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Cyclone Yasi

March 06, 2023

Not to be confused with Cyclone Yaas or Cyclone Yasa.

Severe Tropical Cyclone Yasi (/ˈjɑːsiː/) was a powerful and destructive tropical cyclone that made landfall in northern Queensland, Australia in early 2011, causing major damage to the affected areas. Originating as a tropical low near Fiji on 26 January, the system intensified to tropical cyclone status during the evening of 30 January. Yasi deepened rapidly over the next 24 hours, and was classified as a Category 3 cyclone at about 5 PM AEST (07:00 UTC) on 31 January 2011.[1] Late on 1 February, the cyclone strengthened to a Category 4 system; then, early on 2 February, the cyclone intensified into a Category 5 Severe Tropical Cyclone.[2] The system had a well-defined eye and continued to track west-southwestward, maintaining a central pressure of 930 hPa (27 inHg) and a Dvorak intensity of T6.5 into the evening.[3][4]

Severe Tropical Cyclone Yasi
Category 5 severe tropical cyclone (Aus scale)
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS)
Satellite image of Cyclone Yasi near peak intensity on 2 February 2011
Formed26 January 2011
Dissipated6 February 2011
(Remnant low after 3 February)
Highest winds10-minute sustained: 205 km/h (125 mph)
1-minute sustained: 250 km/h (155 mph)
Gusts: 285 km/h (180 mph)
Lowest pressure929 hPa (mbar); 27.43 inHg
Fatalities1 indirect
Damage$3.6 billion (2011 USD)
(Costliest tropical cyclone in the Australian region basin)
Areas affectedTuvalu, Fiji, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea, Australia
Part of the 2010–11 South Pacific and Australian region cyclone seasons

At about 12:00 AM AEST (14:00 UTC) on 3 February, Yasi crossed the Australian coastline as a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone near Mission Beach,[5] with estimated maximum 3-second gusts of 285 km/h spanning an area from Ingham to Cairns.[6] A record low pressure of 929 hPa (27.43 inHg) was measured as the eye passed over Tully.[5] Due to the size of the system and its strong core, Yasi maintained cyclonic intensity farther inland than normal, finally dissipating into a tropical low near Mount Isa, at 10 PM on 3 February 2011, 22 hours after the storm first crossed the coast. The storm caused an estimated AU$3.5 billion (US$3.6 billion) in damage, making it the costliest tropical cyclone to hit Australia on record (not accounting for inflation; otherwise, Cyclone Tracy was costlier). Yasi was also indirectly responsible for the death of a 23-year-old man, who died from suffocation by generator exhaust fumes.[7][8]

Tropical Cyclone Yasi was the biggest storm in Queensland's history, with more than 10,000 people moved from their homes. The storm passed between the two big cities of Cairns and Townsville which only suffered minor damage. Early estimates of damage put the cost at about AU$100 million. It did not cause as much damage as government expected, as it missed major cities. It did however destroy 30% of the houses in Tully. At least 75% of the banana crop was destroyed, and damage to the sugar cane farms was expected to cost about AU$500 million. Damage to power lines left 150,000 homes without electricity.

Meteorological history

 
Map plotting the storm's track and intensity, according to the Saffir–Simpson scale
Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
  Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

Tropical Disturbance 09F was first identified on 26 January 2011 by the Fiji Meteorological Service (FMS), while it was 330 km (205 mi) south-southwest of Tuvalu. Over a region of high sea surface temperatures and low to moderate wind shear, it was expected to intensify gradually as it moved southwest.[9] Little development took place over the following two days,[10] though it was classified as a tropical depression on 27 January.[11] By 28 January, the depression was characterised as a poorly-developed low, with a broad area of rotating, flaring convection.[12] Considerable development took place on the following day, prompting the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) to issue a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert. The storm's low-level circulation centre became increasingly defined and convective banding features were apparent along the northern periphery of the depression.[13]

It deepened rapidly throughout 30 January, resulting in the JTWC upgrading the system to a tropical storm after data from an ASCAT image depicted winds near gale-force around the storm's centre.[14] Shortly thereafter, the FMS also upgraded the storm, classifying it as Tropical Cyclone Yasi.[15] Upon being classified a tropical cyclone, Yasi was located about 370 km (230 mi) northeast of Vanuatu.[15] Along the north edge of a strong subtropical ridge, the storm tracked generally westward, taking it through the northern islands of the country.[16] Continuing to rapidly intensify, Yasi attained severe tropical cyclone intensity with ten-minute sustained winds of at least 120 km/h (75 mph) on 31 January, as the primary convective band wrapped around the storm's centre.[17] Later that day, the storm crossed 160°E, prompting the final advisory from the FMS and the first advisory from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, as the system crossed into the Australian cyclone basin.[18]

Shortly after entering the BoM's area of responsibility, the storm initiated a period of rapid intensification under extremely favorable conditions as it turned southwestward, with a shallow eye developing by 31 January. As the storm continued to intensify, a well defined circular eye developed. The storm reached Category 4 intensity late on 1 February, and Category 5 status early on the next day.[5] Meanwhile, the JTWC assessed the system to have reached Category 4-equivalent status on the Saffir–Simpson scale.[19] Later that day, Yasi reached its peak intensity with 10-minute sustained winds of 125 mph (200 kilometres per hour) and a pressure of 929 hPa (27.43 inches of mercury).[5] At the same time, the JTWC estimated Yasi's winds to have topped out at 155 mph (250 kilometres per hour).[19]

