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Chairperson

The chairperson, also chairman, chairwoman or chair, is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a board, committee, or deliberative assembly. The person holding the office, who is typically elected or appointed by members of the group or organisation, presides over meetings of the group, and conducts the group's business in an orderly fashion.[1]

Agustín Vásquez Gómez, ambassador of the Republic of El Salvador, chairing the OPCW's Fourth Review Conference, November 2018

In some organizations, the chairperson is also known as president (or other title).[2][3] In others, where a board appoints a president (or other title), the two terms are used for distinct positions. The term chairman may be used in a neutral manner, not directly implying the gender of the holder. In meetings or conferences, to "chair" something (chairing) means to lead the event.[4]

Terminology edit

Terms for the office and its holder include chair, chairperson, chairman, chairwoman, convenor, facilitator, moderator, president, and presiding officer.[5][6][7][8][9] The chairperson of a parliamentary chamber is sometimes called the speaker.[10][11] Chair has been used to refer to a seat or office of authority since the middle of the 17th century; its earliest citation in the Oxford English Dictionary dates to 1658–1659, four years after the first citation for chairman.[12][13][14] Chairman has been criticized[by whom?] as sexist.[15]

In World Schools Style debating, as of 2009, chairperson or chair refers to the person who controls the debate; it recommends using Madame Chair or Mr. Chairman to address the chairperson.[16] The FranklinCovey Style Guide for Business and Technical Communication and the American Psychological Association style guide advocate using chair or chairperson.[17][18] The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Style (2000) suggested that the gender-neutral forms were gaining ground; it advocated chair for both men and women.[19] The Telegraph style guide bans the use of chair and chairperson; the newspaper's position, as of 2018, is that "chairman is correct English".[20] The National Association of Parliamentarians adopted a resolution in 1975 discouraging the use of chairperson and rescinded it in 2017.[21][22]

Usage edit

 
Ambassador Leena Al-Hadid of Jordan chairs a meeting of the International Atomic Energy Agency, 2018.[23]

The word chair can refer to the place from which the holder of the office presides, whether on a chair, at a lectern, or elsewhere.[1] During meetings, the person presiding is said to be "in the chair" and is also referred to as "the chair".[1] Parliamentary procedure requires that members address the "chair" as "Mr. (or Madam) Chairman (or Chair or Chairperson)" rather than using a name – one of many customs intended to maintain the presiding officer's impartiality and to ensure an objective and impersonal approach.[7][24]

In the British music hall tradition, the chairman was the master of ceremonies who announced the performances and was responsible for controlling any rowdy elements in the audience. The role was popularised on British TV in the 1960s and 1970s by Leonard Sachs, the chairman on the variety show The Good Old Days.[25]

"Chairman" as a quasi-title gained particular resonance when socialist states from 1917 onward shunned more traditional leadership labels and stressed the collective control of Soviets (councils or committees) by beginning to refer to executive figureheads as "Chairman of the X Committee". Lenin, for example, officially functioned as the head of Soviet Russian government not as prime minister or as president but as "Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars".[26][27] At the same time, the head of the state was first called "Chairman of the Central Executive Committee" (until 1938) and then "Chairman of the Presidium of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet". In Communist China, Mao Zedong was commonly called "Chairman Mao", as he was officially Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party and Chairman of the Central Military Commission.

Roles and responsibilities edit

Duties at meetings edit

 

In addition to the administrative or executive duties in organizations, the chairperson presides over meetings.[28] Such duties at meetings include:

  • Calling the meeting to order
  • Determining if a quorum is present
  • Announcing the items on the order of business or agenda as they come up
  • Recognition of members to have the floor
  • Enforcing the rules of the group
  • Putting questions (motions) to a vote, which is the usual way of resolving disagreements following discussion of the issues
  • Adjourning the meeting

While presiding, the chairperson should remain impartial and not interrupt a speaker if the speaker has the floor and is following the rules of the group.[29] In committees or small boards, the chairperson votes along with the other members; in assemblies or larger boards, the chairperson should vote only when it can affect the result.[30] At a meeting, the chairperson only has one vote (i.e. the chairperson cannot vote twice and cannot override the decision of the group unless the organization has specifically given the chairperson such authority).[31]

Powers and authority edit

The powers of the chairperson vary widely across organizations. In some organizations they have the authority to hire staff and make financial decisions. In others they only make recommendations to a board of directors, and or may have no executive powers, in which case they are mainly a spokesperson for the organization. The power given depends upon the type of organization, its structure, and the rules it has created for itself.

Disciplinary procedures edit

If the chairperson exceeds their authority, engages in misconduct, or fails to perform their duties, they may face disciplinary procedures. Such procedures may include censure, suspension, or removal from office. The rules of the organization would provide details on who can perform these disciplinary procedures.[32] Usually, whoever appointed or elected the chairperson has the power to discipline them.

