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Child abductions in the Russian invasion of Ukraine

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russia has forcibly transferred thousands of Ukrainian children to areas under its control, assigned them Russian citizenship, forcibly adopted them into Russian families, and created obstacles for their reunification with their parents and homeland.[3] Evidence of this has been collected during investigations conducted by several international organizations and groups, including the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, The International Criminal Court, Amnesty International and Missing Children Europe, and by journalists for media outlets such as The Observer and Al Jazeera.[4][5] The United Nations has stated that these deportations constitute war crimes.[3][6] The International Criminal Court has issued arrest warrants for President Vladimir Putin (who has explicitly supported the forced adoptions, including by enacting legislation to facilitate them)[7] and Children's Rights Commissioner Maria Lvova-Belova for their alleged involvement.[8] According to international law, including the 1948 Genocide Convention, such acts constitute genocide if done with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a nation or ethnic group.[9][a]

Child abductions in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine
Part of the Russian invasion of Ukraine
LocationRussian-occupied territories of Ukraine
Date24 February 2022 (2022-02-24) – present
TargetUkrainian children
Attack type
Deaths464 as of 21 March 2023[1]
Victims16,000[1] – 307,000[2]
Perpetrators
LitigationInternational Criminal Court arrest warrants for Putin and Lvova-Belova

Ukrainian children have been abducted by the Russian state after their parents had been arrested by Russian occupation authorities or killed in the invasion,[10] or after becoming separated from their parents in an active war zone.[11] Children have also been abducted from Ukrainian state institutions in occupied areas, and through children's "summer camps" on Russian territory.[10] The abducted children have been subject to Russification;[7][11] raising children of war in a foreign nation and culture may constitute an act of genocide if intended to erase their national identity.[7]

Estimates of the number of children involved range from 16,000[1] to over 300,000.[2] The Office of the Ukrainian Prosecutor General said in December 2022 that nearly 800 had died or disappeared during the process of deportation.[1][failed verification]

Overview

Abductions

The vast majority of the abducted children have been abducted from southern and eastern Ukraine (Kherson, Kharkiv, Zaporizhzhia, Donetsk, Luhansk and Mykolaiv regions).[10]

Parental separation

Some children have been abducted after becoming separated from their parents while fleeing active war zones,[10][11] and some have been abducted after their parents were detained in filtration camps.[10]

State institutions

Children have been abducted from Ukrainian state-run institutions such as orphanages,[11][4][12] group homes,[11] care homes, hospitals,[12] and boarding schools;[13][11] many of the forcibly transferred children were taken from orphanages and group homes. Most children in the care of Ukrainian state institutions (including some of those in orphanages[14]) are not orphans but were only temporarily or permanently placed under the care of the state by parents facing personal hardships such as poverty, illness, or addiction. The Ukrainian state facilitates the voluntary temporary or permanent placement of children under the care of state institutions by parents.[11] Some 90% of Ukrainian children living under state care were thus "social orphans" – children with family members who are for various reasons unable to care for them.[10] The United Nations estimated that some 90,000 children resided in state-run homes in Ukraine prior to the 2022 invasion. Regardless of whether the children had living parents or were indeed wards of the state, such forced transfers during wartime likely constitute a war crime.[11]

Summer camp stays

Parents in Russian-occupied areas have been encouraged by Russian occupation authorities, Russian forces, and teachers to send their children to so-called "summer camps"[15] (in fact re-education camps for Ukrainian children) for a respite from the Russo-Ukrainian War. Some parents were pressured to allow their children to go to the camps, while others agreed in order to get their children out of an active war zone, or to take advantage of an opportunity to provide them a free trip (many families that agreed to send their children were economically disadvantaged) or better living conditions amid the ravages of war.[14]

Some of these children have been subsequently detained in the camps indefinitely, while others were returned weeks or months later than promised. Some parents who sent their children to the "summer camps" were subsequently told that their children would be returned only if their parents pick them up in person, but travel between Ukraine and Russia is difficult, dangerous and expensive, some camps are located far from Ukraine (including as far as Magadan Oblast in the Russian Far East, which abuts the Pacific coast), and many children are from low-income families that cannot afford the journey (some had to sell their belongings to afford the journey and travel through four countries to collect their children from the camps); even relatives granted power of attorney by parents are not allowed to collect the children, and all men (including parents) of ages between 18 and 60 are forbidden from leaving Ukraine as they are eligible for conscription and additionally risk "filtration" and possible persecution when attempting to enter Russia, so that in practice, in most cases only the mothers are able to retrieve the children. In some instances, camp officials said that the return of children was dependent upon Russia recapturing since liberated Ukrainian territory where the child's family lives, and one child was told that he would not be returned home due to his "pro-Ukrainian views". Some children were retrieved through intervention by the Ukrainian government. Parents' ability to communicate with their children during their stay in the camps has been curtailed, and parents have been denied information about their child's status.[14]

Allegations of maltreatment

According to witness testimonies obtained by the United Nations Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine, some of the children have experienced poor living conditions, inadequate care, and verbal abuse while living under the custody of the Russian state.[3] The Ukrainian government has claimed that some children have experienced sexual exploitation after being forcibly transferred to Russia.[16]

Russian policies

Adoptions

Russian law prohibits adoptions of children who are citizens of other countries by Russian citizens without the consent of the child's home country. In May 2022, Vladimir Putin signed a decree[7] facilitating the granting of Russian citizenship to Ukrainian children to enable their permanent adoption into Russian families - this change represents a legal obstacle to future reunification of the abducted children with their Ukrainian families[7][17] or their repatriation to Ukraine.[17]

The Russian government has created a register of Russian families that may adopt Ukrainian children, and a hotline for Russian families seeking to adopt Ukrainian children from Donbas. Adoptive families receive a cash payment for each adopted Ukrainian child that is granted Russian citizenship.[7] Lvova-Belova has suggested the creation of a database of Ukrainian (ostensible) orphans to improve matching of these children with prospective adoptive families in occupied Ukraine or Russia, and expressed a wish to systematise the adoption process.[17]

Russification

According to The New York Times, "Russian officials have made clear that their goal is to replace any childhood attachment to home with a love for Russia".[11] Upon arriving in Russia, the children are placed in homes and subjected to re-education.[18]

During the occupation of Novopskov, occupation authorities threatened to deprive parents of parental rights if their child did not attend a school with a Russian curriculum.[19]

Re-education camps

In 2022, the Russian government established a large-scale system of at least 43 children's camps in Russia and Russia-occupied Crimea (most of which previously served as children's summer resorts) the main purpose of which appears to be "integrating children from Ukraine into the Russian government's vision of national culture, history, and society", according to a report by Yale School of Public Health’s Humanitarian Research Lab. Children in such camps have been subjected to Russification, Russian state propaganda, and military education (including firearm training). Children have also been provided with formal education in accordance with Russia's educational standards (either at the camps or at local schools) in an effort to steer them towards attending university in Russia.[14]

