Burkhard Heim
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
|
Burkhard Heim (German: [haɪm]; 9 February 1925 – 14 January 2001) was a German theoretical physicist. He devoted a large portion of his life to the pursuit of his unified field theory, Heim theory.[1] One of his childhood ambitions was to develop a method of space travel, which contributed to his motivation to find such a theory.[2]
Burkhard Heim | |
|---|---|
| Born | 9 February 1925 |
| Died | 14 January 2001 (aged 75) |
| Nationality | German |
| Known for | Heim theory |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Physicist |
During World War II, Heim was conscripted into the air force. However, a previous essay about explosives led him to work briefly in a chemical laboratory as an explosives technician instead. An explosion in the laboratory caused by the mishandling of unstable compounds left him disabled. The accident left him without hands and mostly deaf and blind when he was 19. Because of this he had to use Krukenberg hands.
His behavior subsequently became progressively eccentric and reclusive.[1] Eventually, he retreated into almost total seclusion, concentrating on developing and refining his theory of everything.
Academic and work history
A large proportion of the 76 years of Heim's life was spent on theoretical physics and the formulation of his Heim theory.[2]
1940s
In 1943, Heim met Heisenberg, a German physicist involved in atom bomb research, and told him of his plan to use chemical implosion to facilitate an atomic explosion. This design was based on an idea he developed for a 'clean' hydrogen bomb when he was 18. Heisenberg was impressed by Heim's knowledge, but thought the approach would be impractical.[1]
At that point, Heim had to do military service in the German air force. He sent a paper on explosives to the Chemical-Technical 'Reichsanstalt' in Berlin, whereupon he was summoned to work there on the development of his proposed new explosives. It was here that he met with the accident that disabled him for life.[1]
In 1946, Heim registered to study physics at the University of Göttingen. He fulfilled his academic degree requirements with the help of companions. Afterwards, he continued to study a variety of topics including medicine, psychology, electronics, history and theology.[1][2]
1950s
In 1952, during the third congressional session of the International Astronautical Federation (IAF) in Stuttgart, Germany, Burkhard Heim presented his theory for interplanetary propulsion under the title of "Die dynamische Kontrabarie als Lösung des astronomischen Problems" (The Dynamic Kontrabarie as Solution of the Astronautical Problem).[3] It was the first time the idea of gravitational, electromagnetic, weak, and strong forces were treated as distortions of their proper Euclidean metrics in a higher-dimensional space.[4] A brief description of Heim's lecture was recorded in the proceedings of the Society for Space Research.[5][6]
In 1954, he began to study under Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker in Göttingen.[1] He wrote his diploma thesis on physical processes in the Crab Nebula Supernova. After this, he began to work at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics in Göttingen. However, he soon found it extremely difficult to work in a team due to his disabilities. Von Weizsäcker also did not want to burden Heim with the development of a unified field theory. However, this was essentially his primary interest.[1]
Also, his second IAF presentation was given in 1954, Innsbruck, Austria, during its fifth congress. News about his presentations may have been relayed to the United States by the American representatives, Frederick C. Durant III and Andrew G. Haley, who were serving as president and Vice President, respectively, of the IAF during its fifth congress.[7][8]
During the 1955 holiday week of Thanksgiving Day, the New York Herald Tribune, and The Miami Herald carried announcements about the completion of contractual arrangements between Burkhard Heim and Glenn L. Martin Company. Heim was to assist them with their gravity control propulsion project.[9][10] The news about Heim's contract was among several revelations that had been published during the period of intensified United States gravity control propulsion research (1955 - 1974).[9]
In 1956, Heim completed a 27-page progress report. Copies of it and its English translation were archived at the Gravity Research Foundation.[11] It had summarized his philosophy (syntrometry) and his theory (Principle of Dynamic Contrabarie) for coupling general relativity with quantum dynamics for propulsion applications.[12] Sample calculations for an expedition from the surface of the Earth to the surface of the planet Mars appeared at the end of Heim's progress report. His six-dimensional meso-field-equations required only 285 kg of fuel to be expended to propel a manned vehicle, with the empty weight of fifty tons, on a round trip lasting only 336 hours. Those calculations allowed 111 hours for interplanetary travel, 100 hours to explore Mars, and fourteen hours to perform engine overhaul and launch preparations. His endothermic process required a maximum cooling rate of 1.2 GW.[11]
In November 1957, Heim delivered a lecture about his propulsion theory to the Deutschen Gesellschaft für Raketentechnik und Raumfahrt (German Society for Rocket Technology and Space Travel), Frankfurt.[1] Subsequently, Wernher von Braun sought his comments on various aerospace projects.[2] According to von Ludwiger, an audiotape of Heim's presentation had been prepared for shipment to America.[1]
In 1959, Heim completed his first publication in the obscure German journal Zeitschrift für Flugkörper (Magazine for Missiles).[13] It carried a series of four articles about his theory.[14][15][16][17] The series of papers carried claims and sample calculations that were similar to his 1956 progress report at the Gravity Research Foundation. Heim discussed "the principle of the dynamic Kontrabarie" in which he examined how a field drive would be more effective than the best chemical drive for rockets. These papers remained ambiguous on the fundamental concepts underlying his theory of the field drive, likely due to the necessity to complete the calculations on the extra fields of his field theory. These calculations were not performed until a few years later.[14]
Heim was very mindful of keeping his work from others and worried about plagiarism.[1] In particular, he saw some colleagues as possible plagiarists. One other reason for his distrust of others was due to a colleague who embezzled donations from a society he founded in 1959. (The Institut für Kraftfeldphysik e.V. was intended to develop test models of his propulsion concepts.)[1]
Heim stopped work on the propulsion aspect of his theory in 1959. Neither failures nor flaws had made Heim discontinue his propulsion research – it was the unbridled interest of unsavory firms.[14] The preface by Helmut Goeckel to Heim's first paper in the series of four articles published by Magazine for Missiles indicated various aerospace and ordnance companies had made several attempts to kidnap him. Subsequently, the remainder of his life was devoted to refining the unified field attributes of his theory.[2]
1960s
In the late 1950s and early 1960s there were a number of reports on Heim in magazines and tabloids such as Le Figaro, Bunte Illustrierte, Quick and Stern. The magazine le Figaro remarked, on 15 January 1969, that he was an "inhuman robot".[1] Also, the main German TV station, ARD, ran reports and interviews with Heim. It was speculated that Heim was likely to make a breakthrough, either in fundamental physics or propulsion theory.
