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Demographics of Australia

The population of Australia is estimated to be 26,977,200 as of 19 January 2024.[1] Australia is the 55th[2] most populous country in the world and the most populous Oceanian country. Its population is concentrated mainly in urban areas, particularly on the Eastern, South Eastern and Southern seaboards, and is expected to exceed 30 million by 2029.[3]

Demographics of Australia
Population pyramid of Australia in 2022
Population26,518,400 (as of June 2023)
Growth rate1.60% (2023 est.)
Birth rate12.3 births/1,000 population
Death rate6.77 deaths/1,000 population
Life expectancy83.09 years
 • male80.93 years
 • female85.36 years
Fertility rate1.63 children
Infant mortality rate3.01 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate6.93 migrant(s)/1,000 population
Sex ratio
Total0.99 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.05 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityAustralian
Major ethnicEnglish
Irish
Scottish
Han Chinese
Italians
Germans
Aboriginal Australians
Arabs[N 1]
Greeks
Dutch
Vietnamese
various others

Australia's population has grown from an estimated population of between 300,000 and 2,400,000 Indigenous Australians at the time of British colonisation in 1788 due to numerous waves of immigration during the period since. Also due to immigration, the European component's share of the population rose sharply in the late 18th and 19th centuries, but is now declining as a percentage.[4]

Australia has an average population density of 3.5 persons per square kilometre of total land area, which makes it one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world. This is generally attributed to the semi-arid and desert geography of much of the interior of the country. Another factor is urbanisation, with 89% of its population living in a handful of urban areas, Australia is one of the world's most urbanised countries.[5] The life expectancy of Australia in 2015–2017 was 83.2 years, among the highest in the world.[6]

Cities edit

Australia contains five cities (including their suburbs) that consist of over one million people. Most of Australia's population live close to coastlines.[7]

 
Largest populated areas in Australia
Rank Name State Pop. Rank Name State Pop.
1 Sydney NSW 5,259,764 11 Geelong Vic 289,400
2 Melbourne Vic 4,976,157 12 Hobart Tas 251,047
3 Brisbane Qld 2,568,927 13 Townsville Qld 181,665
4 Perth WA 2,192,229 14 Cairns Qld 155,638
5 Adelaide SA 1,402,393 15 Darwin NT 148,801
6 Gold CoastTweed Heads Qld/NSW 706,673 16 Toowoomba Qld 143,994
7 NewcastleMaitland NSW 509,894 17 Ballarat Vic 111,702
8 CanberraQueanbeyan ACT/NSW 482,250 18 Bendigo Vic 102,899
9 Sunshine Coast Qld 355,631 19 Albury-Wodonga NSW/Vic 97,676
10 Wollongong NSW 305,880 20 Launceston Tas 93,332

Ancestry edit

The earliest accepted timeline for the first arrivals of humans to the continent of Australia places this human migration to at least 65,000 years ago,[9] most probably from the islands of Indonesia and New Guinea.[10]

Captain James Cook claimed the east coast for Great Britain in 1770; the west coast was later settled by Britain also. At that time, the indigenous population was estimated to have been between 315,000 and 750,000,[11] divided into as many as 500 tribes speaking many different languages.

Between 1788 and the Second World War, the vast majority of settlers and immigrants came from the British Isles (principally England, Ireland and Scotland), although there was significant immigration from China and Germany during the 19th century. In the decades immediately following the Second World War, Australia received a large wave of immigration from across Europe, with many more immigrants arriving from Southern and Eastern Europe than in previous decades. Since the end of the White Australia policy in 1973, Australia has pursued an official policy of multiculturalism,[12] and there has been a large and continuing wave of immigration from across the world, with Asia being the largest source of immigrants in the 21st century.[13]

The Australian Bureau of Statistics no longer collects data on race, but does ask each Australian resident to nominate up to two ancestries each census.[14] These ancestry responses are classified into broad standardised ancestry groups.[15] In the 2021 census, the most commonly nominated individual ancestries as a proportion of the total population were:[16]

At the 2021 census, 3.2% of the Australian population identified as being IndigenousAboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders.[N 4][18] In 2020, 7.5% of births were Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander persons up from 5.7% in 2010; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander fertility rates have stayed above replacement levels even as the nation's has declined rapidly.[19]

Although the ABS does not collect data on race and ethnic background, various studies have put together results of the census to determine the ethnic composition of Australia, the Australian Human Rights Commission has estimated the European population at 76% of the Australian population,[20] while a media diversity study put it at 72%, the non-European proportion was 21% and 23% respectively, and the Aboriginal Australian population at 3% in both.[21]

Immigration minister Andrew Giles has pledged to incorporate a question on ethnicity into the 2026 Australian census.[22]

Immigration and country of birth edit

 
Australian and foreign born population pyramid in 2021

In 2019, 30% of the Australian resident population, or 7,529,570 people, were born overseas.[23]

Australia's population has quadrupled since the end of World War I,[24] much of this increase from immigration. Australia has the world's eighth-largest immigrant population, with immigrants accounting for 30% of the population, a higher proportion than in any other nation with a population of over 10 million.[23][25] Most immigrants are skilled,[26] but the immigration quota includes categories for family members and refugees.[26]

The following table shows Australia's population by country of birth as estimated by the Australian Bureau of Statistics in 2021. It shows only countries or regions or birth with a population of over 100,000 residing in Australia.

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics (2022)[27]
Place of birth Estimated resident population[A]
Total Australian-born 18,332,620
Total foreign-born 7,680,450
England[B] 961,370
India 753,520
China[C] 597,440
New Zealand 586,020
Philippines 320,300
Vietnam 281,810
South Africa 206,730
Malaysia 176,210
Italy 161,560
Nepal 151,140
Sri Lanka 145,430
Scotland[B] 125,030
United States 112,580
Hong Kong[C] 112,520
South Korea 108,810
Germany 104,710
Iraq 104,170
Pakistan 103,120
  1. ^ Only countries with 100,000 or more are listed here.
  2. ^ a b The Australian Bureau of Statistics source lists England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland separately although they are all part of the United Kingdom. These should not be combined as they are not combined in the source.
  3. ^ a b In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source, Mainland China, Taiwan and the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau are listed separately.


As of 2020, 29.8% of Australia's population was born overseas and 76% as of 2016 had European ancestry. The percentage of Australians with European backgrounds has been declining since the 1960s and 1970s, which is around the time the White Australia policy was abolished.

Religion edit

Religion in Australia as declared in the 2021 census[28]

  Christianity (43.9%)
  No religion (38.9%)
  Islam (3.2%)
  Hinduism (2.7%)
  Buddhism (2.4%)
  Sikhism (0.8%)
  Other religions (0.9%)
  Not stated or unclear (7.2%)

Australia has historically been a majority Christian, and Christian-influenced nation: the first census Australia held in 1901 had the Christian population at 96.1% of the population. In every census since 1991 this number has continued to drop, with it being under half of the population by the 2021 census.

At the 2021 Census, 38.9% of the population identified as having "no religion",[16] up from 15.5% in 2001.[29] The largest religion is Christianity (43.9% of the population).[16] The largest Christian denominations are the Roman Catholic Church (20% of the population) and the Anglican Church of Australia (9.8%). Multicultural immigration since the Second World War has led to the growth of non-Christian religions, the largest of which are Islam (3.2%), Hinduism (2.7%), Buddhism (2.4%), Sikhism (0.8%), and Judaism (0.4%).[16]

The Australian Bureau of Statistics 2001 Census Dictionary statement on religious affiliation states the purpose for gathering such information:

Data on religious affiliation are used for such purposes as planning educational facilities, aged persons' care and other social services provided by religion-based organisations; the location of church buildings; the assigning of chaplains to hospitals, prisons, armed services and universities; the allocation of time on public radio and other media; and sociological research.

Historically, Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology was the prevalent belief system in Australia until around 1840, when European Australians first outnumbered indigenous Australians. For a period, in the 19th and 20th centuries, Australia was majority Protestant with a large Catholic minority.[30][31] Catholics first outnumbered Anglicans in the 1986 census.[32] As a result of this history, while Australia has no official religion and "no religion" constitutes the largest group by religious identification, the various governments of Australia refer to the Christian God in their ceremonies, as do the various Australian Courts.[33]

As in many Western countries, the level of active participation in religious services is lower than would be indicated by the proportion of the population identifying themselves as affiliated with a religion; weekly attendance at Christian church services is about 1.5 million, or about 7.5% of the population.[34] Christian charitable organisations, hospitals and schools play a prominent role in welfare and education services. The Catholic education system is the second biggest sector after government schools, with more than 795,000 students (and around 20 per cent of all secondary school enrolments).[35]

Language edit

 
Percentage of people who speak the English language at home in 2016

The vast majority of Australians speak English at home, with the exception of Aboriginal Australians and first-generation immigrants. Although Australia has no official language, English has always been the de facto national language and the only common tongue.[36] Australian English is a major variety of the language, with a distinctive accent and lexicon,[37] and differs slightly from other varieties of English in grammar and spelling.[38] General Australian serves as the standard variety.

At the 2021 census English was the only language spoken in the homes of 72% of the population. The next most common languages spoken at home are Mandarin Chinese (2.7%), Arabic (1.4%), Vietnamese (1.3%), Cantonese (1.2%), and Punjabi (0.9%).[18] Considerable proportions of first- and second-generation immigrants are bilingual.

Over 250 Indigenous Australian languages are thought to have existed at the time of first European contact; fewer than 20 are still in daily use by all age groups.[39][40] About 110 others are spoken exclusively by older people.[40] At the time of the 2006 census, 52,000 Indigenous Australians, representing 12% of the Indigenous population, reported that they spoke an Indigenous language at home.[41]

Australia has its own sign language, Auslan. It is the main language of about 5,500 deaf people.[42]

Indigenous population edit

 
Indigenous Australians as a percentage of the population as of the 2011 census

The earliest accepted timeline for the first arrivals of indigenous Australians to the continent of Australia places this human migration to at least 40,000 years ago.[10]

Dutch navigators landed on the coasts of modern Western Australia and Queensland several times during the 17th century. Captain James Cook wrote that he claimed the east coast for Great Britain in 1770 while standing on Possession Island off the west coast of Cape York Peninsula. The west coast was later settled by Britain also. At that time, the indigenous population was estimated to have numbered between as few as 315,000 and as many as 1,100,000,[11][43] divided into many tribes speaking many different languages. In the 2011 census, 495,757 respondents declared they were Aboriginal, 31,407 declared they were Torres Strait Islander, and a further 21,206 declared they were both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders.[44]

Today, most of Australia's Indigenous population live on the east coast of Australia, where almost 60% of Indigenous Australians live in New South Wales (208,476) and Queensland (188,954) which roughly represents 2–5% of those state's populations. The Northern Territory has an Indigenous population of 61,115, which represents 26.3% of the total Northern Territory population.[45]

States and territories edit

State/territory Population
(June 2023 estimate)[46]
Land area Population density % of total

national

population

% of
population
living in capital
Notes
km² mi² per km² per mi²
  New South Wales 8,339,300 800,642 309,130 8.64 22 32% 63% [47]
  Victoria 6,812,500 227,416 87,806 23.54 61 26% 71% [48]
  Queensland 5,459,400 1,730,648 668,207 2.50 6 20% 46% [49]
  Western Australia 2,878,600 2,239,170 864,548 0.89 2 10% 73.4% [50]
  South Australia 1,851,700 983,482 379,725 1.62 4 7% 73.5% [51]
  Tasmania 572,800 68,401 26,410 7.24 19 2% 41% [52]
  Australian Capital Territory 466,800 2,358 910 151.49 392 2% 100% [53]
  Northern Territory 252,500 1,349,129 520,902 0.16 0.4 1% 54% [54]

Historical population edit

 
European Australians from 1947 to 1966 when racial data was collected in the country

Population estimates in the table below do not include the Aboriginal population before 1961. Estimates of Aboriginal population before European settlement range from 300,000 to one million, with archaeological finds indicating a sustainable maximum population of around 750,000.[55] Where available, actual population figures from census years are included.