Parents in Russian-occupied areas are encouraged or coerced to send their children to these camps (described to them as children's "summer camps") for a respite from the war, with the children subsequently subject to indoctrination during their stay and sometimes not returned to the parents as promised. Orphans, children from Ukrainian state institutions, and children who have become separated from their legal guardians due to the conflict are also sent to these camps before their eventual adoption and/or placement in foster care in Russia. At least 6,000 Ukrainian children have attended such camps; analysis of information from public accounts and satellite imagery has indicated the number of children housed in such camps to be far higher.[14]

All levels of the Russian government - federal, regional, and local - are involved in the operation of the camps, and their operation is also supported by Russian occupation authorities and proxies, and members of Russia's civil society and private sector. Vladimir Putin and Maria Lvova-Belova have promoted the camps.[14]

Propaganda

The domestic narrative of the Russian state is that abandoned children are rescued from the ravages of war by the magnanimous Russian state.[10][11][12] The forced transfer of Ukrainian children forms part of a broader propaganda strategy by Vladimir Putin attempting to portray Ukraine as part of the Russian nation, justify the invasion,[11] and bolster support for the war.[12] The Russian state has carefully crafted the portrayal of the forced transfers of children to the Russian public. Russian state television has broadcast footage of Russian officials handing out teddy bears to newly arrived abducted children, and Russian officials in Donetsk have invited reporters to events where gifts were handed out to abducted children.[11]

Preventing repatriation and family reunification

Many parents wish to reunite with their children (some do not, either due to financial reasons or previous estrangement). Russian authorities do not make any attempt to contact parents to notify them that their children are in the custody of the Russian state.[11] Likewise, they do not release any information regarding the identities of the transferred children, making it difficult for Ukrainian and international authorities to locate and identify the children.[10] The first and last names of the abducted children are changed, making it more difficult to track down and identify the children.[20][21] Even in cases where parents have successfully tracked down their children and formally applied to the Russian authorities to be reunited with them, Russian officials have attempted to pressure or persuade the parents and children to consent to transfer, promising creature comforts and a better life. In cases where parents (or other legal guardian) and children are unable to establish contact or parents are unable or unwilling to personally come collect the children, children are deported to Russia even if they personally express a desire to remain in Ukraine.[11] Abducted children have been lied to by Russian officials about their parents having abandoned them.[7][4]

History

Russia started transferring children from Ukrainian territories as early as 2014, the first year of the Russo-Ukrainian War.[7][22]

In early February 2022, Russia "evacuated" 500 supposed orphans from Donetsk Oblast to Russian territory, supposedly due to a risk of a Ukrainian attack on the seperatist Donetsk People's Republic.[14]

The first reports of forced deportations to Russia as part of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine came mid-March 2022, during the siege of Mariupol.[23] The same month, Russian children's rights commissioner Maria Lvova-Belova has stated that a group of Ukrainian children transferred to Russia from Mariupol had initially asserted their Ukrainian identity, but that it had since transformed into a love for Russia, saying that she had adopted one of the children herself.[7]

On 22 March 2022, Ukraine and U.S. authorities claimed more than 2,300 children had been kidnapped by Russian forces from the Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts.[24][25]

On 30 May 2022, Vladimir Putin signed a decree that streamlined the process of adopting Ukrainian orphans or those without parental care and giving them Russian citizenship.[7][26][27]

According to a May 2022 report by the Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights in Montreal and the New Lines Institute in Washington, there are "reasonable grounds to conclude" that Russia is in breach of two articles of the 1948 Genocide Convention, among them the forcible transfer of Ukrainian children to Russia, in itself a genocidal act.[9]

By 11 April, two-thirds of Ukraine's 7.5 million children had been displaced according to the U.N.[28] Ukraine's human rights commissioner, Lyudmila Denysova, and U.N. ambassador Sergiy Kyslytsya, stated at that time that more than 120,000 children had been deported to Russia.[29][28] By 26 May, more than 238,000 Ukrainian children were reported to have been deported to Russian territory.[26]

Ukraine raised the issue at a meeting of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) in early June, where the head of Ukraine's mission, Yevhenii Tsymbaliuk, quoted a message from a Ukrainian child who had been forcibly adopted despite having close living relations; addressed to his aunt, it read, in part, "They say I'm an orphan. But I'm not an orphan, I have you, I have grandparents. There are so many children like me here. They say they want to leave us in Russia. And I don't want to stay in Russia!"[30]

According to Ukrainska Pravda, Russia has taken 267 orphans from Mariupol to Rostov to be made Russian citizens, supervised by Maria Lvova-Belova. It also reported that Russian authorities had looked for and collected orphaned children, to be taken to an unknown destination.[31]

Sky News released CCTV footage dated June 2022 of Russian FSB officials entering an orphanage Kherson to search for orphans. Aware of the risk of child abductions, the staff hid the children prior to their arrival. Finding the orphanage empty, the FSB agents seized records, computers, and the CCTV system from the orphanage in an apparent effort to track down the missing children. Russian authorities subsequently sent abducted 15 children to be housed in the orphanage, only to be taken away by the Russian occupiers as they retreated from Kherson. Russian forces also successfully abducted children from a different Kherson orphanage, an eyewitness told Sky News.[32]

In June 2022, Mikhail Mizintsev, head of the National Defense Management Center, claimed 1,936,911 Ukrainians had been deported to Russia, of whom 307,423 were children.[33]

On 7 September a United Nations official reported that there were credible accusations that Russian forces had sent Ukrainian children to Russia for adoption as part of a forced deportation programme, and the US ambassador informed the UN Security Council that more than 1,800 Ukrainian children had been transferred to Russia in July alone.[34]

Child abduction during "filtration" procedures was documented in a 10 November 2022 Amnesty International report entitled "Russia’s Unlawful Transfer And Abuse Of Civilians In Ukraine During 'Filtration'". An 11-year-old boy testified to Amnesty International:[35]

They took my mom to another tent. She was being questioned... They told me I was going to be taken away from my mom... I was shocked... They didn’t say anything about where my mom was going. A lady from Novoazovsk [child protection] service said maybe my mom would be let go... I didn’t get to see my mom... I have not heard from her since.[35]

Reactions

 
A man dressed up as Vladimir Putin in central Helsinki, Finland

Ukraine

Ukrainian authorities have claimed Putin's decree to be a way to "legalize the abduction of children from the territory of Ukraine". They have maintained this "grossly violate[s]" the 1949 Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, and the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.[26]

