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BHP

BHP Group Limited (formerly known as BHP Billiton) is an Australian multinational mining and metals public company headquartered in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

BHP Group Limited
BHP Office Tower in Perth, Western Australia
TypePublic limited company
ISINAU000000BHP4
IndustryMetals and Mining
Founded13 August 1885 (as the Broken Hill Proprietary Company)
29 June 2001 (as BHP Billiton)
HeadquartersMelbourne, Victoria, Australia
Area served
Global
Key people
ProductsIron ore, coal, copper, gold, nickel & uranium
Revenue US$60.817 billion (2021)[1]
US$25.906 billion (2021)[1]
US$13.451 billion (2021)[1]
Total assets US$108.927 billion (2021)[1]
Total equity US$51.264 billion (2021)[1]
Number of employees
80,000 (2021)[2]
Websitewww.bhp.com
The former BHP Billiton logo

The Broken Hill Proprietary Company was founded on 16 July 1885 in the mining town of Silverton, New South Wales.[3] By 2017, BHP was the world's largest mining company, based on market capitalisation,[4][5] and was Melbourne's third-largest company by revenue.[6]

BHP Billiton was formed in 2001 through the merger of the Australian Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited (BHP) and the Anglo–Dutch Billiton plc trading on both the Australian and London Stock Exchanges as a dual-listed company.

In 2015, some BHP Billiton assets were demerged and rebranded as South32, while a scaled-down BHP Billiton became BHP. In 2018, BHP Billiton Limited and BHP Billiton plc became BHP Group Limited and BHP Group plc, respectively. In the 2020 Forbes Global 2000, BHP Group was ranked as the 93rd-largest public company in the world.[7] In January 2022, BHP relinquished its London Stock Exchange listing, becoming a solely Australian Securities Exchange-listed company. As of 2022, BHP is the largest company in Australia,[8] and the largest mining company in the world, both as measured by market capitalisation.[9]

History

Billiton

 
The former Billiton logo

Billiton Maatschappij was founded 29 September 1860, when its articles of association were approved by a meeting of shareholders in the Groot Keizershof hotel in The Hague, Netherlands.[10][11][12] Two months later, the company acquired mineral rights to the Billiton (Belitung) and Bangka Islands in the Netherlands Indies archipelago off the eastern coast of Sumatra.[11][13]

Billiton's initial ventures included tin and lead smelting in the Netherlands, followed in the 1940s by bauxite mining in Indonesia and Suriname.[14] In 1970, Shell acquired Billiton.[11][15] Billiton opened a tin smelting and refining plant in Phuket, Thailand, named Thaisarco (for Thailand Smelting And Refining Company, Limited).[16]

In 1994, South Africa's Gencor acquired the mining division of Billiton excluding the downstream metal division.[17] Billiton was divested from Gencor in 1997,[18] and was amalgamated with Gold Fields in 1998.[19] In 1997, Billiton plc became a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index[20] and in 2001 Billiton plc merged with the Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited (BHP) to form BHP Billiton.[21]

Broken Hill Proprietary Company

 
The former Broken Hill Proprietary Company logo

The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited (BHP), also known by the nickname "the Big Australian",[22] was incorporated on 13 August 1885, operating the silver and lead mine at Broken Hill, in western New South Wales, Australia.[23][24] The Broken Hill group floated on 10 August 1885.[25] The first consignment of Broken Hill ore (48 tons, 5 cwt, 3grs) was smelted at the Intercolonial Smelting and Refining Company's works at Spotswood, Victoria, a suburb of Melbourne.[25] Historian Christopher Jay notes:

The resulting 35,605 ounces of silver raised a lot of interest when exhibited at the City of Melbourne Bank in Collins Street. Some sceptics asserted the promoters were merely using silver from somewhere else, to ramp up the shares.... Another shareholder, the dominating W. R. Wilson had had to lend William Jamieson, General Manager, a new suit so he could take the first prospectus, printed at Silverton near Broken Hill on 20 June 1885, to Adelaide to start the float process.[25]

The geographic Broken Hill, for which the town was named, was discovered and named by Captain Charles Sturt, stirring great interest among prospectors. Nothing of note was discovered until 5 November 1883, when Charles Rasp, boundary rider for the surrounding Mount Gipps Station, pegged out a 40-acre claim with contractors David James and James Poole.[26]

Together with a half-dozen backers, including station manager George McCulloch (a young cousin of Victorian Premier Sir James McCulloch),[27] Rasp formed the Broken Hill Company staking out the entire Hill. As costs mounted during the ensuing months of fruitless search, three of the original seven (now remembered as the Syndicate of Seven) sold their shares, so that, on the eve of the company's great success, there were nine shareholders, including Rasp, McCulloch, Philip Charly (aka Charley), David James, James Poole (five of the original syndicate of seven, which had previously included George Urquhart and G.A.M. Lind), Bowes Kelly, W. R. Wilson, and William Jamieson (who had bought shares from several of the founders).[28][29]

John Darling, Jr. became a director of the company in 1892 and was chairman of directors from 1907 to 1914.[30]

Strongly encouraged by the New South Wales Minister for Public Works, Arthur Hill Griffith,[31][32] in 1915, the company ventured into steel manufacturing, with its operations based primarily in Newcastle, New South Wales. The decision to move from mining ore at Broken Hill to opening a steelworks at Newcastle was due to the technical limitations in recovering value from mining the lower-lying sulphide ores.[33] The discovery of Iron Knob and Iron Monarch near the western shore of the Spencer Gulf in South Australia, combined with the refinement, by BHP metallurgists A. D. Carmichael and Leslie Bradford, of the froth flotation technique for separating zinc sulphides from the accompanying gangue and subsequent conversion (Carmichael–Bradford process) to oxides of the metal, allowed BHP to economically extract valuable metals from the heaps of tailings up to 40 ft (12 m) high at the mine site.[34] In 1942, the Imperial Japanese Navy targeted the BHP steelworks[35] during the largely unsuccessful shelling of Newcastle.[36]

