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The Disaster of Yongjia (simplified Chinese: 永嘉之乱; traditional Chinese: 永嘉之亂) refers to an event in Chinese history that occurred in 311 CE (5th year of the Yongjia era of the reign of Emperor Huai of Jin, hence the name), when forces of the Xiongnu-led Han-Zhao dynasty captured and sacked Luoyang, the capital of the Western Jin dynasty. After this victory, Han-Zhao's army committed a massacre of the city's inhabitants, killing the Jin crown prince, a host of ministers, and over 30,000[1] civilians. They also burnt down the palaces and dug up the Jin dynasty's mausoleums. This was a pivotal event during the Upheaval of the Five Barbarians and the early Sixteen Kingdoms era, and it played a major role in the fall of the Western Jin dynasty in 316 CE.
Aurel Stein discovered 5 letters written in Sogdian known as the "Ancient Letters" in an abandoned watchtower near Dunhuang in 1907. One letter in the collection was written by the Sogdian Nanai-vandak addressed to Sogdians back home in Samarkand, informing them about a mass rebellion by Xiongnu Hun rebels against their Han Chinese rulers of the Western Jin dynasty. He further informed his people that every single one of the diaspora Sogdians and Indians in the Chinese Western Jin capital Luoyang died of starvation due to the uprising. The Han Chinese emperor abandoned Luoyang when it came under siege by the Xiongnu rebels and his palace was burned down. Nanai-vandak also said the city of Ye was no more as the Xiongnu rebellion resulted in disaster for the Sogdian diaspora in China.[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]
The Disaster of Yongjia was a major impetus for the mass migration and expansion of Han people into southern China. Many clan genealogies ascribe this event in particular as the reason why their ancestors moved from the north to places in Fujian, Guangdong, etc.[13]
^"Volume 102: 劉聰載記". Book of Jin. 648. p. 2659. 曜於是害諸王公及百官已下三萬餘人
^Sims-Williams, N. (December 15, 1985). "ANCIENT LETTERS". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. II. Encyclopædia Iranica. pp. 7–9.
^Keramidas, Kimon. "SOGDIAN ANCIENT LETTER II". NYU. Telling the Sogdian Story: A Freer/Sackler Digital Exhibition Project.
^"The Sogdian Ancient Letters 1, 2, 3, and 5". Silk Road Seattle - University of Washington. translated by Prof. Nicholas Sims-Williams.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
^Norman, Jeremy. "Aurel Stein Discovers the Sogdian "Ancient Letters" 313 CE to 314 CE". History of Information.
^Sogdian Ancient Letter No. 3. Reproduced from Susan Whitfield (ed.), The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith (2004) p. 248.
^"Ancient Letters". THE SOGDIANS Influencers on the Silk Roads. Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution.
^Keramidas, Kimon. "SOGDIAN ANCIENT LETTER III: LETTER TO NANAIDHAT". NYU. Telling the Sogdian Story: A Freer/Sackler Digital Exhibition Project.
^"Sogdian letters". ringmar.net. History of International Relations. 5 March 2021.
^Vaissière, Étienne de la (2005). "CHAPTER TWO ABOUT THE ANCIENT LETTERS". Sogdian Traders: A History. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Section 8 Uralic & Central Asian Studies. Vol. 10. Brill. pp. 43–70. doi:10.1163/9789047406990_005. ISBN978-90-47-40699-0.
^Vaissière, Étienne de la (2005). "About the Ancient Letters". Sogdian Traders. Brill. pp. 43–70. doi:10.1163/9789047406990_005. ISBN9789047406990.
^Livšic, Vladimir A. (2009). "SOGDIAN "ANCIENT LETTERS" (II, IV, V)". In Orlov, Andrei; Lourie, Basil (eds.). Symbola Caelestis: Le symbolisme liturgique et paraliturgique dans le monde chrétien. Piscataway: Gorgias Press. p. 344-352. ISBN9781463222543.
^Zhenhe, Zhou; Lo, Kathy (1991). "Migrations in Chinese History and their Legacy on Chinese Dialects". Journal of Chinese Linguistics Monograph Series (3): 29–49. JSTOR 23827034.