The Foreign Ministry of Ukraine also believes that the actions may qualify as a forcible transfer of children from one human group to another.[26] In a statement: "The most serious international crimes against children committed by Russian high-ranking officials and servicemen in Ukraine will be investigated, and the perpetrators will be prosecuted. Russia will not be able to avoid the strictest accountability."[26]

United Nations

UNICEF Emergency Programs Director Manuel Fontaine told CBS News that UNICEF was "looking into how we can track or help on that", though stating they did not have ability to investigate at the moment.[28]

Michelle Bachelet, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, announced on 15 June 2022 that her agency had started an investigation into allegations of children forcibly deported from Ukraine to the Russian Federation.[36]

On 15 March 2023, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) released a report declaring these forced transfers of children are illegal and a war crime. It broadly gave three categories of deported children: those who lost contact with their parents due to the Russian invasion, those who were separated when their parents were sent to a Russian filtration camp, and those who were in institutions. The report concluded:

International humanitarian law prohibits the evacuation of children by a party to the armed conflict, with the exception of a temporary evacuation where compelling reasons relating to the health or medical treatment of the children or, except in occupied territory, their safety, so requires. The written consent of parents or legal guardians is required. In none of the situations which the Commission has examined, transfers of children appear to have satisfied the requirements set forth by international humanitarian law. The transfers were not justified by safety or medical reasons. There seems to be no indication that it was impossible to allow the children to relocate to territory under Ukrainian Government control... The Commission has concluded that the situations it has examined concerning the transfer and deportation of children, within Ukraine and to the Russian Federation respectively, violate international humanitarian law, and amount to a war crime.[6]

Civil society

On 21 December 2022, a French NGO, "For Ukraine, for their Freedom and Ours!", submitted via the law firm Vigo a communication to Karim Khan, Chief Prosecutor for the International Criminal Court, to contribute to "the investigation opened on 2 March 2022 by the Office of the Prosecutor, upon referral of the situation in Ukraine by a coordinated group of States Parties to the Rome Statute".[37] The communication "relates to the forcible transfer and large-scale deportation of Ukrainian children to Russia, in a clear attempt by the Russian authorities to erase, at least in part, Ukrainians as a national group with a distinct identity. These facts are likely to constitute several of the crimes listed in Article 5 of the Rome Statute, and more specifically the crime of genocide (Article 6-e) and crimes against humanity (Article 7-d)".

Genocide scholar Timothy D. Snyder tweeted: "Kidnapping children en masse and seeking to assimilate them in a foreign culture is genocide according to Article 2 Section E of the 1948 genocide convention."[38]

Sanctions

Russian children's rights commissioner Maria Lvova-Belova has been sanctioned by the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Canada and Australia.[7]

Arrest warrants

On 17 March 2023, the International Criminal Court issued arrest warrants for Putin and Lvova-Belova, alleging criminal responsibility for the unlawful deportation and transfer of population (children) from occupied areas of Ukraine to Russia.[39][40][41][42] It decided that they are covered by articles 8(2)(a)(vii) and article 8(2)(b)(viii) of the Rome Statute and intended by Russia as permanent.[42] The charges carry a potential life sentence.[40] It is the first time the court has issued an arrest warrant against the leader of a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council.[39] ICC Prosecutor Karim Khan said, "We must ensure that those responsible for alleged crimes are held accountable and that children are returned to their families and communities. We cannot allow children to be treated as if they are the spoils of war."[40]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Article II. In the present Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such: ...
    (e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.

Further reading

  • Russia’s systematic program for the re-education & adoption of Ukraine’s children - Conflict Observatory, Yale Humanitarian Research Lab, Yale University, February 2023