Public corporations edit

There are three common types of chairperson in public corporations.

Chairman and CEO edit

The chief executive officer (CEO) may also hold the title of chairperson, in which case the board frequently names an independent member of the board as a lead director. This position is equivalent to the position of président-directeur général in France.[citation needed]

Executive chairman edit

Executive chairperson is an office separate from that of CEO, where the titleholder wields influence over company operations, such as Larry Ellison of Oracle, Douglas Flint of HSBC and Steve Case of AOL Time Warner. In particular, the group chair of HSBC is considered the top position of that institution, outranking the chief executive, and is responsible for leading the board and representing the company in meetings with government figures. Before the creation of the group management board in 2006, HSBC's chair essentially held the duties of a chief executive at an equivalent institution, while HSBC's chief executive served as the deputy. After the 2006 reorganization, the management cadre ran the business, while the chairperson oversaw the controls of the business through compliance and audit and the direction of the business.[33][34][35]

Non-executive chairman edit

Non-executive chairperson is also a separate post from the CEO; unlike an executive chairperson, a non-executive chair does not interfere in day-to-day company matters. Across the world, many companies have separated the roles of chairperson and CEO, saying that this move improves corporate governance. The non-executive chairperson's duties are typically limited to matters directly related to the board, such as:[36]

  • Chairing the meetings of the board.
  • Organizing and coordinating the board's activities, such as by setting its annual agenda.
  • Reviewing and evaluating the performance of the CEO and the other board members.

Examples edit

 
Christina Magnuson, as chairman,[37] presides over the 2016 annual meeting of the Friends of the Ulriksdal Palace Theater.

Many companies in the US have an executive chairperson; this method of organization is sometimes called the American model. Having a non-executive chairperson is common in the UK and Canada; this is sometimes called the British model. Expert opinion is rather evenly divided over which is the preferable model.[38] There is a growing push by public market investors for companies with an executive chairperson to have a lead independent director to provide some element of an independent perspective.[39][40]

The role of the chairperson in a private equity-backed board differs from the role in non-profit or publicly listed organizations in several ways, including the pay, role and what makes an effective private-equity chairperson.[41] Companies with both an executive chairperson and a CEO include Ford,[42] HSBC,[43] Alphabet Inc.,[44] HP,[45] and Apple.[46]

Vice-chairperson and deputy chairperson edit

A vice- or deputy chairperson, subordinate to the chairperson, is sometimes chosen to assist and to serve as chairperson in the latter's absence, or when a motion involving the chairperson is being discussed.[47] In the absence of the chairperson and vice-chairperson, groups sometimes elect a chairperson pro tempore to fill the role for a single meeting.[48] In some organizations that have both titles, deputy chairperson ranks higher than vice-chairperson, as there are often multiple vice-chairpersons but only a single deputy chairperson.[49] This type of deputy chairperson title on its own usually has only an advisory role and not an operational one (such as Ted Turner at Time Warner).[50]

An unrelated definition of vice- and deputy chairpersons describes an executive who is higher ranking or has more seniority than an executive vice-president (EVP). Sometimes, EVPs report to a vice-chairperson, who in turn reports directly to the chief executive officer (CEO) (so vice-chairpersons in effect constitute an additional layer of management), while other vice-chairpersons have more responsibilities but are otherwise on an equal tier with EVPs. Executives with the title vice-chairperson and deputy chairperson are usually not members of the board of directors.[citation needed]

