
  • Federation Gothic
  • Federation Carpenter Gothic
  • Federation Warehouse
  • Federation Queen Anne
  • Federation Free Style
  • Federation Arts and Crafts
  • Federation Bungalow

Residential architecture edit

Of the twelve Federation styles, there are four that were mainly used in residential architecture. They are Federation Queen Anne style, Federation Filigree style, Federation Arts and Craft style, and Federation Bungalow style.

Federation Queen Anne edit

The Federation Queen Anne style was designed to embrace the outdoor lifestyles of the Australian people. Most homes have asymmetric gables, white-painted window frames, front verandas with decorative timber features, tiling on the patio floor and entry paths. The brickwork is usually a deep red or dark brown, often with a mix of the two. The roofs are typically terracotta tiles with decorative gables (sometimes adorned with finials), motifs, timber features, tall chimneys and fretwork. Decorative leadlight windows are also common, as are circular windows (known as bulls-eye windows). Federation homes also have decorative internal features in the plasterwork, high ceilings and timber features.

Some outstanding examples are West Maling, Penshurst Avenue, Penshurst, New South Wales; Turramurra Ingleholme, Boomerang Street, Turramurra, New South Wales (former home of architect John Sulman); and Caerleon, Bellevue Hill, the first Queen Anne home in Australia. The Federation Queen Anne style was the most popular residential style in Australia between 1890 and 1910.

Federation Filigree edit

The Federation Filigree style is common in the hotter parts of Australia, especially in the north, since it is designed to create shade while allowing for the free flow of air. It is a common sight in Queensland and is sometimes known as the Queensland style. Some outstanding examples are Belltrees House, Scone, New South Wales; private home, Roderick Street, Ipswich, Queensland; and terrace of homes, east side of High Street, Millers Point, New South Wales.

Federation Arts and Crafts edit

The Federation Arts and Crafts style had its origins in England, where architects were reacting to the impersonal nature of the Industrial Revolution. Crafts and handiwork were emphasised to give architecture the "human touch". These influences were absorbed into Federation Australia, where the resulting buildings were generally small-scale to medium-scale and predominantly residential. Outstanding examples are Glyn, Kooyong road, Toorak, Victoria; The Crossways, Martin Road, Centennial Park, New South Wales; and Erica, Appian Way, Burwood, New South Wales.

  •  
    'Ailsa', Neutral Bay, New South Wales, Federation Arts and Crafts style
  •  
    'St Ellero', 5 Appian Way, Burwood, New South Wales, Federation Arts and Crafts style

Federation Bungalow edit

The Federation Bungalow style was the Australian response to the bungalow style that was developed in America by people like Gustav Stickley. It can be seen as a transition phase between the Federation Queen Anne style and the California Bungalow style that took on later. Stylistically, it exploited the qualities of the bungalow while frequently retaining the flair and idiosyncrasies of the Queen Anne style, although usually in simplified form. Outstanding examples are Nee Morna, Nepean Highway, Sorrento, Victoria; Blythewood, Beecroft Road, Cheltenham New South Wales; and The Eyrie, Fox Valley Road, Wahroonga, New South Wales.

Federation Revival edit

During the early-1990s, many of the design elements that characterised the Federation architecture of old were popularised in mainstream architecture. This Federation revival form is also known as "mock Federation" or "faux Federation". The style was widespread within the realm of residential housing (especially in new development suburbs) and for apartment buildings; however, smaller shopping centres and other public buildings also made use of the revival style that retained widespread popularity until the early 2000s. Suburbs of Sydney that developed in the 1990s—such as Cherrybrook, Castle Hill, and Menai—are notable in the sense that large tracts of these developments contain almost exclusively Federation revival homes.[7]

The construction of Federation revival architecture varied little from that of other basic styles, with the Federation elements merely forming the facade and decorating elements of the building. For example, the typical brick and roof tile construction, hexagonal turrets, ornate gable work, finials, prominent verandah, steep pitched roofs, and faceted bay windows served to parallel the traditional Federation architecture.

Non-residential architecture edit

Federation non-residential buildings can be in any of the twelve styles. The following gallery shows some examples of non-residential buildings.