Newcastle operations were closed in 1999,[37] and a 70-ton commemorative sculpture, The Muster Point, was installed on Industrial Drive, in the suburb of Mayfield, New South Wales. The long products side of the steel business was spun off to form OneSteel in 2000.[38]

In the 1950s, BHP began petroleum exploration, which became an increasing focus following oil and natural gas discoveries in Bass Strait in the 1960s.[39][40]

BHP began to diversify into a variety of mining projects overseas. Those included the Ok Tedi copper mine in Papua New Guinea, where the company was successfully sued by the indigenous inhabitants because of the environmental degradation caused by mining operations.[41] BHP had better success with the giant Escondida copper mine in Chile, of which it owns 57.5%, and at the Ekati Diamond Mine in northern Canada, which BHP contracted for in 1996,[42] began mining in 1998,[42] and sold its 80% stake in to Dominion Diamond Corporation in 2013 as production declined.[43][44][45][46]

BHP Billiton

 
Diesel locomotives in BHP Billiton Iron Ore "bubble" livery, at the company's Nelson Point Yard, Port Hedland, Western Australia.

In 2001, BHP merged with the Billiton mining company to form BHP Billiton.[13] In 2002, flat steel products were demerged to form the publicly traded company BHP Steel which, in 2003, became BlueScope.[47]

In March 2005, BHP Billiton announced a US$7.3 billion agreed bid for WMC Resources, owners of the Olympic Dam copper, gold and uranium mine in South Australia, nickel operations in Western Australia and Queensland, and a Queensland fertiliser plant.[48] The takeover achieved 90 per cent acceptance on 17 June 2005, and 100 per cent ownership was announced on 2 August 2005, achieved through compulsory acquisition of the remaining 10 percent of the shares.[49]

On 8 November 2007, BHP Billiton announced it was seeking to purchase rival mining group Rio Tinto Group in an all-share deal.[50] The initial offer of 3.4 shares of BHP Billiton stock for each share of Rio Tinto was rejected by the board of Rio Tinto for "significantly undervaluing" the company.[48] It was unknown at the time whether BHP Billiton would attempt to purchase Rio Tinto through some form of hostile takeover.[48] A formal hostile bid of 3.4 BHP Billiton shares for each Rio Tinto share was announced on 6 February 2008;[51] The bid was withdrawn 25 November 2008 due to global recession.[52][53]

On 14 May 2008, BHP Billiton shares rose to a record high of A$48.90 following speculation that Chinese mining firm Chinalco was considering purchasing a large stake.[54]

As global nickel prices fell, on 25 November 2008, Billiton announced that it would drop its A$66 billion takeover of rival Rio Tinto Group, stating that the "risks to shareholder value" would "increase" to "an unacceptable level" due to the global financial crisis.[55]

On 21 January 2009, BHP Billiton then announced that Ravensthorpe Nickel Mine in Western Australia would cease operations, ending shipments of ore from Ravensthorpe to the Yabulu nickel plant in Queensland Australia.[56] Yabulu refinery was subsequently sold to Queensland billionaire Clive Palmer, becoming the Palmer Nickel and Cobalt Refinery. Pinto Valley mine in the United States was also closed. Mine closures and general scaling back during the global financial crisis accounted for 6,000 employee lay offs.[57]

As the nickel market became saturated by both spiraling economics and cheaper extraction methods; on 9 December 2009, BHP Billiton sold its Ravensthorpe Nickel Mine, which had cost A$2.4 billion to build, to Vancouver-based First Quantum Minerals for US$340 million. First Quantum, a Canadian company, was one of three bidders for the mine, tendering the lowest offer, and returned the mine to production in 2011.[58] Ravensthorpe cost BHP US$3.6 billion in write-downs when it was shut in January 2009 after less than a year of production.[59]

In January 2010, following the BHP Billiton purchase of Athabasca Potash for US$320m, The Economist reported that, by 2020, BHP Billiton could produce approximately 15 per cent of the world demand for potash.[60]

In August 2010, BHP Billiton made a hostile takeover bid worth US$40 billion for PotashCorp. The bid came after BHP's first bid, made on 17 August, was rejected as being undervalued.[61] This acquisition marked a major strategic move by BHP outside hard commodities and commenced the diversification of its business away from resources with high exposure to carbon price risk, like coal, petroleum and iron ore. The takeover bid was opposed by the Government of Saskatchewan under Premier Brad Wall. On 3 November, Canadian Industry Minister Tony Clement announced the preliminary rejection of the deal under the Investment Canada Act, giving BHP Billiton 30 days to refine their deal before a final decision was made;[62] BHP withdrew its offer on 14 November 2010.[63][64]

On 22 February 2011, BHP Billiton announced that it had paid $4.75 billion in cash to Chesapeake Energy for its Fayetteville shale assets, which include 487,000 acres (1,970 km2) of mineral rights leases and 420 miles (680 km) of pipeline located in north central Arkansas. The wells on the mineral leases are currently producing about 415 million cubic feet of natural gas per day. BHP Billiton planned to spend $800 million to $1 billion a year over 10 years to develop the field and triple production.[65]

On 14 July 2011, BHP Billiton announced that it would acquire Petrohawk Energy of the United States for approximately $12.1 billion in cash, considerably expanding its shale natural gas resources[66] in an offer of $US38.75 per share.[67]

 
BHP office tower in Adelaide

On 22 August 2012, BHP Billiton announced that it was delaying its US$20 billion (£12 billion) Olympic Dam copper mine expansion project in South Australia to study less capital intensive options, deferring its dual harbour strategy at West Australian Iron Ore and slowing down its Potash growth option in Canada.[68][69] The company simultaneously announced a freeze on approving any major new expansion projects.[68][69]