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ a b c Robert, Henry M.; et al. (2011). Robert's Rules of Order Newly Revised (11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Da Capo Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-306-82020-5.
  2. ^ Robert 2011, p. 448
  3. ^ Sturgis, Alice (2001). The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure (Fourth ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 163. ISBN 978-0-07-136513-0.
  4. ^ "Chairing". Cambridge Dictionary (Online ed.). Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  5. ^ Hellinger, Marlis, ed. (2001). Gender across languages: The Linguistic Representation of Women and Men (IMPACT: Studies in Language and Society). Amsterdam: Benjamins. p. 125. ISBN 90-272-1841-2.
  6. ^ "Chairperson". Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 2014-01-10.
  7. ^ a b Sturgis 2001, p. 11
  8. ^ "moderator". Chambers 21st Century Dictionary via Search Chambers. Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap.
  9. ^ Although convener means someone who summons (convenes) a meeting, the convener may take the chair. The Oxford English Dictionary (2nd edition, 1989) offers this citation: 1833 Act 3–4 Will. IV, c. 46 §43 "The convener, who shall preside at such committee, shall be entitled to a casting vote." This meaning is most commonly found in assemblies with Scottish heritage.
  10. ^ . New Zealand Parliament. Office of the Speaker, Parliament of New Zealand. 2006-02-01. Archived from the original on 2019-05-09. Retrieved 2019-05-09.
  11. ^ . Parliament of the United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 2008-06-09. Retrieved 2008-10-23. ... responsibilities of the Lord Speaker include chairing the Lords debating chamber,...
  12. ^ Merriam-Webster's dictionary of English usage. Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster. 1993. p. 235. ISBN 0-87779-132-5.
  13. ^ "Chairman". Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). 2006. Retrieved 2008-10-22.
  14. ^ See also the American Heritage Dictionary, the Oxford English Dictionary, the online edition of the current Merriam-Webster Dictionary, Word Origins by Anatoly Liberman (page 88), Merriam-Webster's Dictionary of English Usage (page 235)
  15. ^ *Margrit Eichler (28 October 2013). Nonsexist Research Methods: A Practical Guide. Routledge. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-134-97797-0. Typically, these analyses pointed out the use of so-called generic male terms as sexist... As a consequence of these critiques, guides were published that replaced so-called generic male terms with truly generic terms: policeman became police officer; fireman, fire fighter; postman, mail carrier; workman, worker; chairman, chairperson; mankind, humanity; and so on.
    • Barrie Thorne; Nancy Henley (1975). Language and Sex: Difference and Dominance. Newbury House Publishers. p. 28. ISBN 9780883770436. Is it possible to change sexist language? ... Much of the debate has centered around two types of change: the coining of new terms (such as Ms. to replace Miss/Mrs., and chairperson to replace chairman and chairwoman), and various proposal to replace he as the generic third person singular pronoun.
    • Dale Spender (1990). Man Made Language. Pandora. pp. 29–30. ISBN 978-0-04-440766-9. Another factor which we must bear in mind is that women need more words - and more positive words - not less. The removal of sexist words would not leave a large repertoire of words for women to draw upon! ... Some attempts have been made to modify sexist words and there arc signs that this on its own is insufficient to reduce sexism in language. Words such as police officer and chairperson have been an attempt to break away from the negative value which female words acquire by the creation of sex-neutral terms
    • . Oxford Living Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2019-05-10. Retrieved 2019-05-20. People also object to the use of the ending -man in words referring to professions and roles in society, for example postman, spokesman, or chairman. Since women are generally as likely as men to be involved in an occupation or activity nowadays, this type of word is increasingly being replaced by gender-neutral terms, e.g. postal worker, spokesperson, or chair/chairperson.
    • "Chairman - More About". Oxford Learner's Dictionary. Oxford University Press. from the original on May 30, 2017. Retrieved 2019-05-20. When you are writing or speaking English it is important to use language that includes both men and women equally. Some people may be very offended if you do not ... Neutral words like assistant, worker, person or officer are now often used instead of -man or -woman in the names of jobs ... Neutral words are very common in newspapers, on television and radio and in official writing, in both British English and North American English.
    • "Chairman - Note". Cambridge Dictionary. Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 2019-05-20. Although chairman can refer to a person of either sex, chairperson or chair is often preferred to avoid giving the idea the person is necessarily male.
    • "Chairperson (usage note)". Dictionary.com. Retrieved 2019-05-20. Chairperson has, since the 1960s, come to be used widely as an alternative to either chairman or chairwoman. This change has sprung largely from a desire to avoid chairman, which is felt by many to be inappropriate and even sexually discriminatory when applied to a woman ... Chairperson is standard in all varieties of speech and writing.
    • "Chairman (usage note)". Macmillan Dictionary. Springer. Retrieved 2019-05-20. Many people prefer to say chair or chairperson, because the word chairman suggests that the person in this position is always a man.
