Democracy in India
Democracy in India is the largest by population in the world.[1][2] Elections in India started with the 1951–52 Indian general election. India was the 19th most electoral democratic country in Asia according to V-Dem Democracy indices in 2023 with a score of 0.399 out of 1.[3]The Economist Democracy Index considered 2022 India a Flawed democracy.[4]
Democratic backsliding edit
According to V-Dem Institute laws on sedition, defamation, and counterterrorism are used to silence critics,[5] and describes India as "one of the worst autocratisers in the last 10 years".[6] Free political speech is limited.[7] Gerrymandering is another challenge to democracy in India.[8][9]
History edit
Early Shakyas, Koliyas, Mallakas, and Licchavis claim assemblies open to all men, rich and poor,[10] which could be considered a form of direct democracy. Other saṅghas and gaṇas had councils of unelected nobles, which don't meet the standards of democracy. Greek historian Diodorus writes two centuries after the time of Alexander the Great about democratic states in India,[11] but lacks evidence for elections considering the word "democracy" around the 3rd century BCE could mean any autonomous state.[12][13] Later in 10th century the election of local representatives for the village bodies during the Chola Empire is claimed in Vaikunda Perumal Temple's inscriptions.[14][15][16]
See also edit
References edit
- ^ Richetta, Cécile; Harbers, Imke; van Wingerden, Enrike (2023). "The subnational electoral coercion in India (SECI) data set, 1985–2015" (PDF). Electoral Studies. 85. doi:10.1016/j.electstud.2023.102662. ISSN 0261-3794.
- ^ Guha, Ramachandra (2008). India after Gandhi : the history of the world's largest democracy (Indian ed.). India: Picador. ISBN 9780330505543.
- ^ V-Dem Institute (2023). "The V-Dem Dataset". Retrieved 3 February 2024.
- ^ Dutta, Anisha (22 June 2023). "India secretly works to preserve reputation on global Democracy Index". The Guardian.
- ^ Pillai, Shreeya and Lindberg, Staffan I. (2021) "Democracy Broken Down: India" in Democracy Report 2021: Autocratization Turns Viral pp.20–21. V-Dem Institute
- ^ "India Is 'One of the Worst Autocratisers in the Last 10 Years,' Says 2023 V-Dem Report". The Wire. 7 March 2023.
- ^ . V-Dem Institute. 24 February 2020. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
- ^ Forbes India Investigation: India's most gerrymandered constituencies, Karthik Shashidhar, 2019
- ^ India 'gerrymanders' Kashmir region in redrawn electoral map, 2022
- ^ Robinson, 1997, p. 23
- ^ Diodorus 2.39
- ^ Larsen, 1973, pp. 45–46
- ^ de Sainte, 2006, pp. 321–3
- ^ R., Nagaswamy (2003). Uttaramerur. Chennai: Tamil Arts Academy. pp. 12–16.
- ^ Padmaja, T. Temples of Kr̥ṣṇa in South India: History, Art, and Traditions in Tamilnāḍu. Abhinav Publications. p. 88. ISBN 9788170173984.
- ^ Vaikunta perumal temple inscriptions, Uttiramerur, TN and democratic election practices 1000 years ago, Navrang India, September 02, 2022