Traveling southwestwards, Yasi remained a powerful storm until its landfall near Mission Beach, Queensland, at 14:00 UTC on February 2. Upon making landfall, the storm rapidly weakened and was no longer a Severe Tropical cyclone 6 hours after landfall. For the next several days, the storm meandered as a depression over Australia, before dissipating on February 6.[5]

Preparations, impact and aftermath

 
Satellite image of Cyclone Yasi intensifying on 1 February

Severe Tropical Cyclone Yasi directly impacted the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and parts of Australia, while parts of Fiji and Papua New Guniea were indirectly impacted. As a result of the system's impacts, the name Yasi was subsequently retired from the list of South Pacific tropical cyclone names and replaced with Yvone.[20]

Fiji, Vanuatu, Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands

Between 23 and 30 January, strong winds and swells were observed in Tuvalu, as Tropical Cyclones Wilma and Yasi developed and passed.[21][22] These strong winds delayed shipping schedules and affected students studying in Vaitupu and Fiji, and outer islands ran out of fresh supplies as a result of rough seas.[22] During 28–30 January, Yasi's precursor tropical depression caused rain and strong winds over the Fijian islands off Rotuma, Vanua Levu, Taveuni and the northern Yasawa Islands.[23]

During 30 January, Yasi became the second of three systems to directly impact Vanuatu in two months. Tropical Cyclone Yasi moved across Vanuatu's northern Torba Province, with winds reaching up to 95 km/h (60 mph).[24] Vanuatuan officials reported difficulties making contact with the Torba Province, but it was believed that the northern area escaped major damage.[25]

The storm was several hundred kilometres southeast of Papua New Guinea, but the outer edges of the large system brought strong winds, high seas and heavy rain to the country. In Milne Bay Province, local officials advised residents living along the coast to move to higher grounds.[26]

Willis Island

As Yasi moved into the Australian region meteorological data from the weather station on Willis Island was used to help monitor the system. Ahead of the system impacting the island, staff battened down the buildings and were evacuated off the island by a helicopter during 1 February.[27][28] Yasi subsequently passed directly over the weather station during 2 February, where wind gusts of 185 km/h (115 mph) and a minimum pressure of 937.9 hPa (27.70 inHg) were recorded, before the meteorological equipment and communications failed.[28] After the system passed over the island, it became clear that the strong winds and storm surge had damaged the radar, key observing systems as well as communications, operational and life support infrastructure. It was also noted that the system had altered the shape of the island and cleared most of its vegetation. Most of the automated surface observing systems and communications were subsequently restored and became operational, fifteen days after Yasi had passed over the island. However, the radar and life-supporting systems took a bit longer to restore and were subsequently completed by the end of November, before staff returned to the island during December 2011.[29]

Australia

By the time Yasi crossed into Australian basin, preparations for the storm were under way. Media outlets referred to the storm as "what could be the state's worst cyclone in history".[30]

Because of its great size, many feared that the tropical cyclone could cause damage more severe than Cyclone Larry in 2006 or Cyclone Tracy, which severely damaged Darwin in 1974.[31] Thousands of residents in the path of the storm were urged to evacuate by Queensland Premier Anna Bligh.[32] Thirty thousand people were evacuated from Cairns, including all patients from Cairns Base Hospital and Cairns Private Hospital who were airlifted by the Royal Australian Air Force and other agencies (such as the Royal Flying Doctor Service) to Brisbane.[33] The Queensland state emergency coordinator warned residents that they would be on their own for up to 24 hours, as the conditions would be too dangerous for emergency responders.[34]

Waves as high as 12 m (39.37 ft) were predicted to hit the north Queensland coast as the storm surge caused by Cyclone Yasi combined with a high tide of up to 7 m (23 ft) above average.[33][35]

In Mission Beach near where Cyclone Yasi made landfall, wind gusts were estimated to have reached 290 km/h (180 mph), leaving behind much damage.[36] A storm surge estimated to have reached 7 m (23 ft) destroyed several structures along the coast and pushed up to 300 m (980 ft) inland.[37] In the hours after the storm's passage, police could not venture beyond their station grounds as the situation had yet to be declared safe. Most of the beach had lost its sand and every structure was damaged to some degree. Near sunrise on 3 February, there were no reports of fatalities or injuries in Mission Beach.[38] As the eye of the storm moved over several towns in Queensland, news reporters took the opportunity to give brief damage assessments before the eyewall returned. The worst affected areas were around Tully, Tully Heads, Silkwood, Mission Beach, Innisfail and Cardwell.[39]

According to residents in Tully, the town was "...a scene of mass devastation". An unknown number of homes were completely destroyed as intense winds, estimated at 209 km/h (130 mph), battered the area. Many other homes not destroyed sustained severe facade and or roof damage.[40] As daybreak came, reports from the town stated that about 90% of the structures along the main avenue sustained extensive damage.[41]