    • "Chairman (usage note)". The American Heritage Dictionary. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Retrieved 2019-05-20. These compounds sometimes generate controversy because they are considered sexist by some people who believe that -man necessarily excludes females. Others believe that -man, like the word man itself, is an accepted and efficient convention that is not meant to be gender-specific.
    • "Chairman (usage note)". Collins English Dictionary. Retrieved 2019-05-20. Chairman can seem inappropriate when applied to a woman, while chairwoman can be offensive. Chair and chairperson can be applied to either a man or a woman; chair is generally preferred to chairperson
    • Marshall Cavendish Corporation (2010). Sex and society Volume 1: Abstinence – Gender Identity. New York: Marshall Cavendish Reference. p. 300. ISBN 978-0-7614-7906-2.
    • Zinsser, William (2007). On writing well : the classic guide to writing nonfiction (30. anniversary ed., 7. ed., rev. and updated, [Nachdr.] ed.). New York: HarperCollins. p. 81. ISBN 978-0-06-089154-1.
  16. ^ Quinn, Simon (2009). Debating in the World Schools style: a guide. New York: International Debate Education Association. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-932716-55-9.
  17. ^ England, Breck; Covey, Stephen R.; Freeman, Larry H. (2012). FranklinCovey style guide for business and technical communication (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: FT Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-13-309039-0.
  18. ^ Gurung, Regan A. R.; Schwartz, Beth M.; Landrum, R. Eric (2012). An easyguide to APA style. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: SAGE Publications. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-4129-9124-7.
  19. ^ Garner, Bryan A. (2000). The Oxford dictionary of American usage and style (2 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 61. ISBN 0-19-513508-3.
  20. ^ "Banned words". The Telegraph. 23 January 2018. Archived from the original on 2022-01-10.
  21. ^ . National Association of Parliamentarians. 6 October 2017. Archived from the original on 2019-02-21. Retrieved 2019-02-20.
  22. ^ Miller, Casey; Swift, Kate (2000). The Handbook of Nonsexist Writing: For writers, editors and speakers (2nd ed.). Lincoln, NE: iUniverse.com. p. 32. ISBN 0-595-15921-4.
  23. ^ Dixit, Aabha (24 September 2018). "Ambassador Leena Al-Hadid Takes Over as New Chairperson of IAEA Board of Governors". International Atomic Energy Agency.
  24. ^ Robert 2011, p. 23
  25. ^ Baker, Richard Anthony (2014). British Music Hall: An Illustrated History. Barnsley: Pen & Sword. p. 207. ISBN 978-1-78383-118-0.
  26. ^ Cawthorne, Nigel (2012-07-24). Stalin: The Murderous Career of the Red Tsar. Arcturus Publishing (published 2012). ISBN 978-1-84858-951-3. Retrieved 2015-02-25. [...] Lenin, Stalin, Trotsky, Molotov and Abel Yenukidze [...] began discussing the structure of the new government. Lenin did not want to have 'ministers' as such, so Trotsky suggested that they should be called "peoples' commissars". The government itself would be the "Council of People's Commissars" and its chairman would be prime minister, in effect.
  27. ^ Brackman, Roman (2004). The Secret File of Joseph Stalin: A Hidden Life. Routledge. p. 116. ISBN 978-1-135-75840-0. On 26 October 1917, Lenin announced the creation of the Council of People's Commissars, having rejected the traditional title of minister as being too "bourgeois", and named himself the "Chairman of the Council".
  28. ^ Robert 2011, p. 449
  29. ^ Robert 2011, p. 44: "The presiding officer must never interrupt a speaker simply because he knows more about the matter than the speaker does."
  30. ^ . The Official Robert's Rules of Order Web Site. The Robert's Rules Association. Archived from the original on 2004-11-12. Retrieved 2015-12-17.
  31. ^ Robert 2011, p. 406
  32. ^ . The Official Robert's Rules of Order Web Site. The Robert's Rules Association. Archived from the original on 2004-11-12. Retrieved 2015-12-24.
  33. ^ HSBC investors against Michael Geoghegan becoming chairman. Telegraph. Retrieved on 2013-08-22.
  34. ^ HSBC chief Michael Geoghegan 'to quit' after failing to get top job 2013-12-04 at the Wayback Machine. News.com.au (2010-09-24). Retrieved on 2013-08-22.
  35. ^ HSBC ex-chief Michael Geoghegan relaxes as another marathon looms. Telegraph. Retrieved on 2013-08-22.
  36. ^ Kefgen, Keith (2004-05-11). . HVS web site. HVS. Archived from the original on 27 October 2007. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
  37. ^ "We at Confidencen: Board and General Management". Retrieved 9 May 2019.
  38. ^ Behan, Beverly (10 January 2008). . BusinessWeek. Archived from the original on 2011-04-16. Retrieved 2011-04-03.
  39. ^ "COMMONSENSE PRINCIPLES OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE" (PDF).
  40. ^ . Archived from the original on 2 February 2017.
  41. ^ . www.nurole.com. 2018-05-04. Archived from the original on 2019-02-26. Retrieved 2019-02-25.
  42. ^ . Ford Motor Company. Ford Motor Company. 2019. Archived from the original on 2011-05-11. Retrieved 2011-04-05.
  43. ^ "Leadership". HSBC. 2019. Retrieved 2011-04-05.
  44. ^ "Board - Investor Relations". Retrieved 2011-04-05.
  45. ^ "HP Investor Relations – Board of directors". Hewlett-Packard. Retrieved 2011-09-24.
  46. ^ "Apple Leadership". Apple Inc. Retrieved 2014-11-06.
  47. ^ Robert 2011, p. 452
  48. ^ Robert 2011, p. 453
  49. ^ "Leadership". Rbccm.com. Retrieved 8 October 2017.
  50. ^ "Ted Turner quits as AOLTW Vice Chairman – TV News". Digital Spy. 2003-01-29. Retrieved 2011-12-31.