On 17 November 1969 Heim reported the progress he had made towards developing his unified field theory to Messerschmitt-Bölkow-Blohm (MBB). Pascual Jordan and Gebhard Lyra were among the small body of scientists who attended that colloquium. Jordan wrote Heim a letter on 22 December 1969 encouraging him to publish his theory.[1]
1970s
Ludwig Bölkow encouraged Heim to enhance his theory.[2] On 25 November 1976 Heim publicly introduced, for the first time, his completed unified field theory in a presentation to MBB engineers.[18] It included the methodology for calculating the mass spectrum of elementary particles. Pursuant to recommendations by Werner Heisenberg's successor, Hans-Peter Dürr, Heim published his unified field theory summary, the following year, in an article entitled Recommendations of a Way to a Unified Description of Elementary Particles in the Max Planck Institute journal Zeitschrift für Naturforschung.[19] This was the first publication of his theory in a peer reviewed scientific journal.
1980s
In 1982 Heim's mass formula was programmed on a computer at the German Electron Synchrotron DESY in Hamburg with the assistance of some resident scientists.[2] Up to that point, Heim had not yet confided in other theoretical physicists on the details of the mass formula derivation. Hence, the DESY results were not widely published and disseminated for academic scrutiny. That year Walter Dröscher, a theorist at the Vienna Patent Office, began to work with Heim. The first result of their collaboration cumulated in the second volume of Heim's major work, appearing in 1984.[2]
2000s
Heim died in Northeim in 2001 at age 75.
In 2004, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) awarded the winning paper in the nuclear and future flight field to a retired Austrian patent officer named Walter Dröscher and Jochem Häuser, a physicist and professor of computer science at the University of Applied Sciences in Salzgitter, Germany. They turned the theoretical framework of Burkhard Heim into a proposal for an experimental test for a propulsion device that is thought to theoretically be able to travel at rates faster than the speed of light. Hans Theodor Auerbach, a theoretical physicist and someone who has worked alongside Heim has stated that, "As far as I understand it, Heim theory is ingenious," and, "I think that physics will take this direction in the future".[2][20]
In 2008, the AIAA Nuclear and Future Flight Propulsion Technical Committee published the following statement:
- Much research was conducted this year on the investigation of the experimental basis of the existence of gravity-like fields that cannot be described by conventional gravitation; that is, by the accumulation of mass. Investigations emphasized a geometrized approach termed Extended Heim Theory, which extends Einstein's idea of geometrization of physics by employing the additional concepts of Heim.[21]
Life and health
Heim had to undergo a series of at least 50 operations after a laboratory explosion that had resulted in the loss of both of his hands.[22] He had found that intense concentration on the study of Einstein's relativity theory had helped him control the pain in his arms mentally and physically.
The loss of his hands and serious diminution of his eyesight apparently resulted in Heim acquiring an eidetic, acoustic memory. He was claimed to rarely forget a formula if he heard it recited, and was said to be able to learn a language in a matter of days. He married a former concert singer from Prague in 1950 named Gerda.
Heim theory and the physics community
Heim achieved some media renown in the 1950s and 1960s, but his ideas have never been well-accepted in the physics community. A significant portion of Heim's work has not been published in rigorously peer reviewed journals. Heim's theory also predicts the existence of two hypothetical neutrinos, which have been shown not to exist by experiments at the Large Electron–Positron Collider.[23][24]
Heim and Cocteau
Jean Cocteau created a drawing with Einstein, Newton and Copernicus under the mystic "Eye of Heim".[25]
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m von Ludwiger, Illobrand (28 January 2001). "Zum Tode des Physikers Burkhard Heim" (in German). Feldkirchen-Westerham.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Lietz, Haiko (5 January 2006). "Take a leap into hyperspace". New Scientist. Vol. 189, no. 2533.