 
Downed power pole and lines on Kings Road in Townsville

An evacuation centre in Innisfail began to flood as the worst of Yasi's impacts neared. Evacuees were reportedly hammering boards at the bottom of doors to prevent water from further entering the structure. Additionally, concerns over the building's windows came about as they flexed amidst winds over 200 km/h (120 mph).[42] In Townsville, numerous roofs were torn off buildings and sent hurtling down streets. Many windows are believed to have been broken as residents reported the sound of glass breaking throughout the night as the storm moved through.[43] In Tully, the high school was destroyed and will need to be rebuilt.[44]

Numerous emergency calls were made by residents trapped in their homes near the height of the storm. However, their calls could not be acted upon as conditions were too dangerous for police to travel in. One reported instance was of six people trapped in an apartment complex at Port Hinchinbrook near Cardwell, who could not be evacuated. The building was threatened by Yasi's storm surge which exceeded 3 m (9.8 ft). The group were later reported to be safe.[45] Around 10:30 pm local time on 2 February, Premier Bligh stated that an estimated 90,000 structures, including evacuation centres, were without power.[36] This figure rose to 170,000 by morning and officials stated that some residents may be without power for more than a month.[46]

The water-supply system had failed in Townsville and there was only 24 hours supply, while the water had run out at Magnetic Island in one day.[47]

Fears of total devastation to the banana and sugar cane crops arose as the storm struck land. Initial estimates stated that damage to sugar cane alone could reach A$505 million.[48] On 3 February, total losses from the storm were estimated to reach A$3.5 billion (US$3.54 billion), this makes it the costliest cyclone to ever hit Australia (not accounting for inflation).[49] By 5 February, A$2 billion (US$2.03 billion) was confirmed to have been lost in agriculture, mining and local government.[50] An additional A$1 billion has been lost in the tourism industry.[51]

One death was due to carbon monoxide poisoning by exhaust of a portable generator being used in a confined space at Bambaroo near Ingham.[52]

Two days after landfall, severe flooding from the rains severed the Bruce Highway between Townsville and Ingham leaving a 10 kilometre backup of traffic.[53] Many of those who evacuated the devastated areas including emergency workers were stranded.[53]

On 5 February, the remnants of Yasi as a tropical low created torrential rain as rainfall of 140 mm (5.5 in) was recorded in Terowie and Yongala.[54] Flooding was widespread in towns of northern South Australia reaching even Renmark on the River Murray.[54] In north-west Victoria, Mildura recorded the highest daily rainfall total on record, with 142 mm (5.6 in) and Lyndhurst, a suburb of Melbourne recorded 180 mm (7.1 in) of rain in the 24 hours falling up to 9am AEDT (22:00 UTC) on 5 February.[55]

On 6 February, the BOM reported that Ex-Tropical Cyclone Yasi was 85 km (53 mi) north of Yulara[56] and that heavy rains continued in the Alice Springs area. The deluge also continued in northern South Australia as vast areas continued to get rain.[57] Hallett had a record rainfall amount of 98 mm (3.9 in).[57] Damaging winds with gusts of more than 90 km/h hit Marla and Coober Pedy.[57] More than 100 mm (3.9 in) also fell at Arkaroola and Mt Dare, 92 mm (3.6 in) fell at Marree, and 86 mm (3.4 in) at Yunta.[57]

Even one week after the flooding rains, areas that were affected had become completely isolated.[58] At Challenger Gold Mine 150 people were isolated and emergency supplies had to be flown in. Cattle Stations near Oodnadatta, Glendambo and the world's largest at Anna Creek Station were all isolated.[58]

The Australian Defence Force (ADF) response was designated Operation Yasi Assist. The ADF established Joint Task Force 664, based at Lavarack Barracks in Townsville and under the command of Brigadier Stuart Smith, for operational command on 2 February 2011.[59]

See also

References

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  19. ^ a b "Tropical Cyclone Yasi Best Track". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. 6 February 2011. Retrieved 26 May 2021.
  20. ^ RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee (31 October 2022). Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South-East Indian Ocean and the Southern Pacific Ocean 2022 (PDF) (Report). World Meteorological Organization. pp. I-4–II-9 (9–21). Retrieved 22 February 2023.
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  30. ^ Stolz, Greg; Williams, Brian; Michael, Peter (1 February 2011). "'Potentially very deadly event' as Cyclone Yasi bears down on Queensland". The Daily Telegraph. News Limited. Retrieved 1 February 2011.
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  35. ^ Nancarrow, Dan (2 February 2011). "Waves 12m high to lash coast". Brisbane Times. Fairfax Media. from the original on 4 February 2011. Retrieved 2 February 2011.[dead link]
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  51. ^ Geoffrey Rogow (5 February 2011). . The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 27 August 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2011.
  52. ^ Staff writers (4 February 2011). "Cyclone Yasi claims first victim". The Age. Archived from the original on 3 February 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2011.
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  56. ^ . Bureau of Meteorology, Darwin. 6 February 2011. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  57. ^ a b c d Ken, McGregor (7 February 2011). . Adelaide Now. The Advertiser. Archived from the original on 9 February 2011. Retrieved 7 February 2011.
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  59. ^ "Defence forms joint cyclone taskforce". AAP/News. 2 February 2011.[permanent dead link]