Further reading edit

  • Trohan, Colette Collier (2014). A Great Meeting Needs a Great Chair. A Great Meeting. ASIN B00NP7BR8O.

chairperson, chairman, board, redirects, here, other, uses, chairman, board, disambiguation, chairperson, also, chairman, chairwoman, chair, presiding, officer, organized, group, such, board, committee, deliberative, assembly, person, holding, office, typicall. Chairman of the Board redirects here For other uses see Chairman of the Board disambiguation The chairperson also chairman chairwoman or chair is the presiding officer of an organized group such as a board committee or deliberative assembly The person holding the office who is typically elected or appointed by members of the group or organisation presides over meetings of the group and conducts the group s business in an orderly fashion 1 Agustin Vasquez Gomez ambassador of the Republic of El Salvador chairing the OPCW s Fourth Review Conference November 2018In some organizations the chairperson is also known as president or other title 2 3 In others where a board appoints a president or other title the two terms are used for distinct positions The term chairman may be used in a neutral manner not directly implying the gender of the holder In meetings or conferences to chair something chairing means to lead the event 4 Contents 1 Terminology 1 1 Usage 2 Roles and responsibilities 2 1 Duties at meetings 2 2 Powers and authority 2 3 Disciplinary procedures 3 Public corporations 3 1 Chairman and CEO 3 2 Executive chairman 3 3 Non executive chairman 3 4 Examples 4 Vice chairperson and deputy chairperson 5 See also 6 References 7 Further readingTerminology edit nbsp Look up chair chairman chairwoman chairperson or preside in Wiktionary the free dictionary Terms for the office and its holder include chair chairperson chairman chairwoman convenor facilitator moderator president and presiding officer 5 6 7 8 9 The chairperson of a parliamentary chamber is sometimes called the speaker 10 11 Chair has been used to refer to a seat or office of authority since the middle of the 17th century its earliest citation in the Oxford English Dictionary dates to 1658 1659 four years after the first citation for chairman 12 13 14 Chairman has been criticized by whom as sexist 15 In World Schools Style debating as of 2009 chairperson or chair refers to the person who controls the debate it recommends using Madame Chair or Mr Chairman to address the chairperson 16 The FranklinCovey Style Guide for Business and Technical Communication and the American Psychological Association style guide advocate using chair or chairperson 17 18 The Oxford Dictionary of American Usage and Style 2000 suggested that the gender neutral forms were gaining ground it advocated chair for both men and women 19 The Telegraph style guide bans the use of chair and chairperson the newspaper s position as of 2018 is that chairman is correct English 20 The National Association of Parliamentarians adopted a resolution in 1975 discouraging the use of chairperson and rescinded it in 2017 21 22 Usage edit nbsp Ambassador Leena Al Hadid of Jordan chairs a meeting of the International Atomic Energy Agency 2018 23 The word chair can refer to the place from which the holder of the office presides whether on a chair at a lectern or elsewhere 1 During meetings the person presiding is said to be in the chair and is also referred to as the chair 1 Parliamentary procedure requires that members address the chair as Mr or Madam Chairman or Chair or Chairperson rather than using a name one of many customs intended to maintain the presiding officer s impartiality and to ensure an objective and impersonal approach 7 24 In the British music hall tradition the chairman was the master of ceremonies who announced the performances and was responsible for controlling any rowdy elements in the audience The role was popularised on British TV in the 1960s and 1970s by Leonard Sachs the chairman on the variety show The Good Old Days 25 Chairman as a quasi title gained particular resonance when socialist states from 1917 onward shunned more traditional leadership labels and stressed the collective control of Soviets councils or committees by beginning to refer to executive figureheads as Chairman of the X Committee Lenin for example officially functioned as the head of Soviet Russian government not as prime minister or as president but as Chairman of the Council of People s Commissars 26 27 At the same time the head of the state was first called Chairman of the Central Executive Committee until 1938 and then Chairman of the Presidium of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet In Communist China Mao Zedong was commonly called Chairman Mao as he was officially Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party and Chairman of the Central Military Commission Roles and responsibilities editDuties at meetings edit nbsp Sam Ervin right chairman of the United States Senate Watergate Committee 1973 In addition to the administrative or executive duties in organizations the chairperson presides over meetings 28 Such duties at meetings include Calling the meeting to order Determining if a quorum is present Announcing the items on the order of business or agenda as they come up Recognition of members to have the floor Enforcing the rules of the group Putting questions motions to a vote which is the usual way of resolving disagreements following discussion