Historic population (estimated)
Pre-1788
YearIndigenous population±%
pre 1788300,000 to 1,000,000—    
Source: [56]
Settlement – Federation
YearNon-indigenous population±% p.a.
1788 859—    
1798 4,588+18.24%
1808 10,263+8.38%
1818 25,859+9.68%
1828 58,197+8.45%
1838 151,868+10.07%
1848 332,328+8.15%
1858 1,050,828+12.20%
1868 1,539,552+3.89%
1878 2,092,164+3.11%
1888 2,981,677+3.61%
1898 3,664,715+2.08%
Source: [57]
Post-Federation
YearTotal population±%
1901 3,788,123—    
1906 4,059,083+7.2%
1911 4,489,545+10.6%
1916 4,943,173+10.1%
1921 5,455,136+10.4%
1926 6,056,360+11.0%
1931 6,526,485+7.8%
1936 6,778,372+3.9%
1941 7,109,898+4.9%
1946 7,465,157+5.0%
1951 8,421,775+12.8%
1956 9,425,563+11.9%
1961 10,548,267+11.9%
1966 11,599,498+10.0%
1971 13,067,265+12.7%
1976 14,033,083+7.4%
1981 14,923,260+6.3%
1986 16,018,350+7.3%
1991 17,284,036+7.9%
1996 18,224,767+5.4%
2001 18,769,249+3.0%
2006 19,855,288+5.8%
2011 21,507,717+8.3%
2016 23,401,892+8.8%
2021 25,417,978+8.6%
Note: Estimated populations prior to 1961 do not include the Indigenous population.
Source: [58][59][60][61][62]
 
Historical population of Australia

Total fertility rate from 1850 to 1899 edit

The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. Sources: Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation.[63]

The following figures show the total fertility rates since the first years of British colonisation.

Total fertility rate in Australia[63]
1850s
1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859
4.94 5.01 4.07 5.03 4.86 5.32 5.19 5.63 5.71 5.75
1860s
1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869
5.71 5.67 5.8 5.59 5.75 5.64 5.33 5.41 5.43 5.19
1870s
1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879
5.19 5.09 4.97 5.01 4.93 4.81 4.81 4.69 4.74 4.8
1880s
1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889
4.73 4.73 4.62 4.66 4.77 4.78 4.74 4.77 4.76 4.65
1890s
1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899
4.69 4.62 4.52 4.4 4.13 4.07 3.81 3.78 3.64 3.66

Crude birth rates from 1860 to 1899 edit

The crude birth rate is the total number of live births per 1,000 population in a year. Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics.[64]

Crude birth rate in Australia[64]
1860s
1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869
42.6 42.3 43.3 41.7 42.9 42.1 39.8 40.4 40.5 38.7
1870s
1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879
38.7 38.0 37.1 37.4 36.8 35.9 35.9 35.0 35.4 35.8
1880s
1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889
35.3 35.3 34.5 34.8 35.6 35.7 35.4 35.6 35.5 34.7
1890s
1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899
35.0 34.5 33.7 32.8 30.8 30.4 28.4 28.2 27.2 27.3

Historical distribution of the total population by age edit

Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics.[65][66][67][68]

Ages 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2007 2016
0–14 ​years 35.1 31.6 31.8 28.5 24.2 27.2 30.3 28.7 25.0 21.9 20.5 19.4 18.6
15–24 ​years 19.4 20.1 16.9 18.1 17.5 14.1 14.3 17.4 17.4 16.0 13.7 14.0 12.8
25–44 ​years 29.4 28.8 30.0 29.3 30.0 29.4 27.7 27.4 28.4 28.6 30.0 29.2 27.9
45–64 ​years 12.0 14.8 17.0 18.0 20.9 20.4 19.9 20.0 19.2 19.3 23.1 25.0 25.1
65 years ​and over 4.0 4.3 4.5 6.1 7.4 8.1 8.5 8.3 9.8 11.3 12.6 13.2 15.8
Total (%) 100 99.6 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

Historical median age of the population edit

Median age of the Australia population through history. Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics.[66][67][69][70]

Years 1901 1911 1921 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2015 2017
Median age of the total population 22.5 24.0 25.8 30.3 29.3 27.7 29.6 32.4 35.7 37.4 38.7
Median age of males 23.6 24.6 26.1 29.9 28.7 27.0 29.0 31.7 34.9 37.9
Median age of females 21.5 23.4 25.5 30.8 30.2 28.3 30.2 33.0 36.4 39.5

Vital statistics since 1900 edit

Source:[71]

Average population (June 1, form 2017 Dec 31) Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1,000) Crude death rate (per 1,000) Natural change (per 1,000) Crude migration change (per 1,000) Total fertility rates[A][63] Net overseas migration[72][73][74]
1900 3,715,000 102,221 44,060 58,161 27.3 11.8 15.5 3.66
1901 3,765,000 102,945 46,330 56,615 27.1 12.2 14.9 -1.6 3.64
1902 3,824,000 102,776 48,078 54,698 26.7 12.5 14.2 1.4 3.39
1903 3,875,000 98,443 47,293 51,150 25.3 12.1 13.2 12.0 3.58
1904 3,916,000 104,113 43,572 60,541 26.4 11.0 15.4 -4.9 3.54
1905 3,974,000 104,941 43,514 61,427 26.2 10.9 15.3 -0.6 3.51
1906 4,032,000 107,890 44,333 63,557 26.6 10.9 15.7 -1.2 3.35
1907 4,091,000 110,347 45,305 55,042 26.7 11.0 15.7 1.2 3.35
1908 4,161,000 111,545 46,426 55,119 26.6 11.1 15.5 3.9 3.35
1909 4,232,000 114,071 44,172 59,899 26.7 10.3 16.4 2.9 3.35
1910 4,323,000 116,801 45,590 61,211 26.7 10.4 16.3 7.3 3.35
1911 4,425,000 122,193 47,869 74,324 27.2 10.6 16.6 6.8 3.51
1912 4,573,000 133,088 52,177 80,911 28.6 11.2 17.4 15.8 3.51
1913 4,820,172 135,714 51,789 83,925 28.2 10.7 17.5 36.6 3.51
1914 4,893,000 137,983 51,720 86,263 28.0 10.5 17.5 -2.5 3.51
1915 4,971,000 134,871 52,782 82,089 27.1 10.6 16.5 -0.6 3.51
1916 4,969,000 131,426 54,197 77,219 26.6 11.0 15.6 -15.9 3.07
1917 4,917,000 129,965 48,029 81,936 26.3 9.7 16.6 -27.1 3.35
1918 4,982,000 125,739 50,249 75,490 25.0 10.0 15.0 -1.9 3.07
1919 5,080,000 122,290 65,930 56,360 23.6 12.7 10.9 8.6 3.07
1920 5,303,000 136,406 56,289 80,117 25.5 10.5 15.5 28.8 3.07
1921 5,411,000 136,198 54,076 82,122 24.9 9.9 15.0 5.2 3.12
1922 5,510,000 137,496 51,311 86,185 24.7 9.2 15.5 2.7 3.11
1923 5,637,000 135,222 56,236 78,986 23.7 9.9 13.8 9.0 3.02
1924 5,755,000 134,927 54,980 79,953 23.2 9.4 13.8 7.0 2.97
1925 5,882,000 135,792 54,658 81,134 22.9 9.2 13.7 8.3 2.95
1926 6,000,000 133,162 56,952 76,210 22.0 9.4 12.6 7.4 2.85
1927 6,124,000 133,698 58,282 75,716 21.6 9.4 12.2 8.3 2.80
1928 6,251,000 134,078 59,378 74,700 21.3 9.4 11.9 8.8 2.77
1929 6,355,000 129,480 60,857 68,623 20.2 9.5 10.7 5.8 2.64
1930 6,436,000 128,399 55,331 73,068 19.8 8.6 11.2 1.4 2.58
1931 6,500,000 118,509 56,560 61,949 18.2 8.7 9.5 0.4 2.36
1932 6,552,000 110,933 56,757 54,176 16.9 8.6 8.3 -0.3 2.19
1933 6,603,000 111,269 59,117 52,152 16.8 8.9 7.9 -0.1 2.17
1934 6,656,000 109,475 62,229 47,246 16.4 9.3 7.1 0.9 2.11
1935 6,707,000 111,325 63,599 47,726 16.5 9.4 7.1 0.5 2.12
1936 6,755,000 116,073 63,932 52,141 17.1 9.4 7.7 -0.6 2.18
1937 6,810,000 119,131 64,496 54,635 17.4 9.4 8.0 0.1 2.21
1938 6,871,000 120,415 66,451 53,964 17.4 9.6 7.8 1.1 2.21
1939 6,935,000 122,891 69,147 53,744 17.6 9.9 7.7 1.6 2.22
1940 7,004,000 126,347 68,384 57,963 17.9 9.7 8.2 1.7 2.26
1941 7,077,000 134,525 71,176 63,349 18.9 10.0 8.9 1.5 2.36
1942 7,143,000 136,708 75,191 61,517 19.1 10.5 8.6 0.7 2.38
1943 7,201,000 149,295 74,486 74,809 20.6 10.3 10.3 -2.3 2.57
1944 7,269,000 153,344 69,596 83,748 21.0 9.5 11.5 -2.1 2.63
1945 7,347,000 160,560 70,231 90,229 21.7 9.5 12.2 -1.6 2.74
1946 7,430,000 176,379 74,661 101,718 23.6 10.0 13.6 -2.4 2.99
1947 7,517,000 182,384 73,468 108,916 24.1 9.7 14.4 -2.8 3.08
1948 7,637,000 177,976 76,839 101,137 23.1 10.0 13.1 2.7 2.98
1949 7,792,000 181,261 75,260 106,001 22.9 9.5 13.4 6.7 2.99
1950 8,045,000 190,591 78,187 112,404 23.3 9.6 13.7 18.5 3.01
1951 8,307,000 193,298 81,788 111,510 23.0 9.7 13.3 31.2 3.06
1952 8,527,000 201,650 81,597 120,053 23.4 9.5 13.9 12.4 3.15
1953 8,739,000 202,235 80,188 122,047 22.9 9.1 13.8 10.9 3.23
1954 8,902,000 202,256 81,805 120,451 22.5 9.1 13.4 5.1 3.3
1955 9,089,000 207,677 82,036 125,641 22.6 8.9 13.7 7.2 3.35
1956 9,311,000 212,633 86,088 126,545 22.5 9.1 13.4 10.8 3.39
1957 9,530,000 220,358 84,953 135,405 22.9 8.8 14.1 9.3 3.41
1958 9,744,000 222,504 83,723 138,481 22.6 8.5 14.1 8.2 3.42
1959 9,947,000 226,976 89,212 137,765 22.6 8.9 13.7 7.0 3.41
1960 10,160,000 230,326 88,464 141,862 22.4 8.6 13.8 7.5 3.39
1961 10,391,000 239,986 88,961 151,025 22.8 8.5 14.3 8.2 3.35
1962 10,642,000 237,081 93,163 143,918 22.1 8.7 13.4 10.6 3.3
1963 10,846,000 235,689 94,894 140,795 21.5 8.7 12.8 6.2 3.24
1964 11,055,000 229,149 100,594 128,555 20.5 8.7 11.8 7.6 3.17
1965 11,280,000 222,854 99,715 123,139 19.6 8.8 10.8 9.4 2.97
1966 11,505,000 223,731 103,929 119,802 19.3 9.0 10.3 9.5 2.89
1967 11,704,000 229,796 102,703 127,093 19.4 8.7 10.7 6.4 2.85
1968 11,912,000 240,906 109,547 131,359 20.0 9.1 10.9 6.7 2.89
1969 12,145,000 250,175 106,496 143,681 20.4 8.7 11.7 7.7 2.93
1970 12,407,000 257,516 113,048 144,468 20.5 9.0 10.5 9.9 2.94
1971 12,663,000 276,361 110,650 165,711 21.5 8.6 12.9 7.5 2.98
1972 13,067,000 271,960 110,191 161,769 20.6 8.4 12.2 19.5 2.74
1973 13,303,000 255,848 111,336 144,512 19.1 8.3 10.8 7.2 2.49
1974 13,504,000 243,658 110,179 133,479 17.9 8.1 9.8 5.2 2.32
1975 [75] 13,771,400 239,794 114,501 125,293 17.4 8.3 9.1 10.7 2.15
1976 13,915,500 231,135 110,610 120,525 16.6 7.9 8.7 1.8 2.06
1977 14,074,100 226,954 111,490 115,464 16.1 7.9 8.2 3.2 2.01
1978 14,248,600 226,359 108,059 118,300 15.9 7.6 8.3 4.1 1.95
1979 14,521,700 223,370 108,315 115,055 15.5 7.5 8.0 11.2 1.91
1980 14,695,400 223,664 106,654 117,010 15.3 7.3 8.0 4.0 1.89
1981 14,923,300 230,920 109,429 121,491 15.6 7.4 8.2 7.4 1.94
1982 15,178,400 237,076 110,990 116,086 15.7 7.4 8.3 9.4 1.93 128,100
1983 15,393,500 241,764 112,918 128,846 15.8 7.4 8.4 5.8 1.92 73,300
1984 15,579,400 240,544 110,887 129,657 15.5 7.2 8.3 3.8 1.84 49,100
1985 15,788,300 241,814 114,197 127,617 15.4 7.3 8.1 5.3 1.92 73,800
1986 16,018,400 239,115 116,069 123,046 15.0 7.3 7.7 6.9 1.87 100,500
1987 16,263,900 242,977 116,139 126,838 15.0 7.2 7.8 7.5 1.85 125,800
1988 16,532,200 246,200 120,463 125,737 15.0 7.3 7.7 8.9 1.83 149,400
1989 16,814,400 250,155 118,767 131,388 15.1 7.1 8.0 9.3 1.84 157,500
1990 17,065,100 257,521 125,112 132,409 15.3 7.4 7.9 7.2 1.90 124,700
1991 17,284,000 261,158 119,572 141,586 15.2 7.0 8.2 4.6 1.85 86,500
1992 17,494,700 259,200 120,836 138,800 14.9 6.9 8.0 4.3 1.89 68,600
1993 17,667,100 259,959 121,338 138,621 14.8 6.9 7.9 2.9 1.86 30,100
1994 17,854,700 258,314 123,496 134,818 14.5 7.0 7.5 3.1 1.84 46,600
1995 18,071,800 258,210 126,232 131,978 14.4 7.0 7.4 4.9 1.82 80,200
1996 18,310,700 250,438 126,400 124,038 13.8 6.9 6.9 6.4 1.80 104,000
1997 18,517,600 253,660 127,298 126,362 13.7 6.9 6.8 4.5 1.78 87,200
1998 18,711,300 249,105 129,255 119,850 13.4 6.9 6.5 4.1 1.75 79,100
1999 18,925,900 249,965 128,278 121,487 13.3 6.8 6.5 5.0 1.75 96,500
2000 19,153,400 249,310 128,392 120,918 13.1 6.7 6.4 5.7 1.75 107,200
2001 19,413,200 247,500 128,913 118,587 12.8 6.7 6.1 7.5 1.73 135,700
2002 19,654,900 247,400 130,300 117,200 12.9 6.9 6.0 6.5 1.77 110,600
2003 19,902,700 247,400 132,239 115,200 12.5 6.7 5.8 6.8 1.75 116,500
2004 20,139,800 252,100 133,231 115,851 12.4 6.7 5.7 6.2 1.76 100,000
2005 20,409,100 255,800 131,354 124,580 12.6 6.5 6.1 7.3 1.79 123,800
2006 20,697,900 263,500 134,000 129,500 12.8 6.5 6.3 7.9 1.82 146,700
2007 21,015,900 277,700 136,000 141,700 13.2 6.4 6.8 8.6 1.87 232,700
2008 21,384,400 289,500 140,800 148,700 14.4 6.8 7.6 10.6 2.02 277,400
2009 21,778,800 297,100 143,700 153,400 13.9 6.6 7.3 11.4 1.90 299,800
2010 22,031,900 304,200 141,500 162,600 13.4 6.4 7.0 4.2 1.89 172,038
2011 22,340,000 301,200 145,400 155,800 13.5 6.6 6.9 7.0 1.92 205,679
2012 22,733,500 306,000 147,200 158,800 13.6 6.5 7.1 10.6 1.91 241,151
2013 23,128,100 311,100 149,200 161,900 13.3 6.4 6.9 10.4 1.88 235,797
2014 23,475,700 307,000 150,000 157,000 12.8 6.5 6.3 8.3 1.8 179,000
2015 23,816,000 307,700 155,900 151,800 12.8 6.7 6.1 8.1 1.81 181,000
2016[76] 24,385,600 311,800 157,400 154,400 12.9 6.5 6.4 10.2 1.789 243,800
2017 24,770,700[77] 308,500 160,300 148,200 12.7 6.6 6.1 9.7 1.741 241,700
2018 25,180,200[78] 314,900[79] 158,500 156,400 12.7 6.4 6.3 10.2 1.740 248,400
2019 25,522,169 305,800 166,700 139,100 12.1 6.6 5.5 8.1 1.657 210,700
2020 25,694,400 294,400 161,400 133,000 11.5 6.3 5.2 1.5 1.581 3,300
2021 25,766,605(C) 309,996 171,469 138,527 12.1 6.7 5.4 -2.6 1.70 -3,600
2022 26,268,359 300,684 190,745 109,800 11.6 7.3 4.3 15.2 1.63 387,000