External links

 
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cyclone Yasi (2011).
  • Australian Bureau of Meteorology (TCWC's Perth, Darwin & Brisbane) 12 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  • Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) 1 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  • Tropical Cyclone Yasi at NASA Earth Observatory
  • ABC News- Tropical Cyclones explained
  • Tropical Cyclone Yasi (Feb 2011) – snapshots of relevant webpages from 2011
  • Queensland Floods and Cyclone Yasi footage 2011, State Library of Queensland

March 06, 2023
cyclone, yasi, confused, with, cyclone, yaas, cyclone, yasa, severe, tropical, ɑː, powerful, destructive, tropical, cyclone, that, made, landfall, northern, queensland, australia, early, 2011, causing, major, damage, affected, areas, originating, tropical, nea. Not to be confused with Cyclone Yaas or Cyclone Yasa Severe Tropical Cyclone Yasi ˈ j ɑː s iː was a powerful and destructive tropical cyclone that made landfall in northern Queensland Australia in early 2011 causing major damage to the affected areas Originating as a tropical low near Fiji on 26 January the system intensified to tropical cyclone status during the evening of 30 January Yasi deepened rapidly over the next 24 hours and was classified as a Category 3 cyclone at about 5 PM AEST 07 00 UTC on 31 January 2011 1 Late on 1 February the cyclone strengthened to a Category 4 system then early on 2 February the cyclone intensified into a Category 5 Severe Tropical Cyclone 2 The system had a well defined eye and continued to track west southwestward maintaining a central pressure of 930 hPa 27 inHg and a Dvorak intensity of T6 5 into the evening 3 4 Severe Tropical Cyclone YasiCategory 5 severe tropical cyclone Aus scale Category 4 tropical cyclone SSHWS Satellite image of Cyclone Yasi near peak intensity on 2 February 2011Formed26 January 2011Dissipated6 February 2011 Remnant low after 3 February Highest winds10 minute sustained 205 km h 125 mph 1 minute sustained 250 km h 155 mph Gusts 285 km h 180 mph Lowest pressure929 hPa mbar 27 43 inHgFatalities1 indirectDamage 3 6 billion 2011 USD Costliest tropical cyclone in the Australian region basin Areas affectedTuvalu Fiji Solomon Islands Vanuatu Papua New Guinea AustraliaPart of the 2010 11 South Pacific and Australian region cyclone seasonsAt about 12 00 AM AEST 14 00 UTC on 3 February Yasi crossed the Australian coastline as a Category 5 severe tropical cyclone near Mission Beach 5 with estimated maximum 3 second gusts of 285 km h spanning an area from Ingham to Cairns 6 A record low pressure of 929 hPa 27 43 inHg was measured as the eye passed over Tully 5 Due to the size of the system and its strong core Yasi maintained cyclonic intensity farther inland than normal finally dissipating into a tropical low near Mount Isa at 10 PM on 3 February 2011 22 hours after the storm first crossed the coast The storm caused an estimated AU 3 5 billion US 3 6 billion in damage making it the costliest tropical cyclone to hit Australia on record not accounting for inflation otherwise Cyclone Tracy was costlier Yasi was also indirectly responsible for the death of a 23 year old man who died from suffocation by generator exhaust fumes 7 8 Tropical Cyclone Yasi was the biggest storm in Queensland s history with more than 10 000 people moved from their homes The storm passed between the two big cities of Cairns and Townsville which only suffered minor damage Early estimates of damage put the cost at about AU 100 million It did not cause as much damage as government expected as it missed major cities It did however destroy 30 of the houses in Tully At least 75 of the banana crop was destroyed and damage to the sugar cane farms was expected to cost about AU 500 million Damage to power lines left 150 000 homes without electricity Contents 1 Meteorological history 2 Preparations impact and aftermath 2 1 Fiji Vanuatu Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands 2 2 Willis Island 2 3 Australia 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksMeteorological historyThis section needs expansion You can help by adding to it March 2016 Map plotting the storm s track and intensity according to the Saffir Simpson scaleMap keySaffir Simpson scale Tropical depression 38 mph 62 km h Tropical storm 39 73 mph 63 118 km h Category 1 74 95 mph 119 153 km h Category 2 96 110 mph 154 177 km h Category 3 111 129 mph 178 208 km h Category 4 130 156 mph 209 251 km h Category 5 157 mph 252 km h Unknown Storm type Tropical cyclone Subtropical cyclone Extratropical cyclone remnant low tropical disturbance or monsoon depression Tropical Disturbance 09F was first identified on 26 January 2011 by the Fiji Meteorological Service FMS while it was 330 km 205 mi south southwest of Tuvalu Over a region of high sea surface temperatures and low to moderate wind shear it was expected to intensify gradually as it moved southwest 9 Little development took place over the following two days 10 though it was classified as a tropical depression on 27 January 11 By 28 January the depression was characterised as a poorly developed low with a broad area of rotating flaring convection 12 Considerable development took place on the following day prompting the Joint Typhoon Warning Center JTWC to issue a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert The storm s low level circulation centre became increasingly defined and convective banding features were apparent along the northern periphery of the depression 13 It