References

  1. ^ a b c d Діти війни [Children of War]. Ministry of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories (in Ukrainian). Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  2. ^ a b "'Deporting Ukrainian children and "Russifying" them is jeopardizing the future of Ukraine'". Le Monde. 5 August 2022. ISSN 1950-6244. OCLC 833476932. from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023. The forced displacement of minors in Russia is part of Vladimir Putin's project 'to erase the Ukrainian identity and nation,' say a group of intellectuals and child psychiatrists, including Bernard Golse and the anthropologist Véronique Nahoum-Grappe.
  3. ^ a b c Gozzi, Laura (16 March 2023). "Deportation of Ukrainian children to Russia is war crime - UN". BBC News. from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023. Russia's forced deportation of Ukrainian children to areas under its control amounts to a war crime, UN investigators have said.
  4. ^ a b c Vulliamy, Ed (18 March 2023). "'We had to hide them': how Ukraine's 'kidnapped' children led to Vladimir Putin's arrest warrant". The Observer. Kherson: Guardian Media Group. ISSN 0029-7712. OCLC 50230244. Archived from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 22 January 2023. Thousands have been taken to Russia for 'adoption' or 're-education', but the international community is seeking justice
  5. ^ Petrova, Sasha (1 July 2022). "Ukrainian children reported seized, missing amid war with Russia - Russia-Ukraine war News". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  6. ^ a b Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (15 March 2023), Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine (PDF), United Nations Secretariat, (PDF) from the original on 17 March 2023, retrieved 21 March 2023
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k El Deeb, Sarah; Shvets, Anastasiia; Tilna, Elizaveta (13 October 2022). "How Moscow grabs Ukrainian kids and makes them Russians". Associated Press. from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
  8. ^ Borger, Julian; Sauer, Pjotr (17 March 2023). "ICC judges issue arrest warrant for Vladimir Putin over alleged war crimes". The Guardian. Washington, D.C. ISSN 1756-3224. OCLC 60623878. from the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023. Arrest warrants issued for Russian leader and his children's rights commissioner for 'unlawful deportation' of Ukrainian children
  9. ^ a b Borger, Julian (27 May 2022). "Russia is guilty of inciting genocide in Ukraine, expert report concludes". The Guardian. Washington, D.C. ISSN 1756-3224. OCLC 60623878. from the original on 1 June 2022. Retrieved 21 March 2023. Report by 30 internationally recognised scholars finds 'reasonable grounds to conclude' Moscow in breach of Geneva Convention
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h Koshiw, Isobel (17 March 2023). "Putin's alleged war crimes: who are the Ukrainian children being taken by Russia?". The Guardian. Kyiv. ISSN 1756-3224. OCLC 60623878. from the original on 19 March 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023. What we know about the children behind the indictment of Vladimir Putin and his children's commissioner for abduction
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Bubola, Emma (22 October 2022). "Using Adoptions, Russia Turns Ukrainian Children Into Spoils of War". The New York Times. ISSN 1553-8095. OCLC 1645522. from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023. Thousands of Ukrainian children have been transferred to Russia. 'I didn't want to go,' one girl told The New York Times from a foster home near Moscow.
  12. ^ a b c d Santora, Marc; Bubola, Emma (18 March 2023). "Russia Signals It Will Take More Ukrainian Children, a Crime in Progress". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
  13. ^ Amos, Deborah (14 February 2023). "Russia deports thousands of Ukrainian children. Investigators say that's a war crime". Morning Edition. NPR. from the original on 18 March 2023. Retrieved 21 March 2023.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g "RUSSIA'S SYSTEMATIC PROGRAM FOR THE RE-EDUCATION & ADOPTION of UKRAINE'S CHILDREN - A CONFLICT OBSERVATORY REPORT". 2023.
  15. ^ Sullivan, Helen (15 February 2023). "Thousands of Ukrainian children put through Russian 're-education' camps, US report finds". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  16. ^ Sullivan, Helen (15 February 2023). "Thousands of Ukrainian children put through Russian 're-education' camps, US report finds". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  17. ^ a b c "Ukraine: "Like A Prison Convoy": Russia's Unlawful Transfer And Abuse of Civilians In Ukraine During 'Filtration'". Amnesty International. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  18. ^ Landler, Mark (17 March 2023). "Arrest Warrant From Criminal Court Pierces Putin's Aura of Impunity". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 18 March 2023.
  19. ^ "На Луганщині росіяни погрожують батькам, якщо діти не відвідують школи з програмою РФ". espreso.tv (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  20. ^ "Росіяни змінюють імена та прізвища депортованих дітей, що ускладнює їхній пошук, – правозахисники | ZMINA". zmina.info (in Ukrainian). 8 December 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  21. ^ "Депортація українських дітей до Росії: хронологія злочину". LB.ua. Retrieved 22 March 2023.
  22. ^ "HUDOC - European Court of Human Rights". hudoc.echr.coe.int. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  23. ^ Mark, Michelle (20 March 2022). "Thousands of residents in a besieged Ukrainian city were 'forcibly' taken to Russia, Mariupol city officials say". Business Insider. from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  24. ^ Sullivan, Rory (22 March 2022). "More than 2,300 children 'kidnapped' by Russian forces, says Ukraine". The Independent. ISSN 1741-9743. OCLC 185201487. from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 17 March 2023. Claim comes days after Mariupol authorities said thousands of its residents had been deported
  25. ^ Cohen, Rebecca (22 March 2022). "US Embassy accuses Russia of kidnapping children amid reports it's deporting thousands of Ukrainians by force". Insider. from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  26. ^ a b c d e "Putin's decree "legalizes" abduction of children from Ukraine – MFA". Ukrinform. 31 May 2022. from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  27. ^ Dawson, Bethany (9 April 2022). "Russia to fast-track adoptions of Ukrainian children 'forcibly deported' after their parents were killed by Putin's troops, authorities say". Business Insider. from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  28. ^ a b c Falk, Pamela (11 April 2022). "Almost two-thirds of Ukraine's 7.5 million children have been displaced in six weeks of war, U.N. says". CBS News. from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  29. ^ Ochab, Ewelina U. (10 April 2022). "Ukrainian Children Forcibly Transferred And Subjected To Illegal Adoptions". Forbes. from the original on 11 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  30. ^ "Ukraine at OSCE talks about abduction of children by Russians". Ukrinform. 2 June 2022. from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  31. ^ Zagorodnyi, Mykhailo (31 May 2022). "Invaders deport children from Mariupol and Volnovakha to Rostov Oblast, Russia: they want to turn them into Russian citizens". Ukrainska Pravda. from the original on 2 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  32. ^ Dominic Waghorn (22 December 2022). "CCTV shows chilling moment Russian FSB agents and soldiers scour Ukrainian orphanage for children". Sky News. from the original on 24 December 2022. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  33. ^ Petrenko, Roman (19 June 2022). "Russia says more than 300,000 Ukrainian children "deported"". Ukrainska Pravda. from the original on 5 July 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
  34. ^ "UN says 'credible' reports Ukraine children transferred to Russia". al Jazeera. 8 September 2022. from the original on 8 September 2022. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  35. ^ a b ""Like A Prison Convoy": Russia's Unlawful Transfer And Abuse of Civilians in Ukraine During 'Filtration'" (PDF). Amnesty International. London. 2022. pp. 6–7, 10–12. (PDF) from the original on 8 March 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  36. ^ "UN Probes Allegations Russians Adopting Ukrainian Children". Barron's. Agence France-Press. 15 June 2022. from the original on 15 July 2022. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
  37. ^ "French academics asks International Criminal Court to investigate deportation of Ukrainian children to Russia". Le Monde.fr. 21 December 2022. from the original on 20 February 2023. Retrieved 9 January 2023.
  38. ^ "Timothy D. Snyder on Twitter, 1 June 2022". from the original on 3 June 2022. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
  39. ^ a b Corder, Mike; Casert, Raf (17 March 2023). "ICC issues arrest warrant for Putin over Ukraine war crimes". Associated Press. from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  40. ^ a b c Michaels, Daniel (17 March 2023). "U.N. Court Issues Arrest Warrant for Russia's Putin And Another Kremlin Official". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  41. ^ "ICC issues arrest warrant for Putin on war crime allegations". Al Jazeera. 17 March 2023. from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  42. ^ a b Karim Ahmad Khan (17 March 2023), , Wikidata Q117194521, archived from the original on 17 March 2023

External links

  • "Russia abducting Ukrainian children, putting up for adoption in Russia". The Jerusalem Post. 17 October 2022.
  • Michela Moscufo; Britt Clennett; Angus Hines (22 November 2022). "Ukrainian families reunite with children they say Russia kidnapped, put up for adoption". US: ABC News.