Current vital statistics edit

Period Live births Deaths Natural increase
January - June 2022 153,100 93,700 +59,500
January - June 2023 146,000 91,700 +54,400
Difference   -7,100 (-4.64%)   -2,000 (-2.13%)   -5,100

[1]

In 2012, the total fertility rate of Australian-born women was 1.94, while for overseas-born women, it was 1.81,[80] while in 2013, it was 1.91 and 1.79 respectively.[81] In 2017, TFR was 1.68 for overseas women (overseas father 1.73) and 1.78 for native women (native father 1.69).

Structure of the population edit

Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 09.VIII.2016) (These data have been randomly rounded to protect confidentiality. Individual figures may not add up to totals, and values for the same data may vary in different tables.): [82]
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 11 546 638 11 855 248 23 401 892 100
0–4 752 142 712 638 1 464 779 6.26
5–9 771 055 731 592 1 502 646 6.42
10–14 717 629 679 553 1 397 183 5.97
15–19 727 677 693 915 1 421 595 6.07
20–24 795 423 771 369 1 566 793 6.70
25–29 824 084 840 525 1 664 602 7.11
30–34 839 821 864 026 1 703 847 7.28
35–39 773 132 788 548 1 561 679 6.67
40–44 777 702 805 551 1 583 257 6.77
45–49 773 170 808 282 1 581 455 6.76
50–54 748 954 774 601 1 523 551 6.51
55–59 709 115 745 214 1 454 332 6.21
60–64 632 357 667 048 1 299 397 5.55
65-69 581 230 607 766 1 188 999 5.08
70-74 431 325 456 390 887 716 3.79
75-79 307 441 345 217 652 657 2.79
80-84 204 026 256 529 460 549 1.97
85-89 123 502 185 463 308 960 1.32
90-94 46 828 93 570 140 398 0.60
95-99 9 244 24 672 33 920 0.14
100+ 777 2 788 3 569 0.02
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 2 240 826 2 123 783 4 364 609 18.65
15–64 7 601 439 7 759 070 15 360 509 65.64
65+ 1 704 373 1 972 395 3 676 768 15.71

Life expectancy at birth from 1921 to 2015 edit

 
Life expectancy in Australia since 1885

Sources: Our World In Data and the United Nations.

1921–1949
1920s
1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929
61.0 62.9 61.7 62.5 63.2 62.9 62.8 62.9 63.1
1930s
1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939
64.9 65.3 65.6 65.4 64.8 65.1 65.2 65.8 65.8 65.8
1940s
1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949
66.2 66.1 65.9 66.4 68.0 68.5 68.0 68.6 68.5 69.1

Source: Our World in Data[83]

 
Life expectancy in Australia since 1960 by gender
1950–2015
Period Life expectancy in
Years
Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 69.4 1985–1990 76.2
1955–1960 70.4 1990–1995 77.7
1960–1965 70.9 1995–2000 78.8
1965–1970 70.8 2000–2005 80.3
1970–1975 71.8 2005–2010 81.5
1975–1980 73.6 2010–2015 82.3
1980–1985 75.1

Source: UN World Population Prospects[84]

Other general demographic statistics edit

As of March 2023, the population growth rate was 1.6%.[85] This rate was based on estimates of (April 2019):[1]

  • one birth every 1 minute and 42 seconds,
  • one death every 2 minutes and 52 seconds,
  • one migrant person arriving to live in Australia every 42 seconds,
  • one Australian resident leaving Australia to live overseas every 2 minutes and 30 seconds, leading to
  • an overall total population increase of one person every 48 seconds.

Much of the data that follows has been derived from the CIA World Factbook[74] and the Australian Bureau of Statistics, through censuses.

Population edit

 
Estimated resident population of Australia since 1981

The following figures are ABS estimates for the resident population of Australia, based on the 2001 and 2006 Censuses and other data.

26,977,200 (as of 19 January 2024)[1]
23,470,145 (July 2018 est.)
23,232,413 (July 2017 est.)
21,262,641 (July 2009 – CIA World Factbook)
 
Population pyramid of Australia from 1950 to 2020

Age structure edit

 
Australian babies: 0 year olds as a fraction of total persons, in Australia, according to the 2011 census results.
 
Australian babies: 0–4 year olds as a fraction of total persons, in Australia, according to the 2011 census results
0–14 years: 17.75% (male 2,138,080 /female 2,027,583)
15–24 years: 12.62% (male 1,520,528 /female 1,442,461)
25–54 years: 41.35% (male 4,944,587 /female 4,760,752)
55–64 years: 11.84% (male 1,379,681 /female 1,398,177)
65 years and over: 16.44% (male 1,786,595 /female 2,071,701) (2018 est.)
0–14 years: 17.8% (male 2,122,139/female 2,012,670)
15–24 years: 12.79% (male 1,524,368/female 1,446,663)
25–54 years: 41.45% (male 4,903,130/female 4,725,976)
55–64 years: 11.83% (male 1,363,331/female 1,384,036)
65 years and over: 16.14% (male 1,736,951/female 2,013,149) (2017 est.)

Median age edit

 
Map of the median age of Australians by Statistical Local Area in the 2011 census
total: 38.8 years. Country comparison to the world: 58th
male: 38.1 years
female: 39.7 years (2018 est.)
Total: 36.9 years[86]
Male: 36.6 years
Female: 38.1 years (2009 est.)

