Baiju Noyan or Baichu (Mongolian: ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ; Persian: بایجو نویان; Chinese: 拜住; pinyin: Bàizhù; in European sources: Bayothnoy; fl. died c. 1258) was a Mongol commander in Persia, Armenia, Anatolia and Georgia. He was appointed by Ögedei Khan to succeed Chormagan. He was the last direct imperial governor of the Mongol Near East; after his death Hulagu's descendants inherited domains he once commanded.
Baiju belonged to Besut tribe of Mongols and was a relative of Jebe. His father was a mingghan commander under Genghis Khan and he inherited this contingent upon his death.[1]
Careeredit
Baiju was a second-in-command of Chormaqan and took part in an attack on Jalal ad-Din near Isfahan in 1228. After Chormaqan's paralysis in 1241, Baiju took over his troops and became a tümen commander by appointment of Ögedei Khan.[2] After Ögedei's death, Baiju started to take orders from Batu, former's nephew. Baiju immediately moved against the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm, weakening its power at the Battle of Köse Dağ on 26 June 1243. After this battle, the Sultanate became a vassal state of the Mongol Empire and was forced to release David VII Ulu. Baiju demanded the submission of Principality of Antioch too in 1244.[3] He made a raid on Abbasid Caliphate in 1245.[4] He also led Mongol tumens to raid Syria in 1246.
He received ambassadors from Pope Innocent IV in 1247. Embassy was headed by Ascelin of Lombardy and found him at Sisian, on 24 May 1247. Embassy's disrespect and Ascelin's refusal to triple genuflection angered Baiju, he insulted the pope and demanded his submission as well.[5] Ascelin left for Rome on 24 July 1247. Meanwhile he was replaced by new khagan Güyük with Eljigidei. His next two attempts to invade the Abbasid Caliphate in Iraq met less success in 1249–50. He again rose to prominence as Eljigidei and his entire family were purged by Batu for his opposition to election of Möngke Khan in 1251.
Under Baiju in the 1240s and 1250s, the Mongols retained their power in what is roughly modern-day Iran, and tolerated the independence of the Sultanate, Georgia, and petty states in Iran as clients, interfering with dynastic succession and extracting tribute militarily as necessary. However, the Abbasids in Baghdad and the Assassins in the Elbruz mountains maintained their independence until the coming of Hülegü, Möngke's brother, in 1255. Baiju was supposedly reproached by Hulegu for failing to extend Mongol power further, and, indeed, was replaced by him as supreme commander as early as 1255, but served under him ably in further campaigns: against the Sultanate of Rum (to extract tribute and replace the sultan Kaykavus II) in 1256, in the assault on Baghdad in 1258, and in the advance on Syria towards Egypt[citation needed] in September 1259.
It is unclear what happened to Baiju after that: when the Mongol force was heavily depleted by the departure of Hülegü in 1260, the force that remained was commanded by Kitbuqa. According to various sources Baiju was executed by Hülegü after the capture of Baghdad due to his hesitation to join Hulagu during the campaign and his secret correspondence with Caliph Al-Musta'sim.[6]
Portrayal in mediaedit
2015–2016 — Portrayed by Barış Bağcı in Turkish historical drama series Diriliş: Ertuğrul where he was referred to as Noyan, although Noyan was traditionally implemented as a Mongol military title.