deepened rapidly throughout 30 January resulting in the JTWC upgrading the system to a tropical storm after data from an ASCAT image depicted winds near gale force around the storm s centre 14 Shortly thereafter the FMS also upgraded the storm classifying it as Tropical Cyclone Yasi 15 Upon being classified a tropical cyclone Yasi was located about 370 km 230 mi northeast of Vanuatu 15 Along the north edge of a strong subtropical ridge the storm tracked generally westward taking it through the northern islands of the country 16 Continuing to rapidly intensify Yasi attained severe tropical cyclone intensity with ten minute sustained winds of at least 120 km h 75 mph on 31 January as the primary convective band wrapped around the storm s centre 17 Later that day the storm crossed 160 E prompting the final advisory from the FMS and the first advisory from the Australian Bureau of Meteorology as the system crossed into the Australian cyclone basin 18 Shortly after entering the BoM s area of responsibility the storm initiated a period of rapid intensification under extremely favorable conditions as it turned southwestward with a shallow eye developing by 31 January As the storm continued to intensify a well defined circular eye developed The storm reached Category 4 intensity late on 1 February and Category 5 status early on the next day 5 Meanwhile the JTWC assessed the system to have reached Category 4 equivalent status on the Saffir Simpson scale 19 Later that day Yasi reached its peak intensity with 10 minute sustained winds of 125 mph 200 kilometres per hour and a pressure of 929 hPa 27 43 inches of mercury 5 At the same time the JTWC estimated Yasi s winds to have topped out at 155 mph 250 kilometres per hour 19 Traveling southwestwards Yasi remained a powerful storm until its landfall near Mission Beach Queensland at 14 00 UTC on February 2 Upon making landfall the storm rapidly weakened and was no longer a Severe Tropical cyclone 6 hours after landfall For the next several days the storm meandered as a depression over Australia before dissipating on February 6 5 Preparations impact and aftermath Satellite image of Cyclone Yasi intensifying on 1 February Severe Tropical Cyclone Yasi directly impacted the Solomon Islands Vanuatu and parts of Australia while parts of Fiji and Papua New Guniea were indirectly impacted As a result of the system s impacts the name Yasi was subsequently retired from the list of South Pacific tropical cyclone names and replaced with Yvone 20 Fiji Vanuatu Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands Between 23 and 30 January strong winds and swells were observed in Tuvalu as Tropical Cyclones Wilma and Yasi developed and passed 21 22 These strong winds delayed shipping schedules and affected students studying in Vaitupu and Fiji and outer islands ran out of fresh supplies as a result of rough seas 22 During 28 30 January Yasi s precursor tropical depression caused rain and strong winds over the Fijian islands off Rotuma Vanua Levu Taveuni and the northern Yasawa Islands 23 During 30 January Yasi became the second of three systems to directly impact Vanuatu in two months Tropical Cyclone Yasi moved across Vanuatu s northern Torba Province with winds reaching up to 95 km h 60 mph 24 Vanuatuan officials reported difficulties making contact with the Torba Province but it was believed that the northern area escaped major damage 25 The storm was several hundred kilometres southeast of Papua New Guinea but the outer edges of the large system brought strong winds high seas and heavy rain to the country In Milne Bay Province local officials advised residents living along the coast to move to higher grounds 26 Willis Island As Yasi moved into the Australian region meteorological data from the weather station on Willis Island was used to help monitor the system Ahead of the system impacting the island staff battened down the buildings and were evacuated off the island by a helicopter during 1 February 27 28 Yasi subsequently passed directly over the weather station during 2 February where wind gusts of 185 km h 115 mph and a minimum pressure of 937 9 hPa 27 70 inHg were recorded before the meteorological equipment and communications failed 28 After the system passed over the island it became clear that the strong winds and storm surge had damaged the radar key observing systems as well as communications operational and life support infrastructure It was also noted that the system had altered the shape of the island and cleared most of its vegetation Most of the automated surface observing systems and communications were subsequently restored and became operational fifteen days after Yasi had passed over the island However the radar and life supporting systems took a bit longer to restore and were subsequently completed by the end of November before staff returned to the island during December 2011 29 Australia By the time Yasi crossed into Australian basin preparations for the storm were under way Media outlets referred to the storm as what could be the state s worst cyclone in history 30 Because of its great size many feared that the tropical cyclone could cause damage more severe than Cyclone Larry in 2006 or Cyclone Tracy which severely damaged Darwin in 1974 31 Thousands of residents in the path of the storm were urged to evacuate by Queensland Premier Anna Bligh 32 Thirty thousand people were evacuated from Cairns including all patients from Cairns Base Hospital and Cairns Private Hospital who were airlifted by the Royal Australian Air Force and