Birth rate edit

12 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 165th
12.1 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)
12.47 births/1,000 population (2009 est.) (Rank 164)

Death rate edit

7.3 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 118th
6.68 deaths/1,000 population (2009 est.) (Rank 146)

Total fertility rate edit

1.77 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 155th

Net migration rate edit

5.4 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 22nd
5.5 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) (Rank 21)
6.23 migrant(s)/1,000 population. (2009 est.) (Rank 15)

Population growth rate edit

1.6% (2023 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth edit

28.7 years (2014 est.)

Life expectancy at birth edit

total population: 82.4 years (2018 estimate)
male: 79.9 years (2018 estimate)
female: 85 years (2018 estimate)

At the time of Australian Federation in 1901, the rate of natural increase was 14.9 persons per 1,000 population. The rate increased to a peak of 17.4 per thousand population in the years 1912, 1913 and 1914. During the Great Depression, the rate declined to a low of 7.1 per thousand population in 1934 and 1935. Immediately after World War II, the rate increased sharply as a result of the start of the post–World War II baby boom and the immigration of many young people who then had children in Australia. A rate plateau of over 13.0 persons per 1,000 population occurred for every year from 1946 to 1962.

There has been a fall in the rate of natural increase since 1962 due to falling fertility. In 1971, the rate of natural increase was 12.7 persons per 1,000 population; a decade later it had fallen to 8.5. In 1996 the rate of natural increase fell below seven for the first time, with the downward trend continuing in the late 1990s. Population projections by the Australian Bureau of Statistics indicate that continued low fertility, combined with the increase in deaths from an ageing population, will result in natural increase falling below zero sometime in the mid-2030s. However, in 2006 the fertility rate rose to 1.81, one of the highest rates in the OECD.

Since 1901, the crude death rate has fallen from about 12.2 deaths per 1,000 population, to 6.4 deaths per 1,000 population in 2006.[87]

Urbanisation edit

urban population: 86% of total population (2018)
rate of urbanisation: 1.43% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)
Urbanisation population: 89% of total population (2008)
Rate of urbanisation: 1.2% annual rate of change (2005–2010)

Sex ratio edit

Birth: 1.06 males/female
Under 15 years: 1.05 males/female
15–64 years: 1.03 males/female
65 years and over: 0.84 male/female
Total population: 1 male/female (2009)

Dependency ratios edit

total dependency ratio: 51.1
youth dependency ratio: 28.5
elderly dependency ratio: 22.6
potential support ratio: 4.4 (2015 est.)

HIV/AIDS edit

Adult prevalence rate: 0.1% (2017 est.)
People living with HIV/AIDS: 26,000 (2017 est.)
Deaths: fewer than 200 (2017 est.)[88]

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education) edit

total: 23 years
male: 23 years
female: 23 years (2016)

Unemployment, youth ages 15–24 edit

total: 12.6%. Country comparison to the world: 105th
male: 13.7%
female: 11.5% (2017 est.)

Incarceration and punishment edit

In March 2019, 43,320 adults were imprisoned in Australia – an incarceration rate of 221 prisoners per 100,000 adult population[89] or 169 per 100,000 total population.[90] Additionally, 75,544 people were in community corrections (various non-custodial punishments such as parole, bail, probation and community service).[91]

In June 2018, about 980 minors were imprisoned in Australia on an average night.[92]

Literacy edit

Definition: aged 15 years and over can read and write
Total population: 99%
Male: 99%
Female: 99% (2003 est.)

Education expenditure edit

4.9% of GDP (2013)
country comparison to the world: 55

Population density edit

As of June 2016, the population density of Australia was reported as 3.1/km2 (8.0/sq mi).[93] This makes Australia the 3rd least densely populated country in the world, after Namibia and Mongolia.[94]

See also edit

Notes edit

  1. ^ In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and has been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population and the result is that the population decreases.
  1. ^ Including Arab national groups such as Lebanese, Egyptians, Iraqis, Sudanese, Palestinians, Jordanians, Moroccans, Algerians, Saudis, Yemenis, Libyans, Tunisians, Kuwaitis, Omanis, Bahrainis, Emiratis and Qataris. At the 2021 census, separate ancestry groups are specified for groups living as minorities in Arab countries, such as Kurds, Berbers, Turks, Mandaeans, Copts, Assyrians and Chaldeans.
  2. ^ The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate "Australian" as their ancestry have at least partial Anglo-Celtic ancestry.[17]
  3. ^ Those who nominated their ancestry as "Australian Aboriginal". Does not include Torres Strait Islanders. This relates to nomination of ancestry and is distinct from persons who identify as Indigenous (Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander) which is a separate question.
  4. ^ Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any ancestry.

References edit

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Sources edit

General references
  •   This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook (2024 ed.). CIA. (Archived 2006 edition)

Further reading edit

  • Jupp, James. The Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, its People and their Origins (2002)
  • O'Farrell, Patrick. The Irish in Australia: 1798 to the Present Day (3rd ed. Cork University Press, 2001)
  • Wells, Andrew, and Theresa Martinez, eds. Australia's Diverse Peoples: A Reference Sourcebook (ABC-CLIO, 2004)

External links edit

  • Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Year Book Australia, 2009–10
  • Build Australian population graph 1960 – 2013 (World Bank data)
  • Build Australian population projection graph till 2100 (United Nation data)
  • Build Australian life expectancy at birth graph 1950 – 2013 (United Nation data)
  • Australia's population clock