- ^ Weyl, A. R. (October 1957). "Anti-gravity". Aeronautics. British Aviation Publications. 37 (2): 80–86.
- ^ Dröscher, W.; Häuser, J. (July 2002). Physical principles of advanced space propulsion based on Heim's field theory (PDF). 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. Indianapolis, Indiana: AIAA. 2002-4094. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- ^ Weyl, A. R. (January 1959) [1958]. "Knowledge and possibilities of gravity research". Weltraumfahrt; Zeitschrift für Rakententechnik (in German). Vol. 9. Translated by W. R. Eichler. pp. 100–106. DTIC No. AD-0830247.
- ^ Weyl, A. R (February 1959). "Gravity and the prospects for astronautics". Aeronautics. British Aviation Publications. 59 (6): 16–22.
- ^ Ley, W. (1969). Rockets, Missiles, and Men in Space. New York, NY: Signet Books, published by The New American Library, Incorporated. pp. 587–591. LCCN 67-20676.
- ^ Cisco, T. A. (18 February 2006). "Testing Heim's theories". New Scientist. Vol. 189, no. 2539. p. 27.
- ^ a b Talbert, A. E. (30 November 1955). "Conquest of gravity aim of top scientists in U.S.". New York Herald-Tribune. pp. 1, 36.
- ^ Talbert, A. E. (30 November 1955). "Scientists taking first steps in assault on gravity barrier". The Miami Herald. pp. 1, 2–A.
- ^ a b Heim, B. (1956). Bericht über die Entwicklung des Prinzips der dynamischen Kontrabarie [A report on the development of the principle of dynamic contrabarie] (in German). New Boston, New Hampshire: Gravity Research Foundation.
- ^ Watson, J. T. (February 1961). Gravitational control research (Master's). DTIC No. AD-0253588.
- ^ Robertson, G. A.; Murad, P. A.; Davis, E. (2008). "New frontiers in space propulsion sciences". Energy Conversion and Management. 49 (3): 436–452. doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2007.10.013.
- ^ a b c Heim, B. (1959). "Das Prinzip der dynamischen Kontrabarie". Zeitschrift für Flugkörper (in German). 1 (4): 100–02.
- ^ Heim, B. (1959). "Das Prinzip der dynamischen Kontrabarie (II)". Zeitschrift für Flugkörper (in German). 1 (6): 164–66.
- ^ Heim, B. (1959). "Das Prinzip der dynamischen Kontrabarie (III)". Zeitschrift für Flugkörper (in German). 1 (7): 219–21.
- ^ Heim, B. (1959). "Das Prinzip der dynamischen Kontrabarie (IV)". Zeitschrift für Flugkörper (in German). 1 (8): 244–48.
- ^ Heim, Burkhard (2008) [1976]. Basic Thoughts on a unified field theory of matter and gravity (Version 1.2) (PDF) (Speech). MBB presentation. Translated by Jim Graham; John Reed. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
- ^ Heim, B. (1977). "Vorschlag eines Weges einer einheitlichen Beschreibung der Elementarteilchen". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung (in German). 23a: 233–243. doi:10.1515/zna-1977-3-404. S2CID 100902276.
- ^ "Guidelines For A Space Propulsion Device Based On Heim's Quantum Theory" (PDF). HPCC-Space GmbH.
- ^ Donahue, B.; Moton-Nkhata, T.; the AIAA Nuclear & Future Flight Propulsion Committee (December 2008). "Nuclear and future flight propulsion" (PDF). Aerospace America: 57–59.
- ^ "CHERCHEURS, THEORICIENS H-P". QUANT'HOMME (in French). 12 March 2009. Retrieved 21 March 2022.
Victim of a laboratory accident during the Second World War, Burkhard Heim had both hands amputated. He was also suffering from advanced deafness and almost total blindness. It took more than 50 operations to restore some of his abilities.
- ^ Posdzech, Olaf. "Burkhard Heim, a biography".
- ^ L3 Collaboration (1992). "Determination of the Number of Light Neutrino Species". Physics Letters B. 292 (3–4): 463–471. Bibcode:1992PhLB..292..463A. doi:10.1016/0370-2693(92)91204-M. hdl:2066/26827.
- ^ von Ludwiger (2006). (in German). Archived from the original on June 24, 2006.
External links
Biographies
- Posdzech, Olaf. "Burkhard Heim, a biography".
- Posdzech, Olaf. "Über Burkhard Heim" (in German). The above in original German.
Magazine articles
- Cisco, T. A. (18 February 2006). "Testing Heim's theories". New Scientist. Vol. 189, no. 2539. p. 27. One of the subsequent letters to the New Scientist Editor
- "Welcome to Mars express: only a three hour trip". The Scotsman. 5 January 2006. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
Blog articles
- fathercrow (13 January 2006). "Sci-Fi: The Flame of Infinite Possibility". WORDS OF FIRE, INK OF BLOOD. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
Institutions researching fields in which Heim had an interest
- . Archived from the original on July 20, 2015. Retrieved July 7, 2015.