Hope, Michael (2016), Power, Politics, and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the Īlkhānate of Iran, Oxford University Press, ISBN9780198768593
Roux, Jean-Paul (2006), Les explorateurs au Moyen-Age, Fayard (published 1985), ISBN2-01-279339-8
April 27, 2024
baiju, noyan, other, uses, baiju, disambiguation, baichu, mongolian, ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ, ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ, persian, بایجو, نویان, chinese, 拜住, pinyin, bàizhù, european, sources, bayothnoy, died, 1258, mongol, commander, persia, armenia, anatolia, georgia, appointed, ögedei, khan, su. For other uses see Baiju disambiguation Baiju Noyan or Baichu Mongolian ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨ Persian بایجو نویان Chinese 拜住 pinyin Baizhu in European sources Bayothnoy fl died c 1258 was a Mongol commander in Persia Armenia Anatolia and Georgia He was appointed by Ogedei Khan to succeed Chormagan He was the last direct imperial governor of the Mongol Near East after his death Hulagu s descendants inherited domains he once commanded Baiju Noyanᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠨᠣᠶᠠᠨAscelin of Lombardia receiving a letter from Pope Innocent IV left and remitting it to the Mongol general Baiju right Viceroy of Mongol Empire in Near EastIn office 1241 1247Appointed byOgedeiPreceded byChormaqanSucceeded byEljigideiIn office 1251 1255Appointed byMongkePreceded byEljigideiSucceeded byHulaguPersonal detailsDiedc 1258Military serviceBattles warsBattle of Kose Dag Siege of Baghdad 1258 Contents 1 Background 2 Career 3 Portrayal in media 4 Notes 5 ReferencesBackground editBaiju belonged to Besut tribe of Mongols and was a relative of Jebe His father was a mingghan commander under Genghis Khan and he inherited this contingent upon his death 1 Career editBaiju was a second in command of Chormaqan and took part in an attack on Jalal ad Din near Isfahan in 1228 After Chormaqan s paralysis in 1241 Baiju took over his troops and became a tumen commander by appointment of Ogedei Khan 2 After Ogedei s death Baiju started to take orders from Batu former s nephew Baiju immediately moved against the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum weakening its power at the Battle of Kose Dag on 26 June 1243 After this battle the Sultanate became a vassal state of the Mongol Empire and was forced to release David VII Ulu Baiju demanded the submission of Principality of Antioch too in 1244 3 He made a raid on Abbasid Caliphate in 1245 4 He also led Mongol tumens to raid Syria in 1246 He received ambassadors from Pope Innocent IV in 1247 Embassy was headed by Ascelin of Lombardy and found him at Sisian on 24 May 1247 Embassy s disrespect and Ascelin s refusal to triple genuflection angered Baiju he insulted the pope and demanded his submission as well 5 Ascelin left for Rome on 24 July 1247 Meanwhile he was replaced by new khagan Guyuk with Eljigidei His next two attempts to invade the Abbasid Caliphate in Iraq met less success in 1249 50 He again rose to prominence as Eljigidei and his entire family were purged by Batu for his opposition to election of Mongke Khan in 1251 Under Baiju in the 1240s and 1250s the Mongols retained their power in what is roughly modern day Iran and tolerated the independence of the Sultanate Georgia and petty states in Iran as clients interfering with dynastic succession and extracting tribute militarily as necessary However the Abbasids in Baghdad and the Assassins in the Elbruz mountains maintained their independence until the coming of Hulegu Mongke s brother in 1255 Baiju was supposedly reproached by Hulegu for failing to extend Mongol power further and indeed was replaced by him as supreme commander as early as 1255 but served under him ably in further campaigns against the Sultanate of Rum to extract tribute and replace the sultan Kaykavus II in 1256 in the assault on Baghdad in 1258 and in the advance on Syria towards Egypt citation needed in September 1259 It is unclear what happened to Baiju after that when the Mongol force was heavily depleted by the departure of Hulegu in 1260 the force that remained was commanded by Kitbuqa According to various sources Baiju was executed by Hulegu after the capture of Baghdad due to his hesitation to join Hulagu during the campaign and his secret correspondence with Caliph Al Musta sim 6 Portrayal in media edit2015 2016 Portrayed by Baris Bagci in Turkish historical drama series Dirilis Ertugrul where he was referred to as Noyan although Noyan was traditionally implemented as a Mongol military title Notes edit May 2016 p 67 Hope 2016 p 96 BAYJu Encyclopaedia Iranica www iranicaonline org Encyclopaedia Iranica Retrieved 2020 04 23 May 2016 p 68 Roux 2006 pp 97 98 Erken Donem Memluk Tarihcilerinin Bagdat in Mogollar Tarafindan Istilasiyla Alakali Rivayet ve Yorumlari Islam Medeniyetinde Bagdat Uluslararasi Sempozyumu 7 9 Kasim 2008 Istanbul Fatih Yahya AYAZ PDF Archived from the original PDF on 7 August 2016 Retrieved 4 November 2015 References editMohammed Amirul Islam Illustrated History of the Middle Ages 1250 1520 Claude Cahen Pre Ottoman Turkey Rene Grousset The Empire of the Steppes May Timothy 2016 The Mongol Empire A Historical Encyclopedia vol 1 ABC CLIO ISBN 9781610693400 https turkeytravelplanner com Hope Michael 2016 Power Politics and Tradition in the Mongol Empire and the ilkhanate of Iran Oxford University Press ISBN 9780198768593 Roux Jean Paul 2006 Les explorateurs au Moyen Age Fayard published 1985 ISBN 2 01 279339 8 Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Baiju Noyan amp oldid 1214446923, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