demographics, australia, population, australia, estimated, january, 2024, australia, 55th, most, populous, country, world, most, populous, oceanian, country, population, concentrated, mainly, urban, areas, particularly, eastern, south, eastern, southern, seabo. The population of Australia is estimated to be 26 977 200 as of 19 January 2024 1 Australia is the 55th 2 most populous country in the world and the most populous Oceanian country Its population is concentrated mainly in urban areas particularly on the Eastern South Eastern and Southern seaboards and is expected to exceed 30 million by 2029 3 Demographics of AustraliaPopulation pyramid of Australia in 2022Population26 518 400 as of June 2023 Growth rate1 60 2023 est Birth rate12 3 births 1 000 populationDeath rate6 77 deaths 1 000 populationLife expectancy83 09 years male80 93 years female85 36 yearsFertility rate1 63 childrenInfant mortality rate3 01 deaths 1 000 live birthsNet migration rate6 93 migrant s 1 000 populationSex ratioTotal0 99 male s female 2022 est At birth1 05 male s femaleNationalityNationalityAustralianMajor ethnicEnglishIrishScottishHan ChineseItaliansGermansAboriginal AustraliansArabs N 1 GreeksDutchVietnamesevarious othersAustralia s population has grown from an estimated population of between 300 000 and 2 400 000 Indigenous Australians at the time of British colonisation in 1788 due to numerous waves of immigration during the period since Also due to immigration the European component s share of the population rose sharply in the late 18th and 19th centuries but is now declining as a percentage 4 Australia has an average population density of 3 5 persons per square kilometre of total land area which makes it one of the most sparsely populated countries in the world This is generally attributed to the semi arid and desert geography of much of the interior of the country Another factor is urbanisation with 89 of its population living in a handful of urban areas Australia is one of the world s most urbanised countries 5 The life expectancy of Australia in 2015 2017 was 83 2 years among the highest in the world 6 Contents 1 Cities 2 Ancestry 3 Immigration and country of birth 4 Religion 5 Language 6 Indigenous population 7 States and territories 8 Historical population 8 1 Total fertility rate from 1850 to 1899 8 2 Crude birth rates from 1860 to 1899 8 3 Historical distribution of the total population by age 8 4 Historical median age of the population 8 5 Vital statistics since 1900 8 6 Current vital statistics 8 7 Structure of the population 8 8 Life expectancy at birth from 1921 to 2015 9 Other general demographic statistics 9 1 Population 9 2 Age structure 9 3 Median age 9 4 Birth rate 9 5 Death rate 9 6 Total fertility rate 9 7 Net migration rate 9 8 Population growth rate 9 9 Mother s mean age at first birth 9 10 Life expectancy at birth 9 11 Urbanisation 9 12 Sex ratio 9 13 Dependency ratios 9 14 HIV AIDS 9 15 School life expectancy primary to tertiary education 9 16 Unemployment youth ages 15 24 9 17 Incarceration and punishment 9 18 Literacy 9 19 Education expenditure 9 20 Population density 10 See also 11 Notes 12 References 12 1 Citations 12 2 Sources 13 Further reading 14 External linksCities editMain articles List of cities in Australia by population and List of cities in Australia Australia contains five cities including their suburbs that consist of over one million people Most of Australia s population live close to coastlines 7 vte Largest populated areas in Australia 2021 data from Australian Bureau of Statistics 8 Rank Name State Pop Rank Name State Pop 1 Sydney NSW 5 259 764 11 Geelong Vic 289 4002 Melbourne Vic 4 976 157 12 Hobart Tas 251 0473 Brisbane Qld 2 568 927 13 Townsville Qld 181 6654 Perth WA 2 192 229 14 Cairns Qld 155 6385 Adelaide SA 1 402 393 15 Darwin NT 148 8016 Gold Coast Tweed Heads Qld NSW 706 673 16 Toowoomba Qld 143 9947 Newcastle Maitland NSW 509 894 17 Ballarat Vic 111 7028 Canberra Queanbeyan ACT NSW 482 250 18 Bendigo Vic 102 8999 Sunshine Coast Qld 355 631 19 Albury Wodonga NSW Vic 97 67610 Wollongong NSW 305 880 20 Launceston Tas 93 332Ancestry editMain article Australians The earliest accepted timeline for the first arrivals of humans to the continent of Australia places this human migration to at least 65 000 years ago 9 most probably from the islands of Indonesia and New Guinea 10 Captain James Cook claimed the east coast for Great Britain in 1770 the west coast was later settled by Britain also At that time the indigenous population was estimated to have been between 315 000 and 750 000 11 divided into as many as 500 tribes speaking many different languages Between 1788 and the Second World War the vast majority of settlers and immigrants came from the British Isles principally England Ireland and Scotland although there was significant immigration from China and Germany during the 19th century In the decades immediately following the Second World War Australia received a large wave of immigration from across Europe with many more immigrants arriving from Southern and Eastern Europe than in previous decades Since the end of the White Australia policy in 1973 Australia has pursued an official policy of multiculturalism 12 and there has been a large and continuing wave of immigration from across the world with Asia being the largest source of immigrants in the 21st century 13 The Australian Bureau of Statistics no longer collects data on race but does ask each Australian resident to nominate up to two ancestries each census 14 These ancestry responses are classified into broad standardised ancestry groups 15 In the 2021 census the most commonly nominated individual ancestries as a proportion of the total population were 16 English 33 Australian 29 9 N 2 Irish 9 5 Scottish 8 6 Chinese 5 5 Italian 4 4 German 4 Indian 3 1 Aboriginal 2 9 N 3 Greek 1 7 Filipino 1 6 Dutch 1 5 Vietnamese 1 3 Lebanese 1 Polish 0 8 At the 2021 census 3 2 of the Australian population identified as being Indigenous Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders N 4 18 In 2020 7 5 of births were Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander persons up from 5 7 in 2010 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander fertility rates have stayed above replacement levels even as the nation s has declined rapidly 19 Although the ABS does not collect data on race and ethnic background various studies have put together results of the census to determine the ethnic composition of Australia the Australian Human Rights Commission has estimated the European population at 76 of the Australian population 20 while a media diversity study put it at 72 the non European proportion was 21 and 23 respectively and the Aboriginal Australian population at 3 in both 21 Immigration minister Andrew Giles has pledged to incorporate a question on ethnicity into the 2026 Australian census 22 Immigration and country of birth editMain articles Immigration to Australia and Foreign born population of Australia nbsp Australian and foreign born population pyramid in 2021In 2019 30 of the Australian resident population or 7 529 570 people were born overseas 23 Australia s population has quadrupled since the end of World War I 24 much of this increase from immigration Australia has the world s eighth largest immigrant population with immigrants accounting for 30 of the population a higher proportion than in any other nation with a population of over 10 million 23 25 Most immigrants are skilled 26 but the immigration quota includes categories for family members and refugees 26 The following table shows Australia s population by country of birth as estimated by the Australian Bureau of Statistics in 2021 It shows only countries or regions or birth with a population of over 100 000 residing in Australia Source Australian Bureau of Statistics 2022 27 Place of birth Estimated resident population A Total Australian born 18 332 620Total foreign born 7 680 450England B 961 370India 753 520China C 597 440New Zealand 586 020Philippines 320 300Vietnam 281 810South Africa 206 730Malaysia 176 210Italy 161 560Nepal 151 140Sri Lanka 145 430Scotland B 125 030United States 112 580Hong Kong C 112 520South Korea 108 810Germany 104 710Iraq 104 170Pakistan 103 120 Only countries with 100 000 or more are listed here a b The Australian Bureau of Statistics source lists England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland separately although they are all part of the United Kingdom These should not be combined as they are not combined in the source a b In accordance with the Australian Bureau of Statistics source Mainland China Taiwan and the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau are listed separately As of 2020 29 8 of Australia s population was born overseas and 76 as of 2016 had European ancestry The percentage of Australians with European backgrounds has been declining since the 1960s and 1970s which is around the time the White Australia policy was abolished Religion editReligion in Australia as declared in the 2021 census 28 Christianity 43 9 No religion 38 9 Islam 3 2 Hinduism 2 7 Buddhism 2 4 Sikhism 0 8 Other religions 0 9 Not stated or unclear 7 2 Australia has historically been a majority Christian and Christian influenced nation the first census Australia held in 1901 had the Christian population at 96 1 of the population In every census since 1991 this number has continued to drop with it being under half of the population by the 2021 census At the 2021 Census 38 9 of the population identified as having no religion 16 up from 15 5 in 2001 29 The largest religion is Christianity 43 9 of the population 16 The largest Christian denominations are the Roman Catholic Church 20 of the population and the Anglican Church of Australia 9 8 Multicultural immigration since the Second World War has led to the growth of non Christian religions the largest of which are Islam 3 2 Hinduism 2 7 Buddhism 2 4 Sikhism 0 8 and Judaism 0 4 16 The Australian Bureau of Statistics 2001 Census Dictionary statement on religious affiliation states the purpose for gathering such information Data on religious affiliation are used for such purposes as planning educational facilities aged persons care and other social services provided by religion based organisations the location of church buildings the assigning of chaplains to hospitals prisons armed services and universities the allocation of time on public radio and other media and sociological research Historically Australian Aboriginal religion and mythology was the prevalent belief system in Australia until around 1840 when European Australians first outnumbered indigenous Australians For a period in the 19th and 20th centuries Australia was majority Protestant with a large Catholic minority 30 31 Catholics first outnumbered Anglicans in the 1986 census 32 As a result of this history while Australia has no official religion and no religion constitutes the largest group by religious identification the various governments of Australia refer to the Christian God in their ceremonies as do the various Australian Courts 33 As in many Western countries the level of active participation in religious services is lower than would be indicated by the proportion of the population identifying themselves as affiliated with a religion weekly attendance at Christian church services is about 1 5 million or about 7 5 of the population 34 Christian charitable organisations hospitals and schools play a prominent role in welfare and education services The Catholic education system is the second biggest sector after government schools with more than 795 000 students and around 20 per cent of all secondary school enrolments 35 Language edit nbsp Percentage of people who speak the English language at home in 2016The vast majority of Australians speak English at home with the exception of Aboriginal Australians and first generation immigrants Although Australia has no official language English has always been the de facto national language and the only common tongue 36 Australian English is a major variety of the language with a distinctive accent and lexicon 37 and differs slightly from other varieties of English in grammar and spelling 38 General Australian serves as the standard variety At the 2021 census English was the only language spoken in the homes of 72 of the population The next most common languages spoken at home are Mandarin Chinese 2 7 Arabic 1 4 Vietnamese 1 3 Cantonese 1 2 and Punjabi 0 9 18 Considerable proportions of first and second generation immigrants are bilingual Over 250 Indigenous Australian languages are thought to have existed at the time of first European contact fewer than 20 are still in daily use by all age groups 