child, abductions, russian, invasion, ukraine, been, suggested, that, arrest, warrants, vladimir, putin, maria, lvova, belova, merged, into, this, article, discuss, proposed, since, march, 2023, this, article, expanded, with, text, translated, from, correspond. It has been suggested that ICC arrest warrants for Vladimir Putin and Maria Lvova Belova be merged into this article Discuss Proposed since March 2023 This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Ukrainian March 2023 Click show for important translation instructions Machine translation like DeepL or Google Translate is a useful starting point for translations but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate rather than simply copy pasting machine translated text into the English Wikipedia Consider adding a topic to this template there are already 646 articles in the main category and specifying topic will aid in categorization Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low quality If possible verify the text with references provided in the foreign language article You must provide copyright attribution in the edit summary accompanying your translation by providing an interlanguage link to the source of your translation A model attribution edit summary is Content in this edit is translated from the existing Ukrainian Wikipedia article at uk Vikradennya ditej pid chas rosijskogo vtorgnennya v Ukrayinu 2022 see its history for attribution You should also add the template Translated uk Vikradennya ditej pid chas rosijskogo vtorgnennya v Ukrayinu 2022 to the talk page For more guidance see Wikipedia Translation During the Russian invasion of Ukraine Russia has forcibly transferred thousands of Ukrainian children to areas under its control assigned them Russian citizenship forcibly adopted them into Russian families and created obstacles for their reunification with their parents and homeland 3 Evidence of this has been collected during investigations conducted by several international organizations and groups including the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights The International Criminal Court Amnesty International and Missing Children Europe and by journalists for media outlets such as The Observer and Al Jazeera 4 5 The United Nations has stated that these deportations constitute war crimes 3 6 The International Criminal Court has issued arrest warrants for President Vladimir Putin who has explicitly supported the forced adoptions including by enacting legislation to facilitate them 7 and Children s Rights Commissioner Maria Lvova Belova for their alleged involvement 8 According to international law including the 1948 Genocide Convention such acts constitute genocide if done with intent to destroy in whole or in part a nation or ethnic group 9 a Child abductions in the 2022 Russian invasion of UkrainePart of the Russian invasion of UkraineLocationRussian occupied territories of UkraineDate24 February 2022 2022 02 24 presentTargetUkrainian childrenAttack typeDeportationforced displacementpopulation transferRussificationDeaths464 as of 21 March 2023 update 1 Victims16 000 1 307 000 2 PerpetratorsVladimir PutinMaria Lvova BelovaLitigationInternational Criminal Court arrest warrants for Putin and Lvova BelovaUkrainian children have been abducted by the Russian state after their parents had been arrested by Russian occupation authorities or killed in the invasion 10 or after becoming separated from their parents in an active war zone 11 Children have also been abducted from Ukrainian state institutions in occupied areas and through children s summer camps on Russian territory 10 The abducted children have been subject to Russification 7 11 raising children of war in a foreign nation and culture may constitute an act of genocide if intended to erase their national identity 7 Estimates of the number of children involved range from 16 000 1 to over 300 000 2 The Office of the Ukrainian Prosecutor General said in December 2022 that nearly 800 had died or disappeared during the process of deportation 1 failed verification Contents 1 Overview 1 1 Abductions 1 1 1 Parental separation 1 1 2 State institutions 1 1 3 Summer camp stays 1 2 Allegations of maltreatment 1 3 Russian policies 1 3 1 Adoptions 1 3 2 Russification 1 3 3 Re education camps 1 3 4 Propaganda 1 3 5 Preventing repatriation and family reunification 2 History 3 Reactions 3 1 Ukraine 3 2 United Nations 3 3 Civil society 4 Sanctions 5 Arrest warrants 6 See also 7 Notes 8 Further reading 9 References 10 External linksOverviewAbductions The vast majority of the abducted children have been abducted from southern and eastern Ukraine Kherson Kharkiv Zaporizhzhia Donetsk Luhansk and Mykolaiv regions 10 Parental separation Some children have been abducted after becoming separated from their parents while fleeing active war zones 10 11 and some have been abducted after their parents were detained in filtration camps 10 State institutions Children have been abducted from Ukrainian state run institutions such as orphanages 11 4 12 group homes 11 care homes hospitals 12 and boarding schools 13 11 many of the forcibly transferred children were taken from orphanages and group homes Most children in the care of Ukrainian state institutions including some of those in orphanages 14 are not orphans but were only temporarily or permanently placed under the care of the state by parents facing personal hardships such as poverty illness or addiction The Ukrainian state facilitates the voluntary temporary or permanent placement of children under the care of state institutions by parents 11 Some 90 of Ukrainian children living under state care were thus social orphans children with family members who are for various reasons unable to care for them 10 The United Nations estimated that some 90 000 children resided in state run homes in Ukraine prior to the 2022 invasion Regardless of whether the children had living parents or were indeed wards of the state such forced transfers during wartime likely constitute a war crime 11 Summer camp stays Parents in Russian occupied areas have been encouraged by Russian occupation authorities Russian forces and teachers to send their children to so called summer camps 15 in fact re education camps for Ukrainian children for a respite from the Russo Ukrainian War Some parents were pressured to allow their children to go to the camps while others agreed in order to get their children out of an active war zone or to take advantage of an opportunity to provide them a free trip many families that agreed to send their children were economically disadvantaged or better living conditions amid the ravages of war 14 Some of these children have been subsequently detained in the camps indefinitely while others were returned weeks or months later than promised Some parents who sent their children to the summer camps were subsequently told that their children would be returned only if their parents pick them up in person but travel between Ukraine and Russia is difficult dangerous and expensive some camps are located far from Ukraine including as far as Magadan Oblast in the Russian Far East which abuts the Pacific coast and many children are from low income families that cannot afford the journey some had to sell their belongings to afford the journey and travel through four countries to collect their children from the camps even relatives granted power of attorney by parents are not allowed to collect the children and all men including parents of ages between 18 and 60 are forbidden from leaving Ukraine as they are eligible for conscription and additionally risk filtration and possible persecution when attempting to enter Russia so that in practice in most cases only the mothers are able to retrieve the children In some instances camp officials said that the return of children was dependent upon Russia recapturing since liberated Ukrainian territory where the child s family lives and one child was told that he would not be returned home due to his pro Ukrainian views Some children were retrieved through intervention by the Ukrainian government Parents ability to communicate with their children during their stay in the camps has been curtailed and parents have been denied information about their child s status 14 Allegations of maltreatment According to witness testimonies obtained by the United Nations Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine some of the children have experienced poor living conditions inadequate care and verbal abuse while living under the custody of the Russian state 3 The Ukrainian