Days after announcing the Olympic Dam pull-out, BHP Billiton announced that it was selling its Yeelirrie Uranium Project to Canadian Cameco for a fee of around $430 million. The sale was part of a broader move to step away from resource expansion in Australia.[70]

On 19 August 2014, BHP Billiton announced it would create an independent global metals and mining company based on a selection of its aluminium, coal, manganese, nickel, and silver assets.[71] The newly formed entity, named South32, was subsequently demerged with listings on the Australian Securities Exchange the JSE and the London Stock Exchange.[71]

In 2015, BHP Billiton spun off a number of its subsidiaries[72] in South Africa and Southern Africa to form a new company known as South32.[73][74]

BHP Billiton agreed to pay a fine of $25 million to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission in 2015 in connection with violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act related to its "hospitality program" at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. BHP Billiton invited 176 government and state-owned-enterprise officials to attend the Games on an all-expenses-paid package. While BHP Billiton claimed to have compliance processes in place to avoid conflicts of interest, the SEC found that BHP Billiton had invited officials from at least four countries where BHP Billiton had interests in influencing the officials' decisions (Congo, Guinea, Philippines and Burundi).[75]

In August 2016, BHP Billiton recorded its worst annual loss in history, $6.4 billion.[76]

Towards the end of 2016 BHP Billiton indicated it would expand its petroleum business and make new investments in the sector.[77]

In February 2017, BHP Billiton announced a $2.2 billion investment in the new BP platform in the Gulf of Mexico.[78] During the same year, as part of their plan to increase productivity at the Escondida mine in Chile,[79] which is the world's biggest copper mine, BHP Billiton attempted to get workers to accept a 4-year pay freeze, a 66% reduction in the end-of-conflict bonus offering, and increased shift flexibility. This resulted in a major workers' strike and forced the company to declare force majeure on two shipments, which drove copper prices up by 4%.[80]

In April 2017 activist hedge fund manager Elliott Advisors proposed a plan for BHP Billiton to spin off its American petroleum assets and significantly restructure the business, including the scrapping of its dual Sydney-London listing, suggesting shares be offered only in the United Kingdom, while leaving its headquarters and tax residences in Australia where shares would trade as depository instruments. At the time of the correspondence Elliott held about 4.1 per cent of the issued shares in London-listed BHP Billiton plc, worth $3.81 billion. Australia's government warned it would block moves to shift BHP Billiton's stock listing from Australia to the United Kingdom. Australian Treasurer Scott Morrison said the move would be contrary to the country's national interest and would breach government orders mandating a listing on the Australian Securities Exchange. BHP Billiton dismissed the plan saying the costs and risks of Elliott's proposal outweighed any potential benefits.[81]

BHP

In May 2017, with much of the former Billiton assets having been disposed of, BHP Billiton began to rebrand itself as BHP, at first in Australia and then globally. It replaced the slogan "The Big Australian" with "Think Big", with an advertising campaign rolling out in mid May 2017.[82] Work on the change began in late 2015 according to BHP's chief external affairs officer.[83]

In August 2017, BHP announced that it would sell off its US shale oil and gas business.[84][85] In July 2018, the company agreed to sell its shale assets to BP for $10.5 billion.[86] BHP indicated its intention to return funds to investors.[87] On 29 September 2018, BHP completed the sale of its Fayetteville Onshore US gas assets to a wholly owned subsidiary of Merit Energy Company.[88]

In August 2021, BHP announced plans to exit the oil and gas industry by merging its hydrocarbon business with Woodside Energy, Australia's largest independent gas producer.[89] It also announced its intention to delist from the London Stock Exchange and consolidate on the Australian Securities Exchange.[90] This occurred in January 2022.[91][92] In April 2023, BHP took over Oz Minerals in a $9.6 billion deal.[93][94][95][96]

Corporation

Until January 2022, BHP was a dual-listed company; the Australian BHP Billiton Limited and the British BHP Billiton plc were separately listed with separate shareholder bodies, while conducting business as one operation with identical boards of directors and a single management structure.[1] The headquarters of BHP Billiton Limited and the global headquarters of the combined group were located in Melbourne, Australia. The headquarters of BHP Billiton plc were located in London, England.[1] Its main office locations were in Australia, the U.S., Canada, the UK, Chile, Malaysia, and Singapore.[1]

The company's shares traded on the following exchanges:[97]

  • BHP Billiton Limited
    • Australia (ASX: BHP)
    • US (NYSE: BHP)
  • BHP Billiton plc
    • UK (LSE: BHPL)
    • US (NYSE: BBL)
    • South Africa (JSE: BIL)

BHP Billiton Limited and BHP Billiton plc were renamed BHP Group Limited and BHP Group plc, respectively, on 19 November 2018.[98]

Senior management

In 1998, BHP hired American Paul Anderson to restructure the company. Anderson successfully completed the four-year project with a merger between BHP and London-based Billiton.[99] In July 2002, Brian Gilbertson of Billiton was appointed CEO, but resigned after just six months, citing irreconcilable differences with the board.[100]

Upon Gilbertson's departure in early 2003, Chip Goodyear was appointed the new CEO, increasing sales by 47 percent and profits by 78 percent during his tenure.[101] Goodyear retired on 30 September 2007.[102] Marius Kloppers was Goodyear's successor.[102] Following Kloppers' tenure, Andrew Mackenzie, chief executive of Non-Ferrous, assumed the role of CEO in 2013.[103] Australia mining head Mike Henry succeeded Mackenzie on 1 January 2020.[104]

Operations

BHP has mining operations in Australia, North America, and South America, and petroleum operations in the U.S., Australia, Trinidad and Tobago, the UK, and Algeria.[1]

The company has four primary operational units:

The company's mines are as follows:[105]

 
Drill rig at Area C mine, near Newman, Western Australia.
 
Process facility at Mount Whaleback mine, Western Australia.
 
False colour satellite image of Escondida mine, Chile, courtesy of NASA.