39 40 About 110 others are spoken exclusively by older people 40 At the time of the 2006 census 52 000 Indigenous Australians representing 12 of the Indigenous population reported that they spoke an Indigenous language at home 41 Australia has its own sign language Auslan It is the main language of about 5 500 deaf people 42 Indigenous population edit nbsp Indigenous Australians as a percentage of the population as of the 2011 censusMain article Indigenous Australians The earliest accepted timeline for the first arrivals of indigenous Australians to the continent of Australia places this human migration to at least 40 000 years ago 10 Dutch navigators landed on the coasts of modern Western Australia and Queensland several times during the 17th century Captain James Cook wrote that he claimed the east coast for Great Britain in 1770 while standing on Possession Island off the west coast of Cape York Peninsula The west coast was later settled by Britain also At that time the indigenous population was estimated to have numbered between as few as 315 000 and as many as 1 100 000 11 43 divided into many tribes speaking many different languages In the 2011 census 495 757 respondents declared they were Aboriginal 31 407 declared they were Torres Strait Islander and a further 21 206 declared they were both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders 44 Today most of Australia s Indigenous population live on the east coast of Australia where almost 60 of Indigenous Australians live in New South Wales 208 476 and Queensland 188 954 which roughly represents 2 5 of those state s populations The Northern Territory has an Indigenous population of 61 115 which represents 26 3 of the total Northern Territory population 45 States and territories editSee also States and territories of Australia State territory Population June 2023 estimate 46 Land area Population density of total nationalpopulation ofpopulationliving in capital Noteskm mi per km per mi nbsp New South Wales 8 339 300 800 642 309 130 8 64 22 32 63 47 nbsp Victoria 6 812 500 227 416 87 806 23 54 61 26 71 48 nbsp Queensland 5 459 400 1 730 648 668 207 2 50 6 20 46 49 nbsp Western Australia 2 878 600 2 239 170 864 548 0 89 2 10 73 4 50 nbsp South Australia 1 851 700 983 482 379 725 1 62 4 7 73 5 51 nbsp Tasmania 572 800 68 401 26 410 7 24 19 2 41 52 nbsp Australian Capital Territory 466 800 2 358 910 151 49 392 2 100 53 nbsp Northern Territory 252 500 1 349 129 520 902 0 16 0 4 1 54 54 Historical population edit nbsp European Australians from 1947 to 1966 when racial data was collected in the countryPopulation estimates in the table below do not include the Aboriginal population before 1961 Estimates of Aboriginal population before European settlement range from 300 000 to one million with archaeological finds indicating a sustainable maximum population of around 750 000 55 Where available actual population figures from census years are included Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki org Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki org Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki org Historic population estimated Pre 1788YearIndigenous population pre 1788300 000 to 1 000 000 Source 56 Settlement FederationYearNon indigenous population p a 1788859 17984 588 18 24 180810 263 8 38 181825 859 9 68 182858 197 8 45 1838151 868 10 07 1848332 328 8 15 18581 050 828 12 20 18681 539 552 3 89 18782 092 164 3 11 18882 981 677 3 61 18983 664 715 2 08 Source 57 Post FederationYearTotal population 19013 788 123 19064 059 083 7 2 19114 489 545 10 6 19164 943 173 10 1 19215 455 136 10 4 19266 056 360 11 0 19316 526 485 7 8 19366 778 372 3 9 19417 109 898 4 9 19467 465 157 5 0 19518 421 775 12 8 19569 425 563 11 9 196110 548 267 11 9 196611 599 498 10 0 197113 067 265 12 7 197614 033 083 7 4 198114 923 260 6 3 198616 018 350 7 3 199117 284 036 7 9 199618 224 767 5 4 200118 769 249 3 0 200619 855 288 5 8 201121 507 717 8 3 201623 401 892 8 8 202125 417 978 8 6 Note Estimated populations prior to 1961 do not include the Indigenous population Source 58 59 60 61 62 nbsp Historical population of AustraliaTotal fertility rate from 1850 to 1899 edit The total fertility rate is the number of children born per woman It is based on fairly good data for the entire period Sources Our World In Data and Gapminder Foundation 63 The following figures show the total fertility rates since the first years of British colonisation Total fertility rate in Australia 63 1850s 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 18594 94 5 01 4 07 5 03 4 86 5 32 5 19 5 63 5 71 5 751860s 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 18695 71 5 67 5 8 5 59 5 75 5 64 5 33 5 41 5 43 5 191870s 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 18795 19 5 09 4 97 5 01 4 93 4 81 4 81 4 69 4 74 4 81880s 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 18894 73 4 73 4 62 4 66 4 77 4 78 4 74 4 77 4 76 4 651890s 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 18994 69 4 62 4 52 4 4 4 13 4 07 3 81 3 78 3 64 3 66Crude birth rates from 1860 to 1899 edit The crude birth rate is the total number of live births per 1 000 population in a year Source Australian Bureau of Statistics 64 Crude birth rate in Australia 64 1860s 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 186942 6 42 3 43 3 41 7 42 9 42 1 39 8 40 4 40 5 38 71870s 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 187938 7 38 0 37 1 37 4 36 8 35 9 35 9 35 0 35 4 35 81880s 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 188935 3 35 3 34 5 34 8 35 6 35 7 35 4 35 6 35 5 34 71890s 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 189935 0 34 5 33 7 32 8 30 8 30 4 28 4 28 2 27 2 27 3Historical distribution of the total population by age edit Source Australian Bureau of Statistics 65 66 67 68 Ages 1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2007 20160 14 wbr years 35 1 31 6 31 8 28 5 24 2 27 2 30 3 28 7 25 0 21 9 20 5 19 4 18 615 24 wbr years 19 4 20 1 16 9 18 1 17 5 14 1 14 3 17 4 17 4 16 0 13 7 14 0 12 825 44 wbr years 29 4 28 8 30 0 29 3 30 0 29 4 27 7 27 4 28 4 28 6 30 0 29 2 27 945 64 wbr years 12 0 14 8 17 0 18 0 20 9 20 4 19 9 20 0 19 2 19 3 23 1 25 0 25 165 years wbr and over 4 0 4 3 4 5 6 1 7 4 8 1 8 5 8 3 9 8 11 3 12 6 13 2 15 8Total 100 99 6 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100Historical median age of the population edit Median age of the Australia population through history Source Australian Bureau of Statistics 66 67 69 70 Years 1901 1911 1921 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2015 2017Median age of the total population 22 5 24 0 25 8 30 3 29 3 27 7 29 6 32 4 35 7 37 4 38 7Median age of males 23 6 24 6 26 1 29 9 28 7 27 0 29 0 31 7 34 9 37 9Median age of females 21 5 23 4 25 5 30 8 30 2 28 3 30 2 33 0 36 4 39 5Vital statistics since 1900 edit Source 71 Average population June 1 form 2017 Dec 31 Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate per 1 000 Crude death rate per 1 000 Natural change per 1 000 Crude migration change per 1 000 Total fertility rates A 63 Net overseas migration 72 73 74 1900 3 715 000 102 221 44 060 58 161 27 3 11 8 15 5 3 661901 3 765 000 102 945 46 330 56 615 27 1 12 2 14 9 1 6 3 641902 3 824 000 102 776 48 078 54 698 26 7 12 5 14 2 1 4 3 391903 3 875 000 98 443 47 293 51 150 25 3 12 1 13 2 12 0 3 581904 3 916 000 104 113 43 572 60 541 26 4 11 0 15 4 4 9 3 541905 3 974 000 104 941 43 514 61 427 26 2 10 9 15 3 0 6 3 511906 4 032 000 107 890 44 333 63 557 26 6 10 9 15 7 1 2 3 351907 4 091 000 110 347 45 305 55 042 26 7 11 0 15 7 1 2 3 351908 4 161 000 111 545 46 426 55 119 26 6 11 1 15 5 3 9 3 351909 4 232 000 114 071 44 172 59 899 26 7 10 3 16 4 2 9 3 351910 4 323 000 116 801 45 590 61 211 26 7 10 4 16 3 7 3 3 351911 4 425 000 122 193 47 869 74 324 27 2 10 6 16 6 6 8 3 511912 4 573 000 133 088 52 177 80 911 28 6 11 2 17 4 15 8 3 511913 4 820 172 135 714 51 789 83 925 28 2 10 7 17 5 36 6 3 511914 4 893 000 137 983 51 720 86 263 28 0 10 5 17 5 2 5 3 511915 4 971 000 134 871 52 782 82 089 27 1 10 6 16 5 0 6 3 511916 4 969 000 131 426 54 197 77 219 26 6 11 0 15 6 15 9 3 071917 4 917 000 129 965 48 029 81 936 26 3 9 7 16 6 27 1 3 351918 4 982 000 125 739 50 249 75 490 25 0 10 0 15 0 1 9 3 071919 5 080 000 122 290 65 930 56 360 23 6 12 7 10 9 8 6 3 071920 5 303 000 136 406 56 289 80 117 25 5 10 5 15 5 28 8 3 071921 5 411 000 136 198 54 076 82 122 24 9 9 9 15 0 5 2 3 121922 5 510 000 137 496 51 311 86 185 24 7 9 2 15 5 2 7 3 111923 5 637 000 135 222 56 236 78 986 23 7 9 9 13 8 9 0 3 021924 5 755 000 134 927 54 980 79 953 23 2 9 4 13 8 7 0 2 971925 5 882 000 135 792 54 658 81 134 22 9 9 2 13 7 8 3 2 951926 6 000 000 133 162 56 952 76 210 22 0 9 4 12 6 7 4 2 851927 6 124 000 133 698 58 282 75 716 21 6 9 4 12 2 8 3 2 801928 6 251 000 134 078 59 378 74 700 21 3 9 4 11 9 8 8 2 771929 6 355 000 129 480 60 857 68 623 20 2 9 5 10 7 5 8 2 641930 6 436 000 128 399 55 331 73 068 19 8 8 6 11 2 1 4 2 581931 6 500 000 118 509 56 560 61 949 18 2 8 7 9 5 0 4 2 361932 6 552 000 110 933 56 757 54 176 16 9 8 6 8 3 0 3 2 191933 6 603 000 111 269 59 117 52 152 16 8 8 9 7 9 0 1 2 171934 6 656 000 109 475 62 229 47 246 16 4 9 3 7 1 0 9 2 111935 6 707 000 111 325 63 599 47 726 16 5 9 4 7 1 0 5 2 121936 6 755 000 116 073 63 932 52 141 17 1 9 4 7 7 0 6 2 181937 6 810 000 119 131 64 496 54 635 17 4 9 4 8 0 0 1 2 211938 6 871 000 120 415 66 451 53 964 17 4 9 6 7 8 1 1 2 211939 6 935 000 122 891 69 147 53 744 17 6 9 9 7 7 1 6 2 221940 7 004 000 126 347 68 384 57 963 17 9 9 7 8 2 1 7 2 261941 7 077 000 134 525 71 176 63 349 18 9 10 0 8 9 1 5 2 361942 7 143 000 136 708 75 191 61 517 19 1 10 5 8 6 0 7 2 381943 7 201 000 149 295 74 486 74 809 20 6 10 3 10 3 2 3 2 571944 7 269 000 153 344 69 596 83 748 21 0 9 5 11 5 2 1 2 631945 7 347 000 160 560 70 231 90 229 21 7 9 5 12 2 1 6 2 741946 7 430 000 176 379 74 661 101 718 23 6 10 0 13 6 2 4 2 991947 7 517 000 182 384 73 468 108 916 24 1 9 7 14 4 2 8 3 081948 7 637 000 177 976 76 839 101 137 23 1 10 0 13 1 2 7 2 981949 7 792 000 181 261 75 260 106 001 22 9 9 5 13 4 6 7 2 991950 8 045 000 190 591 78 187 112 404 23 3 9 6 13 7 18 5 3 011951 8 307 000 193 298 81 788 111 510 23 0 9 7 13 3 31 2 3 061952 8 527 000 201 650 81 597 120 053 23 4 9 5 13 9 12 4 3 151953 8 739 000 202 235 80 188 122 047 22 9 9 1 13 8 10 9 3 231954 8 902 000 202 256 81 805 120 451 22 5 9 1 13 4 5 1 3 31955 9 089 000 207 677 82 036 125 641 22 6 8 9 13 7 7 2 3 351956 9 311 000 212 633 86 088 126 545 22 5 9 1 13 4 10 8 3 391957 9 530 000 220 358 84 953 135 405 22 9 8 8 14 1 9 3 3 411958 9 744 000 222 504 83 723 138 481 22 6 8 5 14 1 8 2 3 421959 9 947 000 226 976 89 212 137 765 22 6 8 9 13 7 7 0 3 411960 10 160 000 230 326 88 464 141 862 22 4 8 6 13 8 7 5 3 391961 10 391 000 239 986 88 961 151 025 22 8 8 5 14 3 8 2 3 351962 10 642 000 237 081 93 163 143 918 22 1 8 7 13 4 10 6 3 31963 10 846 000 235 689 94 894 140 795 21 5 8 7 12 8 6 2 3 241964 11 055 000 229 149 100 594 128 555 20 5 8 7 11 8 7 6 3 171965 11 280 000 222 854 99 715 123 139 19 6 8 8 10 8 9 4 2 971966 11 505 000 223 731 103 929 119 802 19 3 9 0 10 3 9 5 2 891967 11 704 000 229 796 102 703 127 093 19 4 8 7 10 7 6 4 2 851968 11 912 000 240 906 109 547 131 359 20 0 9 1 10 9 6 7 2 891969 12 145 000 250 175 106 496 143 681 20 4 8 7 11 7 7 7 2 931970 12 407 000 257 516 113 048 144 468 20 5 9 0 10 5 9 9 2 941971 12 663 000 276 361 110 650 165 711 21 5 8 6 12 9 7 5 2 981972 13 067 000 271 960 110 191 161 769 20 6 8 4 12 2 19 5 2 741973 13 303 000 255 848 111 336 144 512 19 1 8 3 10 8 7 2 2 491974 13 504 000 243 658 110 179 133 479 17 9 8 1 9 8 5 2 2 321975 75 13 771 400 239 794 114 501 125 293 17 4 8 3 9 1 10 7 2 151976 13 915 500 231 135 110 610 120 525 16 6 7 9 8 7 1 8 2 061977 14 074 100 226 954 111 490 115 464 16 1 7 9 8 2 3 2 2 011978 14 248 600 226 359 108 059 118 300 15 9 7 6 8 3 4 1 1 951979 14 521 700 223 370 108 315 115 055 15 5 7 5 8 0 11 2 1 911980 14 695 400 223 664 106 654 117 010 15 3 7 3 8 0 4 0 1 891981 14 923 300 230 920 109 429 121 491 15 6 7 4 8 2 7 4 1 941982 15 178 400 237 076 110 990 116 086 15 7 7 4 8 3 9 4 1 93 128 1001983 15 393 500 241 764 112 918 128 846 15 8 7 4 8 4 5 8 1 92 73 3001984 15 579 400 240 544 110 887 129 657 15 5 7 2 8 3 3 8 1 84 49 1001985 15 788 300 241 814 114 197 127 617 15 4 7 3 8 1 5 3 1 92 73 8001986 16 018 400 239 115 116 069 123 046 15 0 7 3 7 7 6 9 1 87 100 5001987 16 263 900 242 977 116 139 126 838 15 0 7 2 7 8 7 5 1 85 125 8001988 16 532 200 246 200 120 463 125 737 15 0 7 3 7 7 8 9 1 83 149 4001989 16 814 400 250 155 118 767 131 388 15 1 7 1 8 0 9 3 1 84 157 5001990 17 065 100 257 521 125 112 132 409 15 3 7 4 7 9 7 2 1 90 124 7001991 17 284 000 261 158 119 572 141 586 15 2 7 0 8 2 4 6 1 85 86 5001992 17 494 700 259 200 120 836 138 800 14 9 6 9 8 0 4 3 