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You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Chinese January 2021 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Chinese Wikipedia article at zh 永嘉之乱 see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated zh 永嘉之乱 to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation The Disaster of Yongjia simplified Chinese 永嘉之乱 traditional Chinese 永嘉之亂 refers to an event in Chinese history that occurred in 311 CE 5th year of the Yongjia era of the reign of Emperor Huai of Jin hence the name when forces of the Xiongnu led Han Zhao dynasty captured and sacked Luoyang the capital of the Western Jin dynasty After this victory Han Zhao s army committed a massacre of the city s inhabitants killing the Jin crown prince a host of ministers and over 30 000 1 civilians They also burnt down the palaces and dug up the Jin dynasty s mausoleums This was a pivotal event during the Upheaval of the Five Barbarians and the early Sixteen Kingdoms era and it played a major role in the fall of the Western Jin dynasty in 316 CE Map depicting the Upheaval of the Five BarbariansAurel Stein discovered 5 letters written in Sogdian known as the Ancient Letters in an abandoned watchtower near Dunhuang in 1907 One letter in the collection was written by the Sogdian Nanai vandak addressed to Sogdians back home in Samarkand informing them about a mass rebellion by Xiongnu Hun rebels against their Han Chinese rulers of the Western Jin dynasty He further informed his people that every single one of the diaspora Sogdians and Indians in the Chinese Western Jin capital Luoyang died of starvation due to the uprising The Han Chinese emperor abandoned Luoyang when it came under siege by the Xiongnu rebels and his palace was burned down Nanai vandak also said the city of Ye was no more as the Xiongnu rebellion resulted in disaster for the Sogdian diaspora in China 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The Disaster of Yongjia was a major impetus for the mass migration and expansion of Han people into southern China Many clan genealogies ascribe this event in particular as the reason why their ancestors moved from the north to places in Fujian Guangdong etc 13 See also editInvasion and rebellion of the Five BarbariansReferences edit Volume 102 劉聰載記 Book of Jin 648 p 2659 曜於是害諸王公及百官已下三萬餘人 Sims Williams N December 15 1985 ANCIENT LETTERS Encyclopaedia Iranica Vol II Encyclopaedia Iranica pp 7 9 Keramidas Kimon SOGDIAN ANCIENT LETTER II NYU Telling the Sogdian Story A Freer Sackler Digital Exhibition Project The Sogdian Ancient Letters 1 2 3 and 5 Silk Road Seattle University of Washington translated by Prof Nicholas Sims Williams a href Template Cite web html title Template Cite web cite web a CS1 maint others link Norman Jeremy Aurel Stein Discovers the Sogdian Ancient Letters 313 CE to 314 CE History of Information Sogdian Ancient Letter No 3 Reproduced from Susan Whitfield ed The Silk Road Trade Travel War and Faith 2004 p 248 Ancient Letters THE SOGDIANS Influencers on the Silk Roads Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M Sackler Gallery Smithsonian Institution Keramidas Kimon SOGDIAN ANCIENT LETTER III LETTER TO NANAIDHAT NYU Telling the Sogdian Story A Freer Sackler Digital Exhibition Project Sogdian letters ringmar net History of International Relations 5 March 2021 Vaissiere Etienne de la 2005 CHAPTER TWO ABOUT THE ANCIENT LETTERS Sogdian Traders A History Handbook of Oriental Studies Section 8 Uralic amp Central Asian Studies Vol 10 Brill pp 43 70 doi 10 1163 9789047406990 005 ISBN 978 90 47 40699 0 Vaissiere Etienne de la 2005 About the Ancient Letters Sogdian Traders Brill pp 43 70 doi 10 1163 9789047406990 005 ISBN 9789047406990 Livsic Vladimir A 2009 SOGDIAN ANCIENT LETTERS II IV V In Orlov Andrei Lourie Basil eds Symbola Caelestis Le symbolisme liturgique et paraliturgique dans le monde chretien Piscataway Gorgias Press p 344 352 ISBN 9781463222543 Zhenhe Zhou Lo Kathy 1991 Migrations in Chinese History and their Legacy on Chinese Dialects Journal of Chinese Linguistics Monograph Series 3 29 49 JSTOR 23827034 nbsp nbsp This article related to the history of China is a stub You can help Wikipedia by expanding it vte Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Disaster of Yongjia amp oldid 1182942764, 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