Federation architects edit

Notable[citation needed] Federation architects in Australia include:

See also edit

References edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ "Place ID 2475". Australian Heritage Database. Australian Government.
  2. ^ "State Heritage Register". from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-09-10.
  3. ^ a b Evans, Ian (1999) [1986]. The Federation House. Mullumbimby, NSW: Flannel Flower Press. p. 8. ISBN 1-875253-11-4.
  4. ^ A Pictorial Guide to Identifying Australian Architecture. Apperly, Angus and Robertson. 1994 [1989]. p. 6. ISBN 0-207-18562-X.
  5. ^ Smith, Bernard (October 1969). "Art historical studies in Australia with comments on research and publication since 1974". Historical Studies. 14 (53): 90–91.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Fraser, Hugh; Joyce, Ray (1989). The Federation House: Australia's Own Style. Willoughby, NSW: Weldon Publishing. ISBN 1-86302-033-0.
  7. ^ Rod Fisher (2016). Queenslanders: Their Historic Timbered Homes. Boolarong Press. pp. 33–. ISBN 978-1-925522-23-5.

Bibliography edit

External links edit

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Federation architecture in Australia.
  • Federation Architecture at Flickr
  • Gallery of Federation Architecture
  • Gallery of Sydney Architecture
  • Federation House