1 89 68 6001993 17 667 100 259 959 121 338 138 621 14 8 6 9 7 9 2 9 1 86 30 1001994 17 854 700 258 314 123 496 134 818 14 5 7 0 7 5 3 1 1 84 46 6001995 18 071 800 258 210 126 232 131 978 14 4 7 0 7 4 4 9 1 82 80 2001996 18 310 700 250 438 126 400 124 038 13 8 6 9 6 9 6 4 1 80 104 0001997 18 517 600 253 660 127 298 126 362 13 7 6 9 6 8 4 5 1 78 87 2001998 18 711 300 249 105 129 255 119 850 13 4 6 9 6 5 4 1 1 75 79 1001999 18 925 900 249 965 128 278 121 487 13 3 6 8 6 5 5 0 1 75 96 5002000 19 153 400 249 310 128 392 120 918 13 1 6 7 6 4 5 7 1 75 107 2002001 19 413 200 247 500 128 913 118 587 12 8 6 7 6 1 7 5 1 73 135 7002002 19 654 900 247 400 130 300 117 200 12 9 6 9 6 0 6 5 1 77 110 6002003 19 902 700 247 400 132 239 115 200 12 5 6 7 5 8 6 8 1 75 116 5002004 20 139 800 252 100 133 231 115 851 12 4 6 7 5 7 6 2 1 76 100 0002005 20 409 100 255 800 131 354 124 580 12 6 6 5 6 1 7 3 1 79 123 8002006 20 697 900 263 500 134 000 129 500 12 8 6 5 6 3 7 9 1 82 146 7002007 21 015 900 277 700 136 000 141 700 13 2 6 4 6 8 8 6 1 87 232 7002008 21 384 400 289 500 140 800 148 700 14 4 6 8 7 6 10 6 2 02 277 4002009 21 778 800 297 100 143 700 153 400 13 9 6 6 7 3 11 4 1 90 299 8002010 22 031 900 304 200 141 500 162 600 13 4 6 4 7 0 4 2 1 89 172 0382011 22 340 000 301 200 145 400 155 800 13 5 6 6 6 9 7 0 1 92 205 6792012 22 733 500 306 000 147 200 158 800 13 6 6 5 7 1 10 6 1 91 241 1512013 23 128 100 311 100 149 200 161 900 13 3 6 4 6 9 10 4 1 88 235 7972014 23 475 700 307 000 150 000 157 000 12 8 6 5 6 3 8 3 1 8 179 0002015 23 816 000 307 700 155 900 151 800 12 8 6 7 6 1 8 1 1 81 181 0002016 76 24 385 600 311 800 157 400 154 400 12 9 6 5 6 4 10 2 1 789 243 8002017 24 770 700 77 308 500 160 300 148 200 12 7 6 6 6 1 9 7 1 741 241 7002018 25 180 200 78 314 900 79 158 500 156 400 12 7 6 4 6 3 10 2 1 740 248 4002019 25 522 169 305 800 166 700 139 100 12 1 6 6 5 5 8 1 1 657 210 7002020 25 694 400 294 400 161 400 133 000 11 5 6 3 5 2 1 5 1 581 3 3002021 25 766 605 C 309 996 171 469 138 527 12 1 6 7 5 4 2 6 1 70 3 6002022 26 268 359 300 684 190 745 109 800 11 6 7 3 4 3 15 2 1 63 387 000Current vital statistics edit Period Live births Deaths Natural increaseJanuary June 2022 153 100 93 700 59 500January June 2023 146 000 91 700 54 400Difference nbsp 7 100 4 64 nbsp 2 000 2 13 nbsp 5 100 1 In 2012 the total fertility rate of Australian born women was 1 94 while for overseas born women it was 1 81 80 while in 2013 it was 1 91 and 1 79 respectively 81 In 2017 TFR was 1 68 for overseas women overseas father 1 73 and 1 78 for native women native father 1 69 Structure of the population edit Population by Sex and Age Group Census 09 VIII 2016 These data have been randomly rounded to protect confidentiality Individual figures may not add up to totals and values for the same data may vary in different tables 82 Age Group Male Female Total Total 11 546 638 11 855 248 23 401 892 1000 4 752 142 712 638 1 464 779 6 265 9 771 055 731 592 1 502 646 6 4210 14 717 629 679 553 1 397 183 5 9715 19 727 677 693 915 1 421 595 6 0720 24 795 423 771 369 1 566 793 6 7025 29 824 084 840 525 1 664 602 7 1130 34 839 821 864 026 1 703 847 7 2835 39 773 132 788 548 1 561 679 6 6740 44 777 702 805 551 1 583 257 6 7745 49 773 170 808 282 1 581 455 6 7650 54 748 954 774 601 1 523 551 6 5155 59 709 115 745 214 1 454 332 6 2160 64 632 357 667 048 1 299 397 5 5565 69 581 230 607 766 1 188 999 5 0870 74 431 325 456 390 887 716 3 7975 79 307 441 345 217 652 657 2 7980 84 204 026 256 529 460 549 1 9785 89 123 502 185 463 308 960 1 3290 94 46 828 93 570 140 398 0 6095 99 9 244 24 672 33 920 0 14100 777 2 788 3 569 0 02Age group Male Female Total Percent0 14 2 240 826 2 123 783 4 364 609 18 6515 64 7 601 439 7 759 070 15 360 509 65 6465 1 704 373 1 972 395 3 676 768 15 71 Life expectancy at birth from 1921 to 2015 edit nbsp Life expectancy in Australia since 1885Sources Our World In Data and the United Nations 1921 1949 1920s 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 192961 0 62 9 61 7 62 5 63 2 62 9 62 8 62 9 63 11930s 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 193964 9 65 3 65 6 65 4 64 8 65 1 65 2 65 8 65 8 65 81940s 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 194966 2 66 1 65 9 66 4 68 0 68 5 68 0 68 6 68 5 69 1Source Our World in Data 83 nbsp Life expectancy in Australia since 1960 by gender1950 2015 Period Life expectancy inYears Period Life expectancy inYears1950 1955 69 4 1985 1990 76 21955 1960 70 4 1990 1995 77 71960 1965 70 9 1995 2000 78 81965 1970 70 8 2000 2005 80 31970 1975 71 8 2005 2010 81 51975 1980 73 6 2010 2015 82 31980 1985 75 1Source UN World Population Prospects 84 Other general demographic statistics editAs of March 2023 the population growth rate was 1 6 85 This rate was based on estimates of April 2019 1 one birth every 1 minute and 42 seconds one death every 2 minutes and 52 seconds one migrant person arriving to live in Australia every 42 seconds one Australian resident leaving Australia to live overseas every 2 minutes and 30 seconds leading to an overall total population increase of one person every 48 seconds Much of the data that follows has been derived from the CIA World Factbook 74 and the Australian Bureau of Statistics through censuses Population edit nbsp Estimated resident population of Australia since 1981The following figures are ABS estimates for the resident population of Australia based on the 2001 and 2006 Censuses and other data 26 977 200 as of 19 January 2024 1 23 470 145 July 2018 est 23 232 413 July 2017 est 21 262 641 July 2009 CIA World Factbook nbsp Population pyramid of Australia from 1950 to 2020Age structure edit nbsp Australian babies 0 year olds as a fraction of total persons in Australia according to the 2011 census results nbsp Australian babies 0 4 year olds as a fraction of total persons in Australia according to the 2011 census results0 14 years 17 75 male 2 138 080 female 2 027 583 15 24 years 12 62 male 1 520 528 female 1 442 461 25 54 years 41 35 male 4 944 587 female 4 760 752 55 64 years 11 84 male 1 379 681 female 1 398 177 65 years and over 16 44 male 1 786 595 female 2 071 701 2018 est 0 14 years 17 8 male 2 122 139 female 2 012 670 15 24 years 12 79 male 1 524 368 female 1 446 663 25 54 years 41 45 male 4 903 130 female 4 725 976 55 64 years 11 83 male 1 363 331 female 1 384 036 65 years and over 16 14 male 1 736 951 female 2 013 149 2017 est Median age edit nbsp Map of the median age of Australians by Statistical Local Area in the 2011 censustotal 38 8 years Country comparison to the world 58th male 38 1 years female 39 7 years 2018 est Total 36 9 years 86 Male 36 6 years Female 38 1 years 2009 est Birth rate edit 12 births 1 000 population 2018 est Country comparison to the world 165th 12 1 births 1 000 population 2017 est 12 47 births 1 000 population 2009 est Rank 164 Death rate edit 7 3 deaths 1 000 population 2018 est Country comparison to the world 118th 6 68 deaths 1 000 population 2009 est Rank 146 Total fertility rate edit 1 77 children born woman 2018 est Country comparison to the world 155thNet migration rate edit 5 4 migrant s 1 000 population 2018 est Country comparison to the world 22nd 5 5 migrant s 1 000 population 2017 est Rank 21 6 23 migrant s 1 000 population 2009 est Rank 15 Population growth rate edit 1 6 2023 est Mother s mean age at first birth edit 28 7 years 2014 est Life expectancy at birth edit total population 82 4 years 2018 estimate male 79 9 years 2018 estimate female 85 years 2018 estimate At the time of Australian Federation in 1901 the rate of natural increase was 14 9 persons per 1 000 population The rate increased to a peak of 17 4 per thousand population in the years 1912 1913 and 1914 During the Great Depression the rate declined to a low of 7 1 per thousand population in 1934 and 1935 Immediately after World War II the rate increased sharply as a result of the start of the post World War II baby boom and the immigration of many young people who then had children in Australia A rate plateau of over 13 0 persons per 1 000 population occurred for every year from 1946 to 1962 There has been a fall in the rate of natural increase since 1962 due to falling fertility In 1971 the rate of natural increase was 12 7 persons per 1 000 population a decade later it had fallen to 8 5 In 1996 the rate of natural increase fell below seven for the first time with the downward trend continuing in the late 1990s Population projections by the Australian Bureau of Statistics indicate that continued low fertility combined with the increase in deaths from an ageing population will result in natural increase falling below zero sometime in the mid 2030s However in 2006 the fertility rate rose to 1 81 one of the highest rates in the OECD Since 1901 the crude death rate has fallen from about 12 2 deaths per 1 000 population to 6 4 deaths per 1 000 population in 2006 87 Urbanisation edit urban population 86 of total population 2018 rate of urbanisation 1 43 annual rate of change 2015 20 est Urbanisation population 89 of total population 2008 Rate of urbanisation 1 2 annual rate of change 2005 2010 Sex ratio edit Birth 1 06 males female Under 15 years 1 05 males female 15 64 years 1 03 males female 65 years and over 0 84 male female Total population 1 male female 2009 Dependency ratios edit total dependency ratio 51 1 youth dependency ratio 28 5 elderly dependency ratio 22 6 potential support ratio 4 4 2015 est HIV AIDS edit Main article HIV AIDS in Australia Adult prevalence rate 0 1 2017 est People living with HIV AIDS 26 000 2017 est Deaths fewer than 200 2017 est 88 School life expectancy primary to tertiary education edit total 23 years male 23 years female 23 years 2016 Unemployment youth ages 15 24 edit total 12 6 Country comparison to the world 105th male 13 7 female 11 5 2017 est Incarceration and punishment edit Main article Punishment in Australia In March 2019 43 320 adults were imprisoned in Australia an incarceration rate of 221 prisoners per 100 000 adult population 89 or 169 per 100 000 total population 90 Additionally 75 544 people were in community corrections various non custodial punishments such as parole bail probation and community service 91 In June 2018 about 980 minors were imprisoned in Australia on an average night 92 Literacy edit Definition aged 15 years and over can read and write Total population 99 Male 99 Female 99 2003 est Education expenditure edit 4 9 of GDP 2013 country comparison to the world 55Population density edit As of June 2016 update the population density of Australia was reported as 3 1 km2 8 0 sq mi 93 This makes Australia the 3rd least densely populated country in the world after Namibia and Mongolia 94 See also edit nbsp Australia portalAging of Australia Health care in Australia Homelessness in Australia White Australia Policy List of cities in Australia Demographics of Sydney Demographics of Melbourne Demographics of Brisbane Demographics of Canberra European Australians Asian Australians Aboriginal Australians Religion in AustraliaNotes edit In fertility rates 2 1 and above is a stable population and has been marked blue 2 and below leads to an aging population and the result is that the population decreases Including Arab national groups such as Lebanese Egyptians Iraqis Sudanese Palestinians Jordanians Moroccans Algerians Saudis Yemenis Libyans Tunisians Kuwaitis Omanis Bahrainis Emiratis and Qataris At the 2021 census separate ancestry groups are specified for groups living as minorities in Arab countries such as Kurds Berbers Turks Mandaeans Copts Assyrians and Chaldeans The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate Australian as their ancestry have at least partial Anglo Celtic ancestry 17 Those who nominated their ancestry as Australian Aboriginal Does not include Torres Strait Islanders This relates to nomination of ancestry and is distinct from persons who identify as Indigenous Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander which is a separate question Indigenous identification is separate to the ancestry question on the Australian Census and persons identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander may identify any ancestry References editCitations edit a b c Population clock Australian Bureau of Statistics website Commonwealth of Australia Retrieved 23 July 2020 The population estimate shown is automatically calculated daily at 00 00 UTC and is based on data obtained from the population clock on the date shown in the citation Population Figures for all Countries of the World latest Nations Online Project Australia s population forecast to hit 30 million by 2029 The Guardian 22 November 2018 Retrieved 16 March 2023 Phillips Janet Simon Davies Joanne Migration Australian migration flows and population