Algeria

  • Ohanet gas field
  • ROD gas field

Australia

New South Wales

Queensland

South Australia

Victoria

Western Australia

Brazil

Canada

Chile

Colombia

Mexico

  • Trion

Peru

Trinidad & Tobago

  • Angostura & Ruby oil and gas fields

United States

Controversies

Responsibility for climate damage

 
A village flooded in the Bento Rodrigues dam disaster (2015). The dam was a property of Samarco, a joint venture between Vale and BHP Billiton.

BHP is listed as one of the 90 fossil fuel extraction and marketing companies responsible for two-thirds of global greenhouse gas emissions since the beginning of the industrial age.[108] Its cumulative emissions as of 2010 have been estimated at 7,606 MtCO2e, representing 0.52% of global industrial emissions between 1751 and 2010, ranking it the 19th-largest corporate polluter.[109] According to BHP management 10% of these emissions are from direct operations, while 90% come from products sold by the company.[110] BHP has been voluntarily reporting its direct GHG emissions since 1996. In 2013, it was criticised for lobbying against carbon pricing in Australia.[111]

BHP reported total CO2e emissions (Direct + Indirect) for the twelve months ending 30 June 2020 at 15,800 Kt.[112]

BHP's annual Total CO2e emissions (Direct + Indirect) (in kilotonnes)
Jun 2015 Jun 2016 Jun 2017 Jun 2018 Jun 2019 Jun 2020
38,300[113] 18,000[114] 16,300[115] 17,000[116] 15,800[117] 15,800[112]

Ok Tedi environmental disaster

The Ok Tedi environmental disaster caused severe harm to the environment along the Ok Tedi River and the Fly River in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea between around 1984 and 2013. In 1999, BHP reported that 90 million tons of mine waste was annually discharged into the river for more than ten years and destroyed downstream villages, agriculture and fisheries. Mine wastes were deposited along 1,000 km (620 mi) of the Ok Tedi and the Fly River below its confluence with the Ok Tedi, and over an area of 100 km2 (39 sq mi). BHP's CEO, Paul Anderson, said that the Ok Tedi Mine was "not compatible with our environmental values and the company should never have become involved."[118] As of 2006, mine operators continued to discharge 80 million tons of tailings, overburden, and mine-induced erosion into the river system each year. About 1,588 km2 (613 sq mi) of forest has died or is under stress. As many as 3,000 km2 (1,200 sq mi) may eventually be harmed.[119]

In the 1990s the communities of the lower Fly Region, including the Yonggom people,[120] sued BHP and received US$28.6 million in an out-of-court settlement, which was the culmination of an enormous public-relations campaign against the company by environmental groups. As part of the settlement, a (limited) dredging operation was put in place and efforts were made to rehabilitate the site around the mine. However, the mine is still in operation and waste continues to flow into the river system. BHP was granted legal indemnity from future mine related damages. Experts predict that it will take 300 years to clean up the toxic contamination.[121]

Bento Rodrigues dam collapse

In 2015, the company was involved in the Bento Rodrigues tailings dam collapse, the worst environmental disaster in the history of the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.[106][107][122] On 5 November 2015, an iron ore mine tailings dam near Mariana, south-eastern Brazil, owned and operated by Samarco, a subsidiary of BHP and Vale, suffered a catastrophic failure, devastating the nearby town of Bento Rodrigues with the mudflow, killing 19 people, injuring more than 50 and causing enormous ecological damage,[123] and threatening life along the Rio Doce and the Atlantic Ocean near the mouth of the Rio Doce.[124] The accident was one of the biggest environmental disasters in Brazil's history.[125]

An investigation into the disaster commissioned by BHP, Vale and Samarco found the collapse was due to a variety of construction and design flaws.[126] In June 2018, Samarco, Vale and BHP signed an agreement for the Brazilian government to drop a $7 billion civil lawsuit against the mining companies and allow two years for the companies to address the greater US$55 billion civil lawsuit brought by Brazil's federal prosecutors seeking social, environmental and economic compensation.[127]

Escondida and Cerro Colorado water usage issue

BHP has been accused of perpetrating irregularities with respect to drawing waters above the granted limit from the aquafiers. Due to which the water table has dropped significantly, making land-based livelihoods less viable for people of the community, many of whom have been forced to relocate to urban areas. In January 2021, the Supreme Court of Chile validated the objections of local indigenous tribes about BHP's water usage and impacts on wetland areas. Later in July, the same court ordered BHP to begin the application process for Cerro Colorado operating permits from scratch.[128]

Sexual harassment

From 2019 to 2021, BHP registered six cases of sexual assault and seventy three cases of sexual harassment.[129] A survey of 425 workers conducted by The Western Mine Workers' Alliance, showed that two-thirds of female respondents had experienced verbal sexual harassment while working in the FIFO mining industry, with 36% of women and 10% of men having experienced some form of harassment in the last 12 months.[130] In response, BHP terminated or otherwise permanently removed forty eight workers from its sites.[131]

Other significant accidents

Bad weather caused a BHP Billiton helicopter to crash in Angola on 16 November 2007, killing the helicopter's five passengers. The deceased were: BHP Billiton Angola Chief Operating Officer David Hopgood (Australian), Angola Technical Services Operations Manager Kevin Ayre (British), Wild Dog Helicopters pilot Kottie Breedt (South African), Guy Sommerfield (British) of MMC and Louwrens Prinsloo (Namibian) of Prinsloo Drilling. The helicopter crashed approximately 80 kilometres (50 mi) from the Alto Cuilo diamond exploration camp in Lunda Norte, northeastern Angola. BHP Billiton responded by suspending operations in the country.[132]