other agencies such as the Royal Flying Doctor Service to Brisbane 33 The Queensland state emergency coordinator warned residents that they would be on their own for up to 24 hours as the conditions would be too dangerous for emergency responders 34 Waves as high as 12 m 39 37 ft were predicted to hit the north Queensland coast as the storm surge caused by Cyclone Yasi combined with a high tide of up to 7 m 23 ft above average 33 35 In Mission Beach near where Cyclone Yasi made landfall wind gusts were estimated to have reached 290 km h 180 mph leaving behind much damage 36 A storm surge estimated to have reached 7 m 23 ft destroyed several structures along the coast and pushed up to 300 m 980 ft inland 37 In the hours after the storm s passage police could not venture beyond their station grounds as the situation had yet to be declared safe Most of the beach had lost its sand and every structure was damaged to some degree Near sunrise on 3 February there were no reports of fatalities or injuries in Mission Beach 38 As the eye of the storm moved over several towns in Queensland news reporters took the opportunity to give brief damage assessments before the eyewall returned The worst affected areas were around Tully Tully Heads Silkwood Mission Beach Innisfail and Cardwell 39 According to residents in Tully the town was a scene of mass devastation An unknown number of homes were completely destroyed as intense winds estimated at 209 km h 130 mph battered the area Many other homes not destroyed sustained severe facade and or roof damage 40 As daybreak came reports from the town stated that about 90 of the structures along the main avenue sustained extensive damage 41 Downed power pole and lines on Kings Road in Townsville An evacuation centre in Innisfail began to flood as the worst of Yasi s impacts neared Evacuees were reportedly hammering boards at the bottom of doors to prevent water from further entering the structure Additionally concerns over the building s windows came about as they flexed amidst winds over 200 km h 120 mph 42 In Townsville numerous roofs were torn off buildings and sent hurtling down streets Many windows are believed to have been broken as residents reported the sound of glass breaking throughout the night as the storm moved through 43 In Tully the high school was destroyed and will need to be rebuilt 44 Numerous emergency calls were made by residents trapped in their homes near the height of the storm However their calls could not be acted upon as conditions were too dangerous for police to travel in One reported instance was of six people trapped in an apartment complex at Port Hinchinbrook near Cardwell who could not be evacuated The building was threatened by Yasi s storm surge which exceeded 3 m 9 8 ft The group were later reported to be safe 45 Around 10 30 pm local time on 2 February Premier Bligh stated that an estimated 90 000 structures including evacuation centres were without power 36 This figure rose to 170 000 by morning and officials stated that some residents may be without power for more than a month 46 The water supply system had failed in Townsville and there was only 24 hours supply while the water had run out at Magnetic Island in one day 47 Fears of total devastation to the banana and sugar cane crops arose as the storm struck land Initial estimates stated that damage to sugar cane alone could reach A 505 million 48 On 3 February total losses from the storm were estimated to reach A 3 5 billion US 3 54 billion this makes it the costliest cyclone to ever hit Australia not accounting for inflation 49 By 5 February A 2 billion US 2 03 billion was confirmed to have been lost in agriculture mining and local government 50 An additional A 1 billion has been lost in the tourism industry 51 One death was due to carbon monoxide poisoning by exhaust of a portable generator being used in a confined space at Bambaroo near Ingham 52 Two days after landfall severe flooding from the rains severed the Bruce Highway between Townsville and Ingham leaving a 10 kilometre backup of traffic 53 Many of those who evacuated the devastated areas including emergency workers were stranded 53 On 5 February the remnants of Yasi as a tropical low created torrential rain as rainfall of 140 mm 5 5 in was recorded in Terowie and Yongala 54 Flooding was widespread in towns of northern South Australia reaching even Renmark on the River Murray 54 In north west Victoria Mildura recorded the highest daily rainfall total on record with 142 mm 5 6 in and Lyndhurst a suburb of Melbourne recorded 180 mm 7 1 in of rain in the 24 hours falling up to 9am AEDT 22 00 UTC on 5 February 55 On 6 February the BOM reported that Ex Tropical Cyclone Yasi was 85 km 53 mi north of Yulara 56 and that heavy rains continued in the Alice Springs area The deluge also continued in northern South Australia as vast areas continued to get rain 57 Hallett had a record rainfall amount of 98 mm 3 9 in 57 Damaging winds with gusts of more than 90 km h hit Marla and Coober Pedy 57 More than 100 mm 3 9 in also fell at Arkaroola and Mt Dare 92 mm 3 6 in fell at Marree and 86 mm 3 4 in at Yunta 57 Even one week after the flooding rains areas that were affected had become completely isolated 58 At Challenger Gold Mine 150 people were isolated and emergency supplies had to be flown in Cattle Stations near Oodnadatta Glendambo and the world s largest at Anna Creek Station were all isolated 58 The Australian Defence Force ADF response was designated Operation Yasi Assist The ADF established Joint Task Force 664 