of the issues Adjourning the meetingWhile presiding the chairperson should remain impartial and not interrupt a speaker if the speaker has the floor and is following the rules of the group 29 In committees or small boards the chairperson votes along with the other members in assemblies or larger boards the chairperson should vote only when it can affect the result 30 At a meeting the chairperson only has one vote i e the chairperson cannot vote twice and cannot override the decision of the group unless the organization has specifically given the chairperson such authority 31 Powers and authority edit The powers of the chairperson vary widely across organizations In some organizations they have the authority to hire staff and make financial decisions In others they only make recommendations to a board of directors and or may have no executive powers in which case they are mainly a spokesperson for the organization The power given depends upon the type of organization its structure and the rules it has created for itself Disciplinary procedures edit If the chairperson exceeds their authority engages in misconduct or fails to perform their duties they may face disciplinary procedures Such procedures may include censure suspension or removal from office The rules of the organization would provide details on who can perform these disciplinary procedures 32 Usually whoever appointed or elected the chairperson has the power to discipline them Public corporations editThere are three common types of chairperson in public corporations Chairman and CEO edit The chief executive officer CEO may also hold the title of chairperson in which case the board frequently names an independent member of the board as a lead director This position is equivalent to the position of president directeur general in France citation needed Executive chairman edit Executive chairperson is an office separate from that of CEO where the titleholder wields influence over company operations such as Larry Ellison of Oracle Douglas Flint of HSBC and Steve Case of AOL Time Warner In particular the group chair of HSBC is considered the top position of that institution outranking the chief executive and is responsible for leading the board and representing the company in meetings with government figures Before the creation of the group management board in 2006 HSBC s chair essentially held the duties of a chief executive at an equivalent institution while HSBC s chief executive served as the deputy After the 2006 reorganization the management cadre ran the business while the chairperson oversaw the controls of the business through compliance and audit and the direction of the business 33 34 35 Non executive chairman edit Non executive chairperson is also a separate post from the CEO unlike an executive chairperson a non executive chair does not interfere in day to day company matters Across the world many companies have separated the roles of chairperson and CEO saying that this move improves corporate governance The non executive chairperson s duties are typically limited to matters directly related to the board such as 36 Chairing the meetings of the board Organizing and coordinating the board s activities such as by setting its annual agenda Reviewing and evaluating the performance of the CEO and the other board members Examples edit nbsp Christina Magnuson as chairman 37 presides over the 2016 annual meeting of the Friends of the Ulriksdal Palace Theater Many companies in the US have an executive chairperson this method of organization is sometimes called the American model Having a non executive chairperson is common in the UK and Canada this is sometimes called the British model Expert opinion is rather evenly divided over which is the preferable model 38 There is a growing push by public market investors for companies with an executive chairperson to have a lead independent director to provide some element of an independent perspective 39 40 The role of the chairperson in a private equity backed board differs from the role in non profit or publicly listed organizations in several ways including the pay role and what makes an effective private equity chairperson 41 Companies with both an executive chairperson and a CEO include Ford 42 HSBC 43 Alphabet Inc 44 HP 45 and Apple 46 Vice chairperson and deputy chairperson editA vice or deputy chairperson subordinate to the chairperson is sometimes chosen to assist and to serve as chairperson in the latter s absence or when a motion involving the chairperson is being discussed 47 In the absence of the chairperson and vice chairperson groups sometimes elect a chairperson pro tempore to fill the role for a single meeting 48 In some organizations that have both titles deputy chairperson ranks higher than vice chairperson as there are often multiple vice chairpersons but only a single deputy chairperson 49 This type of deputy chairperson title on its own usually has only an advisory role and not an operational one such as Ted Turner at Time Warner 50 An unrelated definition of vice and deputy chairpersons describes an executive who is higher ranking or has more seniority than an executive vice president EVP Sometimes EVPs report to a vice chairperson who in turn reports directly to the chief executive officer CEO so vice chairpersons in effect constitute an additional layer of management while other vice chairpersons have more responsibilities but are otherwise on