See also

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this, article, about, company, unit, measurement, brake, horsepower, other, uses, billiton, redirects, here, indonesian, island, formerly, known, billiton, belitung, group, limited, formerly, known, billiton, australian, multinational, mining, metals, public, . This article is about the company For the unit of measurement see Brake horsepower For other uses see Bhp Billiton redirects here For the Indonesian island formerly known as Billiton see Belitung BHP Group Limited formerly known as BHP Billiton is an Australian multinational mining and metals public company headquartered in Melbourne Victoria Australia BHP Group LimitedBHP Office Tower in Perth Western AustraliaTypePublic limited companyTraded asASX BHP S amp P ASX 50 ComponentISINAU000000BHP4IndustryMetals and MiningFounded13 August 1885 as the Broken Hill Proprietary Company 29 June 2001 as BHP Billiton HeadquartersMelbourne Victoria AustraliaArea servedGlobalKey peopleKen MacKenzie chair person Mike Henry CEO ProductsIron ore coal copper gold nickel amp uraniumRevenueUS 60 817 billion 2021 1 Operating incomeUS 25 906 billion 2021 1 Net incomeUS 13 451 billion 2021 1 Total assetsUS 108 927 billion 2021 1 Total equityUS 51 264 billion 2021 1 Number of employees80 000 2021 2 Websitewww wbr bhp wbr comThe former BHP Billiton logoThe Broken Hill Proprietary Company was founded on 16 July 1885 in the mining town of Silverton New South Wales 3 By 2017 BHP was the world s largest mining company based on market capitalisation 4 5 and was Melbourne s third largest company by revenue 6 BHP Billiton was formed in 2001 through the merger of the Australian Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited BHP and the Anglo Dutch Billiton plc trading on both the Australian and London Stock Exchanges as a dual listed company In 2015 some BHP Billiton assets were demerged and rebranded as South32 while a scaled down BHP Billiton became BHP In 2018 BHP Billiton Limited and BHP Billiton plc became BHP Group Limited and BHP Group plc respectively In the 2020 Forbes Global 2000 BHP Group was ranked as the 93rd largest public company in the world 7 In January 2022 BHP relinquished its London Stock Exchange listing becoming a solely Australian Securities Exchange listed company As of 2022 BHP is the largest company in Australia 8 and the largest mining company in the world both as measured by market capitalisation 9 Contents 1 History 1 1 Billiton 1 2 Broken Hill Proprietary Company 1 3 BHP Billiton 1 4 BHP 2 Corporation 2 1 Senior management 3 Operations 3 1 Algeria 3 2 Australia 3 2 1 New South Wales 3 2 2 Queensland 3 2 3 South Australia 3 2 4 Victoria 3 2 5 Western Australia 3 3 Brazil 3 4 Canada 3 5 Chile 3 6 Colombia 3 7 Mexico 3 8 Peru 3 9 Trinidad amp Tobago 3 10 United States 4 Controversies 4 1 Responsibility for climate damage 4 2 Ok Tedi environmental disaster 4 3 Bento Rodrigues dam collapse 4 4 Escondida and Cerro Colorado water usage issue 4 5 Sexual harassment 5 Other significant accidents 6 See also 7 References 8 External linksHistory EditBilliton Edit The former Billiton logoBilliton Maatschappij was founded 29 September 1860 when its articles of association were approved by a meeting of shareholders in the Groot Keizershof hotel in The Hague Netherlands 10 11 12 Two months later the company acquired mineral rights to the Billiton Belitung and Bangka Islands in the Netherlands Indies archipelago off the eastern coast of Sumatra 11 13 Billiton s initial ventures included tin and lead smelting in the Netherlands followed in the 1940s by bauxite mining in Indonesia and Suriname 14 In 1970 Shell acquired Billiton 11 15 Billiton opened a tin smelting and refining plant in Phuket Thailand named Thaisarco for Thailand Smelting And Refining Company Limited 16 In 1994 South Africa s Gencor acquired the mining division of Billiton excluding the downstream metal division 17 Billiton was divested from Gencor in 1997 18 and was amalgamated with Gold Fields in 1998 19 In 1997 Billiton plc became a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index 20 and in 2001 Billiton plc merged with the Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited BHP to form BHP Billiton 21 Broken Hill Proprietary Company Edit The former Broken Hill Proprietary Company logoThe Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited BHP also known by the nickname the Big Australian 22 was incorporated on 13 August 1885 operating the silver and lead mine at Broken Hill in western New South Wales Australia 23 24 The Broken Hill group floated on 10 August 1885 25 The first consignment of Broken Hill ore 48 tons 5 cwt 3grs was smelted at the Intercolonial Smelting and Refining Company s works at Spotswood Victoria a suburb of Melbourne 25 Historian Christopher Jay notes The resulting 35 605 ounces of silver raised a lot of interest when exhibited at the City of Melbourne Bank in Collins Street Some sceptics asserted the promoters were merely using silver from somewhere else to ramp up the shares Another shareholder the dominating W R Wilson had had to lend William Jamieson General Manager a new suit so he could take the first prospectus printed at Silverton near Broken Hill on 20 June 1885 to Adelaide to start the float process 25 The geographic Broken Hill for which the town was named was discovered and named by Captain Charles Sturt stirring great interest among prospectors Nothing of note was discovered until 5 November 1883 when Charles Rasp boundary rider for the surrounding Mount Gipps Station pegged out a 40 acre claim with contractors David James and James Poole 26 Together with a half dozen backers including station manager George McCulloch a young cousin of Victorian Premier Sir James McCulloch 27 Rasp formed the Broken Hill Company staking out the entire Hill As costs mounted during the ensuing months of fruitless search three of the original seven now remembered as the Syndicate of Seven sold their shares so that on the eve of the company s great success there were nine shareholders including Rasp McCulloch Philip Charly aka Charley David James James Poole five of the original syndicate of seven which had previously included George Urquhart and G A M Lind Bowes Kelly W R Wilson and William Jamieson who had bought shares from several of the founders 28 29 John Darling Jr became a director of the company in 1892 and was chairman of directors from 1907 to 1914 30 Strongly encouraged by