based at Lavarack Barracks in Townsville and under the command of Brigadier Stuart Smith for operational command on 2 February 2011 59 See also Tropical cyclones portal Queensland portal2010 11 Australian region cyclone season Timeline of the 2010 11 Australian region cyclone season 2010 11 Queensland floods March 2010 Queensland floods Cyclone Althea Cyclone Tasha Cyclone Larry Cyclone Oswald Cyclone Ita Cyclone TracyReferences Qld prepares for most savage cyclone The Sydney Morning Herald Fairfax Media Australian Associated Press 31 January 2011 Archived from the original on 1 February 2011 Retrieved 1 February 2011 Tropical Cyclone Advice No 9 Bureau of Meteorology Australian Government 1 February 2011 Archived from the original on 20 January 2010 Retrieved 1 February 2011 Tropical Cyclone Advice Number 21 Bureau of Meteorology Australian Government 2 February 2011 Archived from the original on 20 January 2010 Retrieved 2 February 2011 Tropical Cyclone Technical Bulletin Bureau of Meteorology Australian Government 2 February 2011 Archived from the original on 27 January 2019 Retrieved 2 February 2011 a b c d e Severe Tropical Cyclone Yasi Bureau of Meteorology Australian Government February 2011 Archived from the original on 20 January 2017 Retrieved 7 August 2019 TROPICAL CYCLONE Threat Map Bureau of Meteorology Australian Government 2 February 2011 Archived from the original on 2 December 2018 Retrieved 2 February 2011 Cyclone Yasi to cost insurers A 3 5 billion forecaster Reuters 3 February 2011 Archived from the original on 8 March 2011 Retrieved 5 November 2011 Man in cyclone zone suffocates Sydney Morning Herald 4 February 2011 Archived from the original on 7 February 2011 Retrieved 6 February 2011 Tropical Disturbance Summary Fiji Meteorological Service 26 January 2011 Archived from the original on 21 July 2012 Retrieved 1 February 2011 Tropical Disturbance Summary Fiji Meteorological Service 27 January 2011 Archived from the original on 21 July 2012 Retrieved 1 February 2011 Tropical Disturbance Summary Fiji Meteorological Service 27 January 2011 Archived from the original on 27 January 2011 Retrieved 1 February 2011 Joint Typhoon Warning Centre 28 January 2011 Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Western and South Pacific Oceans United States Navy Archived from the original on 8 August 2010 Retrieved 1 February 2011 Joint Typhoon Warning Centre 29 January 2011 Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert United States Navy Archived from the original on 3 December 2010 Retrieved 1 February 2011 Joint Typhoon Warning Center 30 January 2011 Tropical Storm 11P Advisory 001 United States Navy Archived from the original on 3 December 2010 Retrieved 8 October 2017 a b Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A4 Fiji Meteorological Service 30 January 2011 Archived from the original on 30 January 2011 Retrieved 1 February 2011 Joint Typhoon Warning Center 30 January 2011 Tropical Storm 11P Advisory 002 United States Navy Archived from the original on 3 December 2010 Retrieved 1 February 2011 Tropical Disturbance Advisory Number A7 Fiji Meteorological Service 31 January 2011 Archived from the original on 3 December 2010 Retrieved 1 February 2011 Hurricane Warning 092 Fiji Meteorological Service 31 January 2011 Archived from the original on 19 October 2011 Retrieved 1 February 2011 a b Tropical Cyclone Yasi Best Track Joint Typhoon Warning Center 6 February 2011 Retrieved 26 May 2021 RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee 31 October 2022 Tropical Cyclone Operational Plan for the South East Indian Ocean and the Southern Pacific Ocean 2022 PDF Report World Meteorological Organization pp I 4 II 9 9 21 Retrieved 22 February 2023 Severe Weather Forecasting and Disaster Risk Reduction Full Demonstration Project SWFDDP Region Sub Project RA V Progress Report Number 1 For the period 1 October 2010 28 February 2011 PDF Report World Meteorological Organization 17 May 2011 Archived PDF from the original on 17 December 2013 Retrieved 18 January 2018 a b Vulnerability profile of Tuvalu PDF Report United Nations Conference on Trade and Development March 2012 Archived PDF from the original on 12 June 2018 Retrieved 17 January 2018 Climate Services Division 19 June 2012 Fiji Annual Climate Summary 2011 PDF Report Fiji Meteorological Service Archived PDF from the original on 19 October 2012 Retrieved 17 January 2018 Cyclone Yasi moves towards Australia Radio New Zealand International 31 January 2011 Retrieved 3 February 2011 Solomon Islands and Vanuatu appear to have avoided the worst of Cyclone Yasi Radio New Zealand International 2 February 2011 Archived from the original on 25 August 2012 Retrieved 3 February 2011 Staff writer 31 January 2011 PNG Solomons alert for cyclone bhYasi Radio Australia Australian Broadcasting Corporation Archived from the original on 5 February 2011 Retrieved 1 February 2011 2010 11 Bureau of Meteorology Annual Report PDF Australian Bureau of Meteorology Archived PDF from the original on 10 April 2020 Retrieved 11 April 2020 a b Monster cyclone knocks out weather radar Australian Broadcasting Corporation 2 February 2011 Archived from the original on 16 April 2018 Retrieved 18 January 2018 Back to business for Willis Island weather station Press release Australian Bureau of Meteorology 12 December 2011 Archived from the original on 31 October 2019 Stolz Greg Williams Brian Michael Peter 1 February 2011 Potentially very deadly event as Cyclone Yasi bears down on Queensland The Daily Telegraph News Limited