February 15, 2024
federation, architecture, confused, with, federal, architecture, architectural, style, australia, that, prevalent, from, around, 1890, 1915, name, refers, federation, australia, january, 1901, when, british, colonies, australia, collectively, became, commonwea. Not to be confused with Federal architecture Federation architecture is the architectural style in Australia that was prevalent from around 1890 to 1915 3 The name refers to the Federation of Australia on 1 January 1901 when the British colonies of Australia collectively became the Commonwealth of Australia Caerleon located in Bellevue Hill New South Wales was the first Queen Anne style home in Australia It is listed on the Register of the National Estate 1 2 The architectural style had antecedents in the Queen Anne style and Edwardian style of the United Kingdom combined with various other influences like the Arts and Crafts style 3 Other styles also developed like the Federation Warehouse style which was heavily influenced by the Romanesque Revival style In Australia Federation architecture is generally associated with cottages in the Queen Anne style but some consider that there were twelve main styles that characterized the Federation period 4 Contents 1 Definition and features 1 1 Gardens and garden architecture 2 Styles 3 Residential architecture 3 1 Federation Queen Anne 3 2 Federation Filigree 3 3 Federation Arts and Crafts 3 4 Federation Bungalow 3 5 Federation Revival 4 Non residential architecture 5 Federation architects 6 See also 7 References 7 1 Notes 7 2 Bibliography 8 External linksDefinition and features editThe Federation period overlaps the Edwardian period which was so named after the reign of King Edward VII 1901 1910 however as the style preceded and extended beyond Edward s reign the term Federation architecture was coined in 1969 5 Federation architecture has many similarities to Edwardian Baroque architecture however there are significant differences that distinguish the Federation architecture style from the Edwardian Baroque architecture style particularly due to the embracing of Australiana themes and the use of the verandah in domestic settings Australian flora and fauna are prominently featured and stylised images of the New South Wales waratah 6 page 11 flannel flower Queensland firewheel tree and other flowers and the kangaroo 6 page 44 kookaburra 6 page 11 and lyrebird 6 page 10 were common The Coat of Arms 6 page 10 and rising sun representing a new dawn in the country of Australia also appeared regularly on gables Many citation needed Federation buildings both residential and non residential are listed on the Register of the National Estate because of their heritage values Gardens and garden architecture edit Gardens of the period were complex and contained many elements generally a wider variety of plants than is seen in contemporary plantings pergolas rose arches gazebos and summerhouses 6 page 82 Wooden lattice fences were used to partition parts of the garden off particularly the front from the more private back 6 page 81 Garden paths could be straight or gently curved and often edged with glazed edging tiles or bricks and made of tiles packed gravel or bricks patterns for brick paving include stretcher bond herringbone and basketweave 6 page 80 Asphalt and concrete were not used Plants were selected to produce year round colour and interest in the local climate conditions Initially evergreen trees were used but the denseness of shade led to increasing popularity of deciduous trees such as Jacaranda flowering plum and peppercorn 6 page 86 Palms often framed the garden vista and the native Cootamundra wattle was popular as were shrubs such as camellias and standard roses 6 page 86 Conservatories contained begonias and Adiantum ferns 6 page 86 Styles editThere are twelve styles that predominated in the Federation period Federation Academic Classical Federation Free Classical Federation Filigree Federation Anglo Dutch Federation Romanesque Federation Gothic Federation Carpenter Gothic Federation Warehouse Federation Queen Anne Federation Free Style Federation Arts and Crafts Federation BungalowResidential architecture editOf the twelve Federation styles there are four that were mainly used in residential architecture They are Federation Queen Anne style Federation Filigree style Federation Arts and Craft style and Federation Bungalow style Federation Queen Anne edit The Federation Queen Anne style was designed to embrace the outdoor lifestyles of the Australian people Most homes have asymmetric gables white painted window frames front verandas with decorative timber features tiling on the patio floor and entry paths The brickwork is usually a deep red or dark brown often with a mix of the two The roofs are typically terracotta tiles with decorative gables sometimes adorned with finials motifs timber features tall chimneys and fretwork Decorative leadlight windows are also common as are circular windows known as bulls eye windows Federation homes also have decorative internal features in the plasterwork high ceilings and timber features Some outstanding examples are West Maling Penshurst Avenue Penshurst New South Wales Turramurra Ingleholme Boomerang Street Turramurra New South Wales former home of architect John Sulman and Caerleon Bellevue Hill the first Queen Anne home in Australia The Federation Queen Anne style was the most popular residential style in Australia between 1890 and 1910 nbsp Caerleon Bellevue Hill New South Wales first Queen Anne home in Australia nbsp Amesbury Ashfield New South Wales Built c 1888 nbsp Hillcrest Launceston Tasmania nbsp Federation Queen Anne mansion in South Yarra Victoria nbsp Vallambrosa Appian Way Burwood New South Wales Federation Queen Anne style nbsp Alba Longa Federation Queen Anne home Appian Way Burwood New South WalesFederation Filigree edit The Federation Filigree style is common in the hotter parts of Australia especially in the north since it is designed to create shade while allowing for the free flow of air It is a common sight in Queensland and is sometimes known as the Queensland style Some outstanding examples are Belltrees House Scone New South Wales private home Roderick Street Ipswich Queensland and terrace of homes east side of High Street Millers Point New South Wales nbsp Derry a good example of Federation Filigree in Neutral Bay New South Wales nbsp A Filligree Queen Anne style house in Woollahra New South Wales nbsp Dilhorn House Perth nbsp Federation Filigree