the New South Wales Minister for Public Works Arthur Hill Griffith 31 32 in 1915 the company ventured into steel manufacturing with its operations based primarily in Newcastle New South Wales The decision to move from mining ore at Broken Hill to opening a steelworks at Newcastle was due to the technical limitations in recovering value from mining the lower lying sulphide ores 33 The discovery of Iron Knob and Iron Monarch near the western shore of the Spencer Gulf in South Australia combined with the refinement by BHP metallurgists A D Carmichael and Leslie Bradford of the froth flotation technique for separating zinc sulphides from the accompanying gangue and subsequent conversion Carmichael Bradford process to oxides of the metal allowed BHP to economically extract valuable metals from the heaps of tailings up to 40 ft 12 m high at the mine site 34 In 1942 the Imperial Japanese Navy targeted the BHP steelworks 35 during the largely unsuccessful shelling of Newcastle 36 Newcastle operations were closed in 1999 37 and a 70 ton commemorative sculpture The Muster Point was installed on Industrial Drive in the suburb of Mayfield New South Wales The long products side of the steel business was spun off to form OneSteel in 2000 38 In the 1950s BHP began petroleum exploration which became an increasing focus following oil and natural gas discoveries in Bass Strait in the 1960s 39 40 BHP began to diversify into a variety of mining projects overseas Those included the Ok Tedi copper mine in Papua New Guinea where the company was successfully sued by the indigenous inhabitants because of the environmental degradation caused by mining operations 41 BHP had better success with the giant Escondida copper mine in Chile of which it owns 57 5 and at the Ekati Diamond Mine in northern Canada which BHP contracted for in 1996 42 began mining in 1998 42 and sold its 80 stake in to Dominion Diamond Corporation in 2013 as production declined 43 44 45 46 BHP Billiton Edit Diesel locomotives in BHP Billiton Iron Ore bubble livery at the company s Nelson Point Yard Port Hedland Western Australia In 2001 BHP merged with the Billiton mining company to form BHP Billiton 13 In 2002 flat steel products were demerged to form the publicly traded company BHP Steel which in 2003 became BlueScope 47 In March 2005 BHP Billiton announced a US 7 3 billion agreed bid for WMC Resources owners of the Olympic Dam copper gold and uranium mine in South Australia nickel operations in Western Australia and Queensland and a Queensland fertiliser plant 48 The takeover achieved 90 per cent acceptance on 17 June 2005 and 100 per cent ownership was announced on 2 August 2005 achieved through compulsory acquisition of the remaining 10 percent of the shares 49 On 8 November 2007 BHP Billiton announced it was seeking to purchase rival mining group Rio Tinto Group in an all share deal 50 The initial offer of 3 4 shares of BHP Billiton stock for each share of Rio Tinto was rejected by the board of Rio Tinto for significantly undervaluing the company 48 It was unknown at the time whether BHP Billiton would attempt to purchase Rio Tinto through some form of hostile takeover 48 A formal hostile bid of 3 4 BHP Billiton shares for each Rio Tinto share was announced on 6 February 2008 51 The bid was withdrawn 25 November 2008 due to global recession 52 53 On 14 May 2008 BHP Billiton shares rose to a record high of A 48 90 following speculation that Chinese mining firm Chinalco was considering purchasing a large stake 54 As global nickel prices fell on 25 November 2008 Billiton announced that it would drop its A 66 billion takeover of rival Rio Tinto Group stating that the risks to shareholder value would increase to an unacceptable level due to the global financial crisis 55 On 21 January 2009 BHP Billiton then announced that Ravensthorpe Nickel Mine in Western Australia would cease operations ending shipments of ore from Ravensthorpe to the Yabulu nickel plant in Queensland Australia 56 Yabulu refinery was subsequently sold to Queensland billionaire Clive Palmer becoming the Palmer Nickel and Cobalt Refinery Pinto Valley mine in the United States was also closed Mine closures and general scaling back during the global financial crisis accounted for 6 000 employee lay offs 57 As the nickel market became saturated by both spiraling economics and cheaper extraction methods on 9 December 2009 BHP Billiton sold its Ravensthorpe Nickel Mine which had cost A 2 4 billion to build to Vancouver based First Quantum Minerals for US 340 million First Quantum a Canadian company was one of three bidders for the mine tendering the lowest offer and returned the mine to production in 2011 58 Ravensthorpe cost BHP US 3 6 billion in write downs when it was shut in January 2009 after less than a year of production 59 In January 2010 following the BHP Billiton purchase of Athabasca Potash for US 320m The Economist reported that by 2020 BHP Billiton could produce approximately 15 per cent of the world demand for potash 60 In August 2010 BHP Billiton made a hostile takeover bid worth US 40 billion for PotashCorp The bid came after BHP s first bid made on 17 August was rejected as being undervalued 61 This acquisition marked a major strategic move by BHP outside hard commodities and commenced the diversification of its business away from resources with high exposure to carbon price risk like coal petroleum and iron ore The takeover bid was opposed by the Government of Saskatchewan under Premier Brad Wall On 3 November Canadian Industry Minister Tony Clement announced the preliminary rejection of the deal under the Investment Canada Act giving BHP Billiton 30 days to refine their deal before a final decision was made 62 BHP withdrew its offer on 14 November 2010 63 64 On 22 February 2011 BHP Billiton announced that it had paid 4 75 billion in cash to Chesapeake Energy for its Fayetteville shale assets which include 487 000 acres 1 970 km2 of mineral rights leases and 420 miles 680 km of pipeline located in north central Arkansas The wells on the mineral leases are currently producing about 415 million cubic feet of natural gas per day BHP Billiton planned to spend 800 million to 1 billion a year over 10 years to develop the field and triple production 65 On 14 July 2011 BHP Billiton announced that it would acquire Petrohawk Energy of the United States for approximately 12 1 billion in cash considerably expanding its shale natural gas resources 66 in an offer of US38 75 per