an equal tier with EVPs Executives with the title vice chairperson and deputy chairperson are usually not members of the board of directors citation needed See also editExecutive director Non executive director Parliamentary procedure in the corporate world President corporate title References edit a b c Robert Henry M et al 2011 Robert s Rules of Order Newly Revised 11th ed Philadelphia PA Da Capo Press p 22 ISBN 978 0 306 82020 5 Robert 2011 p 448 Sturgis Alice 2001 The Standard Code of Parliamentary Procedure Fourth ed New York McGraw Hill p 163 ISBN 978 0 07 136513 0 Chairing Cambridge Dictionary Online ed Retrieved 22 January 2024 Hellinger Marlis ed 2001 Gender across languages The Linguistic Representation of Women and Men IMPACT Studies in Language and Society Amsterdam Benjamins p 125 ISBN 90 272 1841 2 Chairperson Merriam Webster Retrieved 2014 01 10 a b Sturgis 2001 p 11 moderator Chambers 21st Century Dictionary via Search Chambers Edinburgh Chambers Harrap Although convener means someone who summons convenes a meeting the convener may take the chair The Oxford English Dictionary 2nd edition 1989 offers this citation 1833 Act 3 4 Will IV c 46 43 The convener who shall preside at such committee shall be entitled to a casting vote This meaning is most commonly found in assemblies with Scottish heritage The many roles of the Speaker New Zealand Parliament Office of the Speaker Parliament of New Zealand 2006 02 01 Archived from the original on 2019 05 09 Retrieved 2019 05 09 About Parliament The Lord Speaker Parliament of the United Kingdom Archived from the original on 2008 06 09 Retrieved 2008 10 23 responsibilities of the Lord Speaker include chairing the Lords debating chamber Merriam Webster s dictionary of English usage Springfield Mass Merriam Webster 1993 p 235 ISBN 0 87779 132 5 Chairman Dictionary com Unabridged v 1 1 2006 Retrieved 2008 10 22 See also the American Heritage Dictionary the Oxford English Dictionary the online edition of the current Merriam Webster Dictionary Word Origins by Anatoly Liberman page 88 Merriam Webster s Dictionary of English Usage page 235 Margrit Eichler 28 October 2013 Nonsexist Research Methods A Practical Guide Routledge p 14 ISBN 978 1 134 97797 0 Typically these analyses pointed out the use of so called generic male terms as sexist As a consequence of these critiques guides were published that replaced so called generic male terms with truly generic terms policeman became police officer fireman fire fighter postman mail carrier workman worker chairman chairperson mankind humanity and so on Barrie Thorne Nancy Henley 1975 Language and Sex Difference and Dominance Newbury House Publishers p 28 ISBN 9780883770436 Is it possible to change sexist language Much of the debate has centered around two types of change the coining of new terms such as Ms to replace Miss Mrs and chairperson to replace chairman and chairwoman and various proposal to replace he as the generic third person singular pronoun Dale Spender 1990 Man Made Language Pandora pp 29 30 ISBN 978 0 04 440766 9 Another factor which we must bear in mind is that women need more words and more positive words not less The removal of sexist words would not leave a large repertoire of words for women to draw upon Some attempts have been made to modify sexist words and there arc signs that this on its own is insufficient to reduce sexism in language Words such as police officer and chairperson have been an attempt to break away from the negative value which female words acquire by the creation of sex neutral terms The language of gender Oxford Living Dictionary Oxford University Press Archived from the original on 2019 05 10 Retrieved 2019 05 20 People also object to the use of the ending man in words referring to professions and roles in society for example postman spokesman or chairman Since women are generally as likely as men to be involved in an occupation or activity nowadays this type of word is increasingly being replaced by gender neutral terms e g postal worker spokesperson or chair chairperson Chairman More About Oxford Learner s Dictionary Oxford University Press Archived from the original on May 30 2017 Retrieved 2019 05 20 When you are writing or speaking English it is important to use language that includes both men and women equally Some people may be very offended if you do not Neutral words like assistant worker person or officer are now often used instead of man or woman in the names of jobs Neutral words are very common in newspapers on television and radio and in official writing in both British English and North American English Chairman Note Cambridge Dictionary Cambridge University Press Retrieved 2019 05 20 Although chairman can refer to a person of either sex chairperson or chair is often preferred to avoid giving the idea the person is necessarily male Chairperson usage note Dictionary com Retrieved 2019 05 20 Chairperson has since the 1960s come to be used widely as an alternative to either chairman or chairwoman This change has sprung largely from a desire to avoid chairman which is felt by many to be inappropriate and even sexually discriminatory when applied to a woman Chairperson is standard in all varieties of speech and writing Chairman usage note Macmillan Dictionary Springer Retrieved 2019 05 20 Many people prefer to say chair or chairperson because the word chairman suggests that the person in this position is always a man Chairman