Beecroft New South WalesFederation Arts and Crafts edit The Federation Arts and Crafts style had its origins in England where architects were reacting to the impersonal nature of the Industrial Revolution Crafts and handiwork were emphasised to give architecture the human touch These influences were absorbed into Federation Australia where the resulting buildings were generally small scale to medium scale and predominantly residential Outstanding examples are Glyn Kooyong road Toorak Victoria The Crossways Martin Road Centennial Park New South Wales and Erica Appian Way Burwood New South Wales nbsp Ailsa Neutral Bay New South Wales Federation Arts and Crafts style nbsp St Ellero 5 Appian Way Burwood New South Wales Federation Arts and Crafts styleFederation Bungalow edit The Federation Bungalow style was the Australian response to the bungalow style that was developed in America by people like Gustav Stickley It can be seen as a transition phase between the Federation Queen Anne style and the California Bungalow style that took on later Stylistically it exploited the qualities of the bungalow while frequently retaining the flair and idiosyncrasies of the Queen Anne style although usually in simplified form Outstanding examples are Nee Morna Nepean Highway Sorrento Victoria Blythewood Beecroft Road Cheltenham New South Wales and The Eyrie Fox Valley Road Wahroonga New South Wales nbsp Federation cottage Beecroft New South Wales nbsp Cassa Tasso Appian Way Burwood New South Wales Federation Bungalow nbsp Federation Bungalow Randwick New South Wales nbsp Federation Bungalow Bondi New South Wales with Italianate touchesFederation Revival edit During the early 1990s many of the design elements that characterised the Federation architecture of old were popularised in mainstream architecture This Federation revival form is also known as mock Federation or faux Federation The style was widespread within the realm of residential housing especially in new development suburbs and for apartment buildings however smaller shopping centres and other public buildings also made use of the revival style that retained widespread popularity until the early 2000s Suburbs of Sydney that developed in the 1990s such as Cherrybrook Castle Hill and Menai are notable in the sense that large tracts of these developments contain almost exclusively Federation revival homes 7 The construction of Federation revival architecture varied little from that of other basic styles with the Federation elements merely forming the facade and decorating elements of the building For example the typical brick and roof tile construction hexagonal turrets ornate gable work finials prominent verandah steep pitched roofs and faceted bay windows served to parallel the traditional Federation architecture nbsp Federation revival home in Wahroonga Sydney nbsp Federation revival home in Roseville Sydney nbsp Federation revival apartments in Lindfield Sydney nbsp Federation revival apartments in Miranda Sydney c 1995 nbsp Federation revival house in Kingsford Sydney nbsp Federation revival house in Kensington Sydney nbsp A house in Blacktown Greater Western Sydney nbsp A house in Hornsby Sydney nbsp Roseville SydneyNon residential architecture editFederation non residential buildings can be in any of the twelve styles The following gallery shows some examples of non residential buildings nbsp Former bank building Oxford Street Darlinghurst New South Wales Federation Free Classical nbsp Mary Immaculate Church Waverley New South Wales Federation Academic Classical nbsp Our Lady of the Sacred Heart Convent Kensington New South Wales Federation Gothic nbsp Fire Station Darlinghurst New South Wales Federation Free Style designed by Walter Liberty Vernon nbsp Fremantle Markets Fremantle Western Australia Federation Romanesque nbsp St Mary s Church Townsville Queensland Federation Carpenter Gothic nbsp Salvation Army building Brisbane Queensland Federation Filigree style nbsp Former Farmers and Graziers Building Ultimo New South Wales Federation Warehouse style Federation architects editNotable citation needed Federation architects in Australia include Rodney Alsop Harold Desbrowe Annear Albert Edmund Bates Rockhampton Queensland Hillson Beasley A L Buchanan Henry Budden CBE Walter Butler Hugh Hamilton Campbell Warwick Queensland Claude William Chambers Qld John James Clark Robin Dods George Thomas Eaton Rockhampton Queensland Richard Gailey Brisbane Queensland George Brockwell Gill Ipswich Queensland Carlyle Greenwell William Hodgen Toowoomba Queensland Sir Talbot Hobbs John Horbury Hunt Edward Jeaffreson Jackson Sydney to 1908 Howard Joseland George Sydney Jones Henry Hardie Kemp Harry Marks Toowoomba George McRae Thomas Pollard Sampson Sir John Sulman George Temple Poole Beverley Ussher Walter Liberty Vernon B J WaterhouseSee also edit nbsp Australia portal nbsp Architecture portal Australian architectural styles Australian residential architectural styles Australian non residential architectural styles Appian Way Burwood List of Australian historic homesteadsReferences editNotes edit Place ID 2475 Australian Heritage Database Australian Government State Heritage Register Archived from the original on 2015 09 24 Retrieved 2015 09 10 a b Evans Ian 1999 1986 The Federation House Mullumbimby NSW Flannel Flower Press p 8 ISBN 1 875253 11 4 A Pictorial Guide to Identifying Australian Architecture Apperly Angus and Robertson 1994 1989 p 6 ISBN 0 207 18562 X Smith Bernard October 1969 Art historical studies in Australia with comments on research and publication since 1974 Historical Studies 14 53 90 91 a b c d e f g h i j k Fraser Hugh Joyce Ray 1989 The Federation House Australia s Own Style Willoughby NSW Weldon Publishing ISBN 1 86302 033 0 Rod Fisher 2016 Queenslanders Their Historic Timbered Homes Boolarong Press pp 33 ISBN 978 1 925522 23 5 Bibliography edit Archi Centre The Federation House Australian Heritage Architecture The Heritage of Australia Macmillan Company 1981 ISBN 0 333 33750 6External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Federation architecture in Australia Federation Architecture at Flickr Gallery of Federation Architecture Gallery of Sydney Architecture Federation House Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Federation architecture amp oldid 1183529206, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

article

, read, download, free, free download, mp3, video, mp4, 3gp, jpg, jpeg, gif, png, picture, music, song, movie, book, game, games.