government has claimed that some children have experienced sexual exploitation after being forcibly transferred to Russia 16 Russian policies Adoptions Russian law prohibits adoptions of children who are citizens of other countries by Russian citizens without the consent of the child s home country In May 2022 Vladimir Putin signed a decree 7 facilitating the granting of Russian citizenship to Ukrainian children to enable their permanent adoption into Russian families this change represents a legal obstacle to future reunification of the abducted children with their Ukrainian families 7 17 or their repatriation to Ukraine 17 The Russian government has created a register of Russian families that may adopt Ukrainian children and a hotline for Russian families seeking to adopt Ukrainian children from Donbas Adoptive families receive a cash payment for each adopted Ukrainian child that is granted Russian citizenship 7 Lvova Belova has suggested the creation of a database of Ukrainian ostensible orphans to improve matching of these children with prospective adoptive families in occupied Ukraine or Russia and expressed a wish to systematise the adoption process 17 Russification This section needs expansion You can help by adding to it March 2023 According to The New York Times Russian officials have made clear that their goal is to replace any childhood attachment to home with a love for Russia 11 Upon arriving in Russia the children are placed in homes and subjected to re education 18 During the occupation of Novopskov occupation authorities threatened to deprive parents of parental rights if their child did not attend a school with a Russian curriculum 19 Re education camps In 2022 the Russian government established a large scale system of at least 43 children s camps in Russia and Russia occupied Crimea most of which previously served as children s summer resorts the main purpose of which appears to be integrating children from Ukraine into the Russian government s vision of national culture history and society according to a report by Yale School of Public Health s Humanitarian Research Lab Children in such camps have been subjected to Russification Russian state propaganda and military education including firearm training Children have also been provided with formal education in accordance with Russia s educational standards either at the camps or at local schools in an effort to steer them towards attending university in Russia 14 Parents in Russian occupied areas are encouraged or coerced to send their children to these camps described to them as children s summer camps for a respite from the war with the children subsequently subject to indoctrination during their stay and sometimes not returned to the parents as promised Orphans children from Ukrainian state institutions and children who have become separated from their legal guardians due to the conflict are also sent to these camps before their eventual adoption and or placement in foster care in Russia At least 6 000 Ukrainian children have attended such camps analysis of information from public accounts and satellite imagery has indicated the number of children housed in such camps to be far higher 14 All levels of the Russian government federal regional and local are involved in the operation of the camps and their operation is also supported by Russian occupation authorities and proxies and members of Russia s civil society and private sector Vladimir Putin and Maria Lvova Belova have promoted the camps 14 Propaganda The domestic narrative of the Russian state is that abandoned children are rescued from the ravages of war by the magnanimous Russian state 10 11 12 The forced transfer of Ukrainian children forms part of a broader propaganda strategy by Vladimir Putin attempting to portray Ukraine as part of the Russian nation justify the invasion 11 and bolster support for the war 12 The Russian state has carefully crafted the portrayal of the forced transfers of children to the Russian public Russian state television has broadcast footage of Russian officials handing out teddy bears to newly arrived abducted children and Russian officials in Donetsk have invited reporters to events where gifts were handed out to abducted children 11 Preventing repatriation and family reunification Many parents wish to reunite with their children some do not either due to financial reasons or previous estrangement Russian authorities do not make any attempt to contact parents to notify them that their children are in the custody of the Russian state 11 Likewise they do not release any information regarding the identities of the transferred children making it difficult for Ukrainian and international authorities to locate and identify the children 10 The first and last names of the abducted children are changed making it more difficult to track down and identify the children 20 21 Even in cases where parents have successfully tracked down their children and formally applied to the Russian authorities to be reunited with them Russian officials have attempted to pressure or persuade the parents and children to consent to transfer promising creature comforts and a better life In cases where parents or other legal guardian and children are unable to establish contact or parents are unable or unwilling to personally come collect the children children are deported to Russia even if they personally express a desire to remain in Ukraine 11 Abducted children have been lied to by Russian officials about their parents having abandoned them 7 4 HistorySee also 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and Russian irredentism Russia started transferring children from Ukrainian territories as early as 2014 the first year of the Russo Ukrainian War 7 22 In early February 2022 Russia evacuated 500 supposed orphans from Donetsk Oblast to Russian territory supposedly due to a risk of a Ukrainian attack on the seperatist Donetsk People s Republic 14 The first reports of forced deportations to Russia as part of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine came mid March 2022 during the siege of Mariupol 23 The same month Russian children s rights commissioner Maria Lvova Belova has stated that a group of Ukrainian children transferred to Russia from Mariupol had initially asserted their Ukrainian identity but that it had since transformed into a love for Russia saying that she had adopted one of the children herself 7 On 22 March 2022 Ukraine and U S authorities claimed more than 2 300 children had been kidnapped by Russian forces from the Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts 24 25 On 30 May 2022 Vladimir Putin signed a decree that streamlined the process of adopting Ukrainian orphans or those without parental care and giving them Russian citizenship 7 26 27 According to a May 2022 report by the Raoul Wallenberg Centre for Human Rights in Montreal and the New Lines Institute in Washington there are reasonable grounds to conclude that Russia is in breach of two articles of the 1948 Genocide Convention among them the forcible transfer of Ukrainian children to Russia in itself a genocidal act 9 By 11 April two thirds of Ukraine s 7 5 million children had been displaced according to the U N 28 Ukraine s human rights commissioner Lyudmila Denysova and U N ambassador Sergiy Kyslytsya stated at that time that more than 120 000 children had been deported to Russia 29 28 By 26 May more than 238 000 Ukrainian children were reported to have been deported to Russian territory 26 Ukraine raised the issue at a meeting of the Organization for Security and Co operation in Europe OSCE in early June where the head of Ukraine s mission Yevhenii Tsymbaliuk quoted a message from a Ukrainian child who had been forcibly adopted despite having close living relations addressed to his aunt it read in part They say I m an orphan But I m not an orphan I have you I have grandparents There are so many children like me here They say they want to leave us in Russia And I don t want to stay in Russia 30 According to Ukrainska Pravda Russia has taken 267 orphans from Mariupol to Rostov to be made Russian citizens supervised by Maria Lvova Belova It also reported that Russian authorities had looked for and collected orphaned children to be taken to an unknown destination 31 Sky News released CCTV footage dated June 2022 of Russian FSB officials entering an orphanage Kherson to search for orphans Aware of the risk of child abductions the staff hid the children prior to their arrival Finding the orphanage empty the FSB agents seized records computers