share 67 BHP office tower in AdelaideOn 22 August 2012 BHP Billiton announced that it was delaying its US 20 billion 12 billion Olympic Dam copper mine expansion project in South Australia to study less capital intensive options deferring its dual harbour strategy at West Australian Iron Ore and slowing down its Potash growth option in Canada 68 69 The company simultaneously announced a freeze on approving any major new expansion projects 68 69 Days after announcing the Olympic Dam pull out BHP Billiton announced that it was selling its Yeelirrie Uranium Project to Canadian Cameco for a fee of around 430 million The sale was part of a broader move to step away from resource expansion in Australia 70 On 19 August 2014 BHP Billiton announced it would create an independent global metals and mining company based on a selection of its aluminium coal manganese nickel and silver assets 71 The newly formed entity named South32 was subsequently demerged with listings on the Australian Securities Exchange the JSE and the London Stock Exchange 71 In 2015 BHP Billiton spun off a number of its subsidiaries 72 in South Africa and Southern Africa to form a new company known as South32 73 74 BHP Billiton agreed to pay a fine of 25 million to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission in 2015 in connection with violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act related to its hospitality program at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing BHP Billiton invited 176 government and state owned enterprise officials to attend the Games on an all expenses paid package While BHP Billiton claimed to have compliance processes in place to avoid conflicts of interest the SEC found that BHP Billiton had invited officials from at least four countries where BHP Billiton had interests in influencing the officials decisions Congo Guinea Philippines and Burundi 75 In August 2016 BHP Billiton recorded its worst annual loss in history 6 4 billion 76 Towards the end of 2016 BHP Billiton indicated it would expand its petroleum business and make new investments in the sector 77 In February 2017 BHP Billiton announced a 2 2 billion investment in the new BP platform in the Gulf of Mexico 78 During the same year as part of their plan to increase productivity at the Escondida mine in Chile 79 which is the world s biggest copper mine BHP Billiton attempted to get workers to accept a 4 year pay freeze a 66 reduction in the end of conflict bonus offering and increased shift flexibility This resulted in a major workers strike and forced the company to declare force majeure on two shipments which drove copper prices up by 4 80 In April 2017 activist hedge fund manager Elliott Advisors proposed a plan for BHP Billiton to spin off its American petroleum assets and significantly restructure the business including the scrapping of its dual Sydney London listing suggesting shares be offered only in the United Kingdom while leaving its headquarters and tax residences in Australia where shares would trade as depository instruments At the time of the correspondence Elliott held about 4 1 per cent of the issued shares in London listed BHP Billiton plc worth 3 81 billion Australia s government warned it would block moves to shift BHP Billiton s stock listing from Australia to the United Kingdom Australian Treasurer Scott Morrison said the move would be contrary to the country s national interest and would breach government orders mandating a listing on the Australian Securities Exchange BHP Billiton dismissed the plan saying the costs and risks of Elliott s proposal outweighed any potential benefits 81 BHP Edit In May 2017 with much of the former Billiton assets having been disposed of BHP Billiton began to rebrand itself as BHP at first in Australia and then globally It replaced the slogan The Big Australian with Think Big with an advertising campaign rolling out in mid May 2017 82 Work on the change began in late 2015 according to BHP s chief external affairs officer 83 In August 2017 BHP announced that it would sell off its US shale oil and gas business 84 85 In July 2018 the company agreed to sell its shale assets to BP for 10 5 billion 86 BHP indicated its intention to return funds to investors 87 On 29 September 2018 BHP completed the sale of its Fayetteville Onshore US gas assets to a wholly owned subsidiary of Merit Energy Company 88 In August 2021 BHP announced plans to exit the oil and gas industry by merging its hydrocarbon business with Woodside Energy Australia s largest independent gas producer 89 It also announced its intention to delist from the London Stock Exchange and consolidate on the Australian Securities Exchange 90 This occurred in January 2022 91 92 In April 2023 BHP took over Oz Minerals in a 9 6 billion deal 93 94 95 96 Corporation EditUntil January 2022 BHP was a dual listed company the Australian BHP Billiton Limited and the British BHP Billiton plc were separately listed with separate shareholder bodies while conducting business as one operation with identical boards of directors and a single management structure 1 The headquarters of BHP Billiton Limited and the global headquarters of the combined group were located in Melbourne Australia The headquarters of BHP Billiton plc were located in London England 1 Its main office locations were in Australia the U S Canada the UK Chile Malaysia and Singapore 1 The company s shares traded on the following exchanges 97 BHP Billiton Limited Australia ASX BHP US NYSE BHP BHP Billiton plc UK LSE BHPL US NYSE BBL South Africa JSE BIL BHP Billiton Limited and BHP Billiton plc were renamed BHP Group Limited and BHP Group plc respectively on 19 November 2018 98 Senior management Edit In 1998 BHP hired American Paul Anderson to restructure the company Anderson successfully completed the four year project with a merger between BHP and London based Billiton 99 In July 2002 Brian Gilbertson of Billiton was appointed CEO but resigned after just six months citing irreconcilable differences with the board 100 Upon Gilbertson s departure in early 2003 Chip Goodyear was appointed the new CEO increasing sales by 47 percent and profits by 78 percent during his tenure 101 Goodyear retired on 30 September 2007 102 Marius Kloppers was Goodyear s successor 102 Following Kloppers tenure Andrew Mackenzie chief executive of Non Ferrous assumed the role of CEO in 2013 103 Australia mining head Mike Henry succeeded Mackenzie on 1 January 2020 104 Operations EditBHP has