Australian Parliamentary Library Retrieved 21 April 2019 Data Australia The World Bank The World Bank Group 2013 Retrieved 24 April 2013 3302 0 55 001 Life Tables States Territories and Australia 2015 2017 Australian Bureau of Statistics Retrieved 21 April 2019 The Beach Australian Government Culture Portal Department of the Environment Water Heritage and the Arts Commonwealth of Australia 17 March 2008 Archived from the original on 26 February 2010 Regional Population 2021 Australian Bureau of Statistics 11 February 2022 Weule Genelle Felicity James 20 July 2017 Indigenous rock shelter in Top End pushes Australia s human history back to 65 000 years Nature Abc net au 547 7663 306 310 doi 10 1038 nature22968 hdl 2440 107043 PMID 28726833 S2CID 205257212 Retrieved 27 September 2017 a b When did Australia s earliest inhabitants arrive University of Wollongong 17 September 2004 Archived from the original on 21 June 2009 Retrieved 3 January 2009 a b Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Population 1301 0 Year Book Australia 2008 Australian Bureau of Statistics 7 February 2008 Retrieved 3 January 2009 The Evolution of Australia s Multicultural Policy Department of Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs 2005 Archived from the original on 19 February 2006 Retrieved 18 September 2007 2018 19 Migration Program Report PDF Department of Home Affairs 30 June 2019 Understanding and using Ancestry data Australian Bureau of Statistics 28 June 2022 Australian Standard Classification of Cultural and Ethnic Groups ASCCEG 2019 Australian Bureau of Statistics 18 December 2019 a b c d 2021 Census Community Profiles Australia Feature Article Ethnic and Cultural Diversity in Australia Feature Article 1301 0 Year Book Australia 1995 Commonwealth of Australia Australian Bureau of Statistics a b 2021 Australia Census All persons QuickStats Australian Bureau of Statistics Births Australia 12 August 2021 Retrieved 3 January 2022 Leading for Change A blueprint for cultural diversity and inclusive leadership revisited PDF humanrights gov au April 2018 Retrieved 26 June 2023 Groutsis Dimitria Martin Lee Lattouf Antoinette Soutphommasane TIm Lumby Catharine Young Nareen Crawford Joanne Robertson Adam 2022 Who Gets to Tell Australian Stories PDF mediadiversityaustralia org Retrieved 26 June 2023 If you re not counted you don t know that you exist Federal government to collect data on Australians ethnicity ABC News 16 June 2022 a b Table 5 1 Estimated resident population by country of birth a Australia as at 30 June 1996 to 2019 b c Australian Bureau of Statistics Retrieved 4 May 2020 3105 0 65 001 Australian Historical Population Statistics 2006 XLS Australian Bureau of Statistics 23 May 2006 Archived from the original on 8 September 2007 Retrieved 18 September 2007 Australian population 1919 5 080 912 2006 20 209 993 United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division 2015 International Migration in International migrant stock 2015 Accessed from International migrant stock 2015 maps on 24 May 2017 a b Fact Sheet 20 Migration Program Planning Levels Department of Immigration and Citizenship 11 August 2009 Archived from the original on 7 May 2010 Retrieved 17 June 2010 Table 5 1 Estimated resident population by country of birth a Australia as at 30 June 1996 to 2022 b c Australian Bureau of Statistics Retrieved 3 November 2023 Australian Bureau of Statistics 2021 Census of Population and Housing General Community Profile XLSX Australian Bureau of Statistics Retrieved 2 July 2022 2001 Australia Census All persons QuickStats Australian Bureau of Statistics Pettersson Thorleif Esmer Yilmaz R 2008 Changing Values Persisting Cultures Case Studies in Value Change Brill p 21 ISBN 978 9004162341 Australian Political Facts Longman Chesire 1990 p 122 ISBN 9780582712584 Australian Bureau of Statistics Special Feature Trends in religious affiliation 4102 0 Australian Social Trends 1994 Religion in Australia 2016 Australian Bureau of Statistics 28 June 2017 Retrieved 31 January 2018 NCLS releases latest estimates of church attendance Media release NCLS Research NCLS Research 28 February 2012 Retrieved 24 April 2013 Schools 2022 Australian Bureau of Statistics 15 February 2023 Pluralist Nations Pluralist Language Policies 1995 Global Cultural Diversity Conference Proceedings Sydney Department of Immigration and Citizenship Archived from the original on 20 December 2008 Retrieved 11 January 2009 English has no de jure status but is so entrenched as the common language that it is de facto the official language as well as the national language Moore Bruce The Vocabulary Of Australian English PDF National Museum of Australia Archived from the original PDF on 20 March 2011 Retrieved 5 April 2010 The Macquarie Dictionary Fourth Edition The Macquarie Library Pty Ltd 2005 A mission to save indigenous languages Australian Geographic 19 August 2011 Archived from the original on 24 December 2013 Retrieved 18 March 2016 a b National Indigenous Languages Survey Report 2005 Department of Communications Information Technology and the Arts Archived from the original PDF on 9 July 2009 Retrieved 5 September 2009 4713 0 Population Characteristics Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians 2006 Australian Bureau of Statistics Canberra Australian Bureau of Statistics 4 May 2010 Retrieved 7 December 2010 Australian Bureau of Statistics 27 June 2007 20680 Language Spoken at Home full classification list by Sex Australia 2006 Census Tables Australia Canberra Australian Bureau of Statistics Archived from the original on 3 July 2009 Retrieved 7 December 2010 Williams Alan N 22 June 2013 A new population curve for prehistoric Australia Proceedings of the Royal Society B 280 1761 1 9 doi 10 1098 rspb 2013 0486 PMC 3652441 PMID 23615287 Australian Bureau of Statistics 31 October 2012 2011 Community Profiles Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Indigenous Profile 2011 Census of Population and Housing Retrieved 9 October 2013 nbsp 2021 Northern Territory Census All persons QuickStats Australian Bureau of Statistics Retrieved 12 January 2024 National state and territory population June 2023 Australian Bureau of Statistics 14 December 2023 Australian Bureau of Statistics 27 June 2017 New South Wales 2016 Census QuickStats Retrieved 2 July 2017 nbsp Australian Bureau of Statistics 27 June 2017 Victoria 2016 Census QuickStats Retrieved 2 July 2017 nbsp Australian Bureau of Statistics 27 June 2017 Queensland 2016 Census QuickStats Retrieved 2 July 2017 nbsp Australian Bureau of Statistics 31 October 2012 Western Australia 2011 Census QuickStats Retrieved 12 February 2013 nbsp Australian Bureau of Statistics 27 June 2017 South Australia 2016 Census QuickStats Retrieved 2 July 2017 nbsp Australian Bureau of Statistics 27 June 2017 Tasmania 2016 Census QuickStats Retrieved 2 July 2017 nbsp Australian Bureau of Statistics 27 June 2017 Australian Capital Territory 2016 Census QuickStats Retrieved 2 July 2017 nbsp Australian Bureau of Statistics 27 June 2017 Northern Territory 2016 Census QuickStats Retrieved 2 July 2017 nbsp Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population 1301 0 Year Book Australia 2002 Australian Bureau of Statistics 20 August 2007 Retrieved 21 October 2009 Briscoe Gordon Smith Len 2002 The Aboriginal Population Revisited 70 000 years to the present Canberra Australia Aboriginal History Inc p 12 ISBN 978 0 9585637 6 5 TABLE 1 1 Population by sex states and territories 31 December 1788 onwards 23 May 2014 Retrieved 8 July 2019 TABLE 1 2 Population by sex states and territories 30 June 1901 onwards Australian Bureau of Statistics 23 May 2014 Retrieved 8 July 2019 Australian Bureau of Statistics 9 March 2006 Australia 2001 Census QuickStats Retrieved 24 January 2016 nbsp Australian Bureau of Statistics 25 October 2007 Australia 2006 Census QuickStats Retrieved 24 January 2016 Australian Bureau of Statistics 31 October 2012 Australia 2011 Census QuickStats Retrieved 24 January 2016 nbsp Australian Bureau of Statistics 27 June 2017 Australia 2016 Census QuickStats Retrieved 13 July 2017 nbsp a b c Max Roser 2014 Total Fertility Rate around the world over the last centuries Our World In Data Gapminder Foundation a b Australian Bureau of Statistics 23 May 2006 3105 0 65 001 Australian Historical Population Statistics 2006 Table 42 Crude birth rates states and territories 1860 onwards Australian Bureau of Statistics 5 August 2008 3105 0 65 001 Australian Historical Population Statistics 2008 4 Population Age Sex Structure 4 1 Population age and sex Australia 30 June 1901 onwards a b Australian Bureau of Statistics 6 April 2006 Population Characteristics 20th century beginning and end a b Australian Bureau of Statistics 15 February 2016 3101 0 Australian Demographic Statistics Jun 2015 idcommunity Australia Five year age groups Australian Bureau of Statistics 15 March 2006 4102 0 Australian Social Trends 1996 Australian Bureau of Statistics 5 August 2008 3105 0 65 001 Australian Historical Population Statistics 2008 4 Population Age Sex Structure 4 18 Median age by sex states and territories 30 June 1971 onwards Developed countries database ined fr Retrieved 10 July 2012 Historical Migration Statistics 25 July 2014 Archived from the original on 9 August 2014 Retrieved 27 July 2014 3101 0 Australian Demographic Statistics Mar 2017 Australian Bureau of Statistics Retrieved 27 September 2017 a b World Factbook EUROPE AUSTRALIA The World Factbook 12 July 2018 www abs gov au Australian Demographic Statistics Quarterly Dec 1980 visited September 17 2023 Population Australian Bureau of Statistics Retrieved 13 December 2017 3101 0 Australian Demographic Statistics Dec 2017 Australian Bureau of Statistics 16 September 2021 3101 0 Australian Demographic Statistics Dec 2018 Australian Bureau of Statistics December 2018 3302 0 Deaths 2018 Australian Bureau of Statistics December 2018 3301 0 Births Australia 2012 XL file Australian Bureau of Statistics 11 July 2014 Retrieved 19 December 2014 3301 0 Births Australia 2013 XL file Australian Bureau of Statistics 23 October 2014 Retrieved 19 December 2014 UNSD Demographic and Social Statistics unstats un org Retrieved 10 May 2023 Life expectancy Our World in Data Retrieved 28 August 2018 World Population Prospects Population Division United Nations United Nations Population Division 2019 Retrieved 10 July 2019 Australia s population grew by 1 6 per cent Australian Bureau of Statistics 21 June 2016 Retrieved 22 July 2018 3201 0 Population by Age and Sex Australian States and Territories Jun 2010 Australian Bureau of Statistics 21 December 2010 Retrieved 5 June 2016 Population Size and Growth 1301 0 Year Book Australia 2008 Australian Bureau of Statistics 7 February 2008 Retrieved 3 January 2009 AUSTRALIA OCEANIA AUSTRALIA CIA The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency 2 July 2019 Retrieved 8 July 2019 4512 0 Corrective Services Australia March quarter 2019 Australian Bureau of Statistics Retrieved 8 July 2019 Highest to Lowest Prison Incarceration Rate World Prison Brief Retrieved 8 July 2019 4512 0 Corrective Services Australia March quarter 2019 Summary of findings Australian Bureau of Statistics Retrieved 8 July 2019 Youth detention population in Australia 2018 www aihw gov au Report Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 19 December 2018 p 24 ISBN 978 1 76054 470 6 ISSN 2205 5010 Retrieved 8 July 2019 3218 0 Regional Population Growth Australia 2016 Australian Bureau of Statistics Retrieved 21 April 2019 Population density people per sq km of land area World Bank Open Data The World Bank Retrieved 21 April 2019 Sources edit General references nbsp This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook 2024 ed CIA Archived 2006 edition Further reading editJupp James The Australian People An Encyclopedia of the Nation its People and their Origins 2002 O Farrell Patrick The Irish in Australia 1798 to the Present Day 3rd ed Cork University Press 2001 Wells Andrew and Theresa Martinez eds Australia s Diverse Peoples A Reference Sourcebook ABC CLIO 2004 External links edit nbsp Wikimedia Commons has media related to Demographics of Australia Australian Bureau of Statistics ABS Year Book Australia 2009 10 Australian population ethnic origins DOC Build Australian population graph 1960 2013 World Bank data Build Australian population projection graph till 2100 United Nation data Build Australian life expectancy at birth graph 1950 2013 United Nation data Australia s population clock Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Demographics of Australia amp oldid 1195083193, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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