and the CCTV system from the orphanage in an apparent effort to track down the missing children Russian authorities subsequently sent abducted 15 children to be housed in the orphanage only to be taken away by the Russian occupiers as they retreated from Kherson Russian forces also successfully abducted children from a different Kherson orphanage an eyewitness told Sky News 32 In June 2022 Mikhail Mizintsev head of the National Defense Management Center claimed 1 936 911 Ukrainians had been deported to Russia of whom 307 423 were children 33 On 7 September a United Nations official reported that there were credible accusations that Russian forces had sent Ukrainian children to Russia for adoption as part of a forced deportation programme and the US ambassador informed the UN Security Council that more than 1 800 Ukrainian children had been transferred to Russia in July alone 34 Child abduction during filtration procedures was documented in a 10 November 2022 Amnesty International report entitled Russia s Unlawful Transfer And Abuse Of Civilians In Ukraine During Filtration An 11 year old boy testified to Amnesty International 35 They took my mom to another tent She was being questioned They told me I was going to be taken away from my mom I was shocked They didn t say anything about where my mom was going A lady from Novoazovsk child protection service said maybe my mom would be let go I didn t get to see my mom I have not heard from her since 35 Reactions A man dressed up as Vladimir Putin in central Helsinki Finland Ukraine Ukrainian authorities have claimed Putin s decree to be a way to legalize the abduction of children from the territory of Ukraine They have maintained this grossly violate s the 1949 Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War and the 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 26 The Foreign Ministry of Ukraine also believes that the actions may qualify as a forcible transfer of children from one human group to another 26 In a statement The most serious international crimes against children committed by Russian high ranking officials and servicemen in Ukraine will be investigated and the perpetrators will be prosecuted Russia will not be able to avoid the strictest accountability 26 United Nations UNICEF Emergency Programs Director Manuel Fontaine told CBS News that UNICEF was looking into how we can track or help on that though stating they did not have ability to investigate at the moment 28 Michelle Bachelet the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights announced on 15 June 2022 that her agency had started an investigation into allegations of children forcibly deported from Ukraine to the Russian Federation 36 On 15 March 2023 the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights OHCHR released a report declaring these forced transfers of children are illegal and a war crime It broadly gave three categories of deported children those who lost contact with their parents due to the Russian invasion those who were separated when their parents were sent to a Russian filtration camp and those who were in institutions The report concluded International humanitarian law prohibits the evacuation of children by a party to the armed conflict with the exception of a temporary evacuation where compelling reasons relating to the health or medical treatment of the children or except in occupied territory their safety so requires The written consent of parents or legal guardians is required In none of the situations which the Commission has examined transfers of children appear to have satisfied the requirements set forth by international humanitarian law The transfers were not justified by safety or medical reasons There seems to be no indication that it was impossible to allow the children to relocate to territory under Ukrainian Government control The Commission has concluded that the situations it has examined concerning the transfer and deportation of children within Ukraine and to the Russian Federation respectively violate international humanitarian law and amount to a war crime 6 Civil society On 21 December 2022 a French NGO For Ukraine for their Freedom and Ours submitted via the law firm Vigo a communication to Karim Khan Chief Prosecutor for the International Criminal Court to contribute to the investigation opened on 2 March 2022 by the Office of the Prosecutor upon referral of the situation in Ukraine by a coordinated group of States Parties to the Rome Statute 37 The communication relates to the forcible transfer and large scale deportation of Ukrainian children to Russia in a clear attempt by the Russian authorities to erase at least in part Ukrainians as a national group with a distinct identity These facts are likely to constitute several of the crimes listed in Article 5 of the Rome Statute and more specifically the crime of genocide Article 6 e and crimes against humanity Article 7 d Genocide scholar Timothy D Snyder tweeted Kidnapping children en masse and seeking to assimilate them in a foreign culture is genocide according to Article 2 Section E of the 1948 genocide convention 38 SanctionsRussian children s rights commissioner Maria Lvova Belova has been sanctioned by the United States the European Union the United Kingdom Canada and Australia 7 Arrest warrantsMain articles International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine and ICC arrest warrants for Vladimir Putin and Maria Lvova Belova On 17 March 2023 the International Criminal Court issued arrest warrants for Putin and Lvova Belova alleging criminal responsibility for the unlawful deportation and transfer of population children from occupied areas of Ukraine to Russia 39 40 41 42 It decided that they are covered by articles 8 2 a vii and article 8 2 b viii of the Rome Statute and intended by Russia as permanent 42 The charges carry a potential life sentence 40 It is the first time the court has issued an arrest warrant against the leader of a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council 39 ICC Prosecutor Karim Khan said We must ensure that those responsible for alleged crimes are held accountable and that children are returned to their families and communities We cannot allow children to be treated as if they are the spoils of war 40 See alsoAllegations of genocide of Ukrainians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine 2022 present Canadian Indian residential school system Schools to assimilate Indigenous children Sixties Scoop Canadian policy of taking Indigenous children from their parents and placed into adoption Cultural genocide Type of genocide Kidnapping of children by Nazi Germany Cultural genocide of children in Nazi Germany Lebensborn Nazi eugenics program Little Danes experiment 1951 Greenlandic social experiment Stolen Generations Indigenous Australian children forcibly acculturated into White Australian society War crimes in the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine Violations of the laws of war during the 2022 Russo Ukrainian WarPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Yemenite Children Affair Disappearance of thousands of children in 1950s IsraelNotes Article II In the present Convention genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy in whole or in part a national ethnical racial or religious group as such e Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group Further readingRussia s systematic program for the re education amp adoption of Ukraine s children Conflict Observatory Yale Humanitarian Research Lab Yale University February 2023References a b c d Diti vijni Children of War Ministry of Reintegration of Temporarily Occupied Territories in Ukrainian Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine Archived from the original on 19 March 2023 Retrieved 21 March 2023 a b Deporting Ukrainian children and Russifying them is jeopardizing the future of Ukraine Le Monde 5 August 2022 ISSN 1950 6244 OCLC 833476932 Archived from the original on 17 March 2023 Retrieved 21 March 2023 The forced displacement of minors in Russia is part of Vladimir Putin s project to erase the Ukrainian identity and nation say a group of intellectuals and child psychiatrists including Bernard Golse and the anthropologist Veronique Nahoum Grappe a b c Gozzi Laura 16 March 2023 Deportation of Ukrainian children to Russia is war crime UN BBC News Archived from the original on 18 March 2023 Retrieved 20 March 2023 Russia s forced deportation of Ukrainian children to areas under its control amounts to a war crime UN investigators have said a b c