usage note The American Heritage Dictionary Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Retrieved 2019 05 20 These compounds sometimes generate controversy because they are considered sexist by some people who believe that man necessarily excludes females Others believe that man like the word man itself is an accepted and efficient convention that is not meant to be gender specific Chairman usage note Collins English Dictionary Retrieved 2019 05 20 Chairman can seem inappropriate when applied to a woman while chairwoman can be offensive Chair and chairperson can be applied to either a man or a woman chair is generally preferred to chairperson Marshall Cavendish Corporation 2010 Sex and society Volume 1 Abstinence Gender Identity New York Marshall Cavendish Reference p 300 ISBN 978 0 7614 7906 2 Zinsser William 2007 On writing well the classic guide to writing nonfiction 30 anniversary ed 7 ed rev and updated Nachdr ed New York HarperCollins p 81 ISBN 978 0 06 089154 1 Quinn Simon 2009 Debating in the World Schools style a guide New York International Debate Education Association p 5 ISBN 978 1 932716 55 9 England Breck Covey Stephen R Freeman Larry H 2012 FranklinCovey style guide for business and technical communication 5th ed Upper Saddle River N J FT Press p 27 ISBN 978 0 13 309039 0 Gurung Regan A R Schwartz Beth M Landrum R Eric 2012 An easyguide to APA style Thousand Oaks Calif SAGE Publications p 54 ISBN 978 1 4129 9124 7 Garner Bryan A 2000 The Oxford dictionary of American usage and style 2 ed Oxford Oxford University Press p 61 ISBN 0 19 513508 3 Banned words The Telegraph 23 January 2018 Archived from the original on 2022 01 10 Chair Chairperson Chairman Which Should You Use National Association of Parliamentarians 6 October 2017 Archived from the original on 2019 02 21 Retrieved 2019 02 20 Miller Casey Swift Kate 2000 The Handbook of Nonsexist Writing For writers editors and speakers 2nd ed Lincoln NE iUniverse com p 32 ISBN 0 595 15921 4 Dixit Aabha 24 September 2018 Ambassador Leena Al Hadid Takes Over as New Chairperson of IAEA Board of Governors International Atomic Energy Agency Robert 2011 p 23 Baker Richard Anthony 2014 British Music Hall An Illustrated History Barnsley Pen amp Sword p 207 ISBN 978 1 78383 118 0 Cawthorne Nigel 2012 07 24 Stalin The Murderous Career of the Red Tsar Arcturus Publishing published 2012 ISBN 978 1 84858 951 3 Retrieved 2015 02 25 Lenin Stalin Trotsky Molotov and Abel Yenukidze began discussing the structure of the new government Lenin did not want to have ministers as such so Trotsky suggested that they should be called peoples commissars The government itself would be the Council of People s Commissars and its chairman would be prime minister in effect Brackman Roman 2004 The Secret File of Joseph Stalin A Hidden Life Routledge p 116 ISBN 978 1 135 75840 0 On 26 October 1917 Lenin announced the creation of the Council of People s Commissars having rejected the traditional title of minister as being too bourgeois and named himself the Chairman of the Council Robert 2011 p 449 Robert 2011 p 44 The presiding officer must never interrupt a speaker simply because he knows more about the matter than the speaker does Frequently Asked Questions about RONR Question 1 The Official Robert s Rules of Order Web Site The Robert s Rules Association Archived from the original on 2004 11 12 Retrieved 2015 12 17 Robert 2011 p 406 Frequently Asked Questions about RONR Question 20 The Official Robert s Rules of Order Web Site The Robert s Rules Association Archived from the original on 2004 11 12 Retrieved 2015 12 24 HSBC investors against Michael Geoghegan becoming chairman Telegraph Retrieved on 2013 08 22 HSBC chief Michael Geoghegan to quit after failing to get top job Archived 2013 12 04 at the Wayback Machine News com au 2010 09 24 Retrieved on 2013 08 22 HSBC ex chief Michael Geoghegan relaxes as another marathon looms Telegraph Retrieved on 2013 08 22 Kefgen Keith 2004 05 11 The Non Executive Chairman Comes of Age HVS web site HVS Archived from the original on 27 October 2007 Retrieved 2011 04 03 We at Confidencen Board and General Management Retrieved 9 May 2019 Behan Beverly 10 January 2008 Splitting the Chairman and CEO roles BusinessWeek Archived from the original on 2011 04 16 Retrieved 2011 04 03 COMMONSENSE PRINCIPLES OF CORPORATE GOVERNANCE PDF Corporate Governance Principles for US Listed Companies Archived from the original on 2 February 2017 What is the role of a chair of the board in a private equity company www nurole com 2018 05 04 Archived from the original on 2019 02 26 Retrieved 2019 02 25 About Us Ford Motor Company Ford Motor Company 2019 Archived from the original on 2011 05 11 Retrieved 2011 04 05 Leadership HSBC 2019 Retrieved 2011 04 05 Board Investor Relations Retrieved 2011 04 05 HP Investor Relations Board of directors Hewlett Packard Retrieved 2011 09 24 Apple Leadership Apple Inc Retrieved 2014 11 06 Robert 2011 p 452 Robert 2011 p 453 Leadership Rbccm com Retrieved 8 October 2017 Ted Turner quits as AOLTW Vice Chairman TV News Digital Spy 2003 01 29 Retrieved 2011 12 31 Further reading editTrohan Colette Collier 2014 A Great Meeting Needs a Great Chair A Great Meeting ASIN B00NP7BR8O Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Chairperson amp oldid 1215726851 Executive chairperson, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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