Retrieved 1 February 2011 Malkin Bonnie 31 January 2011 Still reeling from flooding Queensland braces for worst ever storm The Daily Telegraph Archived from the original on 1 February 2011 Retrieved 31 January 2011 Newborn Jaime 31 January 2011 Premier Get out before Yasi hits Daily Mercury Archived from the original on 3 February 2011 Retrieved 31 January 2011 a b Madigan Michael Munro O Brien Jodie 2 February 2011 30 000 evacuated from Cairns as city braces for a pounding from Cyclone Yasi The Courier Mail News Limited Archived from the original on 1 February 2011 Retrieved 2 February 2011 Queenslanders told to stay put as Yasi closes in ABC Asia Pacific News Australian Broadcasting Corporation 2 February 2011 Archived from the original on 7 July 2011 Retrieved 2 February 2011 Nancarrow Dan 2 February 2011 Waves 12m high to lash coast Brisbane Times Fairfax Media Archived from the original on 4 February 2011 Retrieved 2 February 2011 dead link a b Yasi unleashing fury on Qld coast The Sydney Morning Herald 2 February 2011 Archived from the original on 2 February 2011 Retrieved 2 February 2011 Michael Peter 3 February 2011 Morning heralds the big clean up Herald Sun Archived from the original on 16 March 2011 Retrieved 3 February 2011 Berry Petrina 3 February 2011 Damage extensive in Mission Beach The Sydney Morning Herald Australian Associated Press Archived from the original on 2 February 2011 Retrieved 3 February 2011 Despair and relief in cyclone s wake ABC News 3 February 2010 Archived from the original on 4 February 2011 Retrieved 3 February 2011 Schwarten Evan 2 February 2011 Tully a scene of mass devastation The Sydney Morning Herald Australian Associated Press Archived from the original on 2 February 2011 Retrieved 2 February 2011 ONE News 3 February 2011 Yasi wreaks havoc but no fatalities TVNZ Archived from the original on 4 February 2011 Retrieved 3 February 2011 Australian Associated Press 2 February 2011 Windows flex water rushes into safe haven The Sydney Morning Herald Archived from the original on 4 February 2011 Retrieved 2 February 2011 Australian Associated Press 2 February 2011 Sheets of roof torn from shopping centre News au Archived from the original on 3 February 2011 Retrieved 2 February 2011 Packham Laura 7 February 2011 Cyclone Yasi destroys Tully High School The Cairns Post Archived from the original on 9 February 2011 Retrieved 7 February 2011 Six confirmed safe at Port Hinchinbrook ABC News 3 February 2011 Archived from the original on 4 February 2011 Retrieved 3 February 2011 Nancarrow Dan 3 February 2011 Power down for weeks after Yasi The Sydney Morning Herald Archived from the original on 4 February 2011 Retrieved 3 February 2011 Wright Tony 4 February 2011 Surviving a night in the depths of hell The Age Archived from the original on 5 February 2011 Retrieved 4 February 2011 Sugar price soars on US markets as Cyclone Yasi hits Queensland Herald Sun 3 February 2011 Archived from the original on 4 February 2011 Retrieved 3 February 2011 Cyclone Yasi to cost insurers A 3 5 bln forecaster Reuters 3 February 2011 Archived from the original on 5 February 2011 Retrieved 3 February 2011 Andrew Fraser 5 February 2011 Damages from Yasi to dwarf Larry s costs The Australian Archived from the original on 17 January 2012 Retrieved 5 February 2011 Geoffrey Rogow 5 February 2011 Australia Assesses Damage After Cyclone The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on 27 August 2016 Retrieved 5 February 2011 Staff writers 4 February 2011 Cyclone Yasi claims first victim The Age Archived from the original on 3 February 2011 Retrieved 4 February 2011 a b Wright Tony 5 February 2011 Surging floodwaters leave desperate families stranded on the road home Brisbane Times Archived from the original on 6 February 2011 Retrieved 5 February 2011 a b Watkins Emily Mennie Sarah 6 February 2011 Yasi bred storms hit southern states The Sunday Mail Adelaide Now Archived from the original on 7 February 2011 Retrieved 6 February 2011 Craig Natalie 6 February 2011 Bad luck and Yasi s tail behind the drenching The Age Archived from the original on 8 February 2011 Retrieved 6 February 2011 Issued at 11 00 pm CST Sunday 6 February 2011 SEVERE WEATHER WARNING for Flash flooding for people in the Alice Springs District Bureau of Meteorology Darwin 6 February 2011 Archived from the original on 15 August 2016 Retrieved 6 February 2011 a b c d Ken McGregor 7 February 2011 Desert rain records washed away Adelaide Now The Advertiser Archived from the original on 9 February 2011 Retrieved 7 February 2011 a b Mennie Sarah 13 February 2011 Outback flooding isolates hundreds The Sunday Mail Adelaide Now Archived from the original on 22 February 2011 Retrieved 13 February 2011 Defence forms joint cyclone taskforce AAP News 2 February 2011 permanent dead link External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cyclone Yasi 2011 Australian Bureau of Meteorology TCWC s Perth Darwin amp Brisbane Archived 12 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine Joint Typhoon Warning Center JTWC Archived 1 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine Tropical Cyclone Yasi at NASA Earth Observatory ABC News Tropical Cyclones explained Tropical Cyclone Yasi Feb 2011 snapshots of relevant webpages from 2011 Queensland Floods and Cyclone Yasi footage 2011 State Library of Queensland Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Cyclone Yasi amp oldid 1141831328, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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