Vulliamy Ed 18 March 2023 We had to hide them how Ukraine s kidnapped children led to Vladimir Putin s arrest warrant The Observer Kherson Guardian Media Group ISSN 0029 7712 OCLC 50230244 Archived from the original on 19 March 2023 Retrieved 22 January 2023 Thousands have been taken to Russia for adoption or re education but the international community is seeking justice Petrova Sasha 1 July 2022 Ukrainian children reported seized missing amid war with Russia Russia Ukraine war News Al Jazeera Retrieved 22 March 2023 a b Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights 15 March 2023 Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine PDF United Nations Secretariat archived PDF from the original on 17 March 2023 retrieved 21 March 2023 a b c d e f g h i j k El Deeb Sarah Shvets Anastasiia Tilna Elizaveta 13 October 2022 How Moscow grabs Ukrainian kids and makes them Russians Associated Press Archived from the original on 20 March 2023 Retrieved 20 March 2023 Borger Julian Sauer Pjotr 17 March 2023 ICC judges issue arrest warrant for Vladimir Putin over alleged war crimes The Guardian Washington D C ISSN 1756 3224 OCLC 60623878 Archived from the original on 20 March 2023 Retrieved 21 March 2023 Arrest warrants issued for Russian leader and his children s rights commissioner for unlawful deportation of Ukrainian children a b Borger Julian 27 May 2022 Russia is guilty of inciting genocide in Ukraine expert report concludes The Guardian Washington D C ISSN 1756 3224 OCLC 60623878 Archived from the original on 1 June 2022 Retrieved 21 March 2023 Report by 30 internationally recognised scholars finds reasonable grounds to conclude Moscow in breach of Geneva Convention a b c d e f g h Koshiw Isobel 17 March 2023 Putin s alleged war crimes who are the Ukrainian children being taken by Russia The Guardian Kyiv ISSN 1756 3224 OCLC 60623878 Archived from the original on 19 March 2023 Retrieved 20 March 2023 What we know about the children behind the indictment of Vladimir Putin and his children s commissioner for abduction a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Bubola Emma 22 October 2022 Using Adoptions Russia Turns Ukrainian Children Into Spoils of War The New York Times ISSN 1553 8095 OCLC 1645522 Archived from the original on 18 March 2023 Retrieved 20 March 2023 Thousands of Ukrainian children have been transferred to Russia I didn t want to go one girl told The New York Times from a foster home near Moscow a b c d Santora Marc Bubola Emma 18 March 2023 Russia Signals It Will Take More Ukrainian Children a Crime in Progress The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 20 March 2023 Amos Deborah 14 February 2023 Russia deports thousands of Ukrainian children Investigators say that s a war crime Morning Edition NPR Archived from the original on 18 March 2023 Retrieved 21 March 2023 a b c d e f g RUSSIA S SYSTEMATIC PROGRAM FOR THE RE EDUCATION amp ADOPTION of UKRAINE S CHILDREN A CONFLICT OBSERVATORY REPORT 2023 Sullivan Helen 15 February 2023 Thousands of Ukrainian children put through Russian re education camps US report finds The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 17 March 2023 Sullivan Helen 15 February 2023 Thousands of Ukrainian children put through Russian re education camps US report finds The Guardian ISSN 0261 3077 Retrieved 17 March 2023 a b c Ukraine Like A Prison Convoy Russia s Unlawful Transfer And Abuse of Civilians In Ukraine During Filtration Amnesty International Retrieved 22 March 2023 Landler Mark 17 March 2023 Arrest Warrant From Criminal Court Pierces Putin s Aura of Impunity The New York Times ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 18 March 2023 Na Luganshini rosiyani pogrozhuyut batkam yaksho diti ne vidviduyut shkoli z programoyu RF espreso tv in Ukrainian Retrieved 22 March 2023 Rosiyani zminyuyut imena ta prizvisha deportovanih ditej sho uskladnyuye yihnij poshuk pravozahisniki ZMINA zmina info in Ukrainian 8 December 2022 Retrieved 22 March 2023 Deportaciya ukrayinskih ditej do Rosiyi hronologiya zlochinu LB ua Retrieved 22 March 2023 HUDOC European Court of Human Rights hudoc echr coe int Retrieved 19 March 2023 Mark Michelle 20 March 2022 Thousands of residents in a besieged Ukrainian city were forcibly taken to Russia Mariupol city officials say Business Insider Archived from the original on 3 June 2022 Retrieved 3 June 2022 Sullivan Rory 22 March 2022 More than 2 300 children kidnapped by Russian forces says Ukraine The Independent ISSN 1741 9743 OCLC 185201487 Archived from the original on 7 December 2022 Retrieved 17 March 2023 Claim comes days after Mariupol authorities said thousands of its residents had been deported Cohen Rebecca 22 March 2022 US Embassy accuses Russia of kidnapping children amid reports it s deporting thousands of Ukrainians by force Insider Archived from the original on 3 June 2022 Retrieved 3 June 2022 a b c d e Putin s decree legalizes abduction of children from Ukraine MFA Ukrinform 31 May 2022 Archived from the original on 3 June 2022 Retrieved 3 June 2022 Dawson Bethany 9 April 2022 Russia to fast track adoptions of Ukrainian children forcibly deported after their parents were killed by Putin s troops authorities say Business Insider Archived from the original on 3 June 2022 Retrieved 3 June 2022 a b c Falk Pamela 11 April 2022 Almost two thirds of Ukraine s 7 5 million children have been displaced in six weeks of war U N says CBS News Archived from the original on 3 June 2022 Retrieved 3 June 2022 Ochab Ewelina U 10 April 2022 Ukrainian Children Forcibly Transferred And Subjected To Illegal Adoptions Forbes Archived from the original on 11 June 2022 Retrieved 3 June 2022 Ukraine at OSCE talks about abduction of children by Russians Ukrinform 2 June 2022 Archived from the original on 3 June 2022 Retrieved 3 June 2022 Zagorodnyi Mykhailo 31 May 2022 Invaders deport children from Mariupol and Volnovakha to Rostov Oblast Russia they want to turn them into Russian citizens Ukrainska Pravda Archived from the original on 2 June 2022 Retrieved 3 June 2022 Dominic Waghorn 22 December 2022 CCTV shows chilling moment Russian FSB agents and soldiers scour Ukrainian orphanage for children Sky News Archived from the original on 24 December 2022 Retrieved 23 December 2022 Petrenko Roman 19 June 2022 Russia says more than 300 000 Ukrainian children deported Ukrainska Pravda Archived from the original on 5 July 2022 Retrieved 5 July 2022 UN says credible reports Ukraine children transferred to Russia al Jazeera 8 September 2022 Archived from the original on 8 September 2022 Retrieved 8 September 2022 a b Like A Prison Convoy Russia s Unlawful Transfer And Abuse of Civilians in Ukraine During Filtration PDF Amnesty International London 2022 pp 6 7 10 12 Archived PDF from the original on 8 March 2023 Retrieved 17 March 2023 UN Probes Allegations Russians Adopting Ukrainian Children Barron s Agence France Press 15 June 2022 Archived from the original on 15 July 2022 Retrieved 15 July 2022 French academics asks International Criminal Court to investigate deportation of Ukrainian children to Russia Le Monde fr 21 December 2022 Archived from the original on 20 February 2023 Retrieved 9 January 2023 Timothy D Snyder on Twitter 1 June 2022 Archived from the original on 3 June 2022 Retrieved 3 June 2022 a b Corder Mike Casert Raf 17 March 2023 ICC issues arrest warrant for Putin over Ukraine war crimes Associated Press Archived from the original on 17 March 2023 Retrieved 17 March 2023 a b c Michaels Daniel 17 March 2023 U N Court Issues Arrest Warrant for Russia s Putin And Another Kremlin Official The Wall Street Journal Archived from the original on 17 March 2023 Retrieved 17 March 2023 ICC issues arrest warrant for Putin on war crime allegations Al Jazeera 17 March 2023 Archived from the original on 17 March 2023 Retrieved 17 March 2023 a b Karim Ahmad Khan 17 March 2023 Statement by Prosecutor Karim A A Khan KC on the issuance of arrest warrants against President Vladimir Putin and Ms Maria Lvova Belova Wikidata Q117194521 archived from the original on 17 March 2023External links Russia abducting Ukrainian children putting up for adoption in Russia The Jerusalem Post 17 October 2022 Michela Moscufo Britt Clennett Angus Hines 22 November 2022 Ukrainian families reunite with children they say Russia kidnapped put up for adoption US ABC News Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Child abductions in the Russian invasion of Ukraine amp oldid 1146128557, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,

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