mining operations in Australia North America and South America and petroleum operations in the U S Australia Trinidad and Tobago the UK and Algeria 1 The company has four primary operational units Coal Copper Iron ore PetroleumThe company s mines are as follows 105 Drill rig at Area C mine near Newman Western Australia Process facility at Mount Whaleback mine Western Australia False colour satellite image of Escondida mine Chile courtesy of NASA Algeria Edit Ohanet gas field ROD gas fieldAustralia Edit New South Wales Edit Mount Arthur coal mineQueensland Edit Blackwater Mine 50 BHP Mitsubishi Alliance Broadmeadow 50 BHP Mitsubishi Alliance Goonyella 50 BHP Mitsubishi Alliance Hay Point Peak Downs 50 BHP Mitsubishi Alliance Poitrel Metallurgical Coal Mine Jointly owned with Mitsui Saraji 50 BHP Mitsubishi AllianceSouth Australia Edit Olympic DamVictoria Edit Bass Strait 50 Minerva offshore 90 Western Australia Edit Area C mine Eastern Range mine Jimblebar mine Kalgoorlie Kambalda Kwinana Leinster Mount Keith Mount Whaleback Nickel West operations Nimingarra Iron Ore Mine Jointly owned with Itochu and Mitsubishi North West Shelf Venture 16 67 LNG phase 8 33 domestic gas phase Orebodies 18 23 and 25 mine Port Hedland Yandi mine Yarrie mineBrazil Edit Samarco a joint venture with Vale 50 ownership each The project led to the worst environmental disaster in the history of mining in Brazil 106 the collapse of two iron ore tailings dams 107 in Bento Rodrigues a subdistrict of Mariana Canada Edit Jansen potash development project SaskatchewanChile Edit Minera Escondida Copper gold and silver mine jointly owned with Rio Tinto Group and Pan Pacific Copper Cerro Colorado SpenceColombia Edit Cerrejon coal mine in Guajira department 33 3 Mexico Edit TrionPeru Edit AntaminaTrinidad amp Tobago Edit Angostura amp Ruby oil and gas fieldsUnited States Edit Gulf of Mexico oil and gas field Shenzi field Resolution Copper near Superior ArizonaControversies EditResponsibility for climate damage Edit Main articles Global warming and Climate damage A village flooded in the Bento Rodrigues dam disaster 2015 The dam was a property of Samarco a joint venture between Vale and BHP Billiton BHP is listed as one of the 90 fossil fuel extraction and marketing companies responsible for two thirds of global greenhouse gas emissions since the beginning of the industrial age 108 Its cumulative emissions as of 2010 have been estimated at 7 606 MtCO2e representing 0 52 of global industrial emissions between 1751 and 2010 ranking it the 19th largest corporate polluter 109 According to BHP management 10 of these emissions are from direct operations while 90 come from products sold by the company 110 BHP has been voluntarily reporting its direct GHG emissions since 1996 In 2013 it was criticised for lobbying against carbon pricing in Australia 111 BHP reported total CO2e emissions Direct Indirect for the twelve months ending 30 June 2020 at 15 800 Kt 112 BHP s annual Total CO2e emissions Direct Indirect in kilotonnes Jun 2015 Jun 2016 Jun 2017 Jun 2018 Jun 2019 Jun 202038 300 113 18 000 114 16 300 115 17 000 116 15 800 117 15 800 112 Ok Tedi environmental disaster Edit Main article Ok Tedi environmental disaster The Ok Tedi environmental disaster caused severe harm to the environment along the Ok Tedi River and the Fly River in the Western Province of Papua New Guinea between around 1984 and 2013 In 1999 BHP reported that 90 million tons of mine waste was annually discharged into the river for more than ten years and destroyed downstream villages agriculture and fisheries Mine wastes were deposited along 1 000 km 620 mi of the Ok Tedi and the Fly River below its confluence with the Ok Tedi and over an area of 100 km2 39 sq mi BHP s CEO Paul Anderson said that the Ok Tedi Mine was not compatible with our environmental values and the company should never have become involved 118 As of 2006 update mine operators continued to discharge 80 million tons of tailings overburden and mine induced erosion into the river system each year About 1 588 km2 613 sq mi of forest has died or is under stress As many as 3 000 km2 1 200 sq mi may eventually be harmed 119 In the 1990s the communities of the lower Fly Region including the Yonggom people 120 sued BHP and received US 28 6 million in an out of court settlement which was the culmination of an enormous public relations campaign against the company by environmental groups As part of the settlement a limited dredging operation was put in place and efforts were made to rehabilitate the site around the mine However the mine is still in operation and waste continues to flow into the river system BHP was granted legal indemnity from future mine related damages Experts predict that it will take 300 years to clean up the toxic contamination 121 Bento Rodrigues dam collapse Edit Main article Mariana dam disaster In 2015 the company was involved in the Bento Rodrigues tailings dam collapse the worst environmental disaster in the history of the state of Minas Gerais Brazil 106 107 122 On 5 November 2015 an iron ore mine tailings dam near Mariana south eastern Brazil owned and operated by Samarco a subsidiary of BHP and Vale suffered a catastrophic failure devastating the nearby town of Bento Rodrigues with the mudflow killing 19 people injuring more than 50 and causing enormous ecological damage 123 and threatening life along the Rio Doce and the Atlantic Ocean near the mouth of the Rio Doce 124 The accident was one of the biggest environmental disasters in Brazil s history 125 An investigation into the disaster commissioned by BHP Vale and Samarco found the collapse was due to a variety of construction and design flaws 126 In June 2018 Samarco Vale and BHP signed an agreement for the Brazilian government to drop a 7 billion civil lawsuit against the mining companies and allow two years for the companies to address the greater US 55 billion civil lawsuit brought by Brazil s federal prosecutors seeking social environmental and economic compensation 127 Escondida and Cerro Colorado water usage issue Edit BHP has been accused of perpetrating irregularities with respect to drawing waters above the granted limit from the aquafiers Due to which the water table has dropped significantly making land based livelihoods less viable for people of the community many of whom have been forced to relocate to urban areas In January 2021 the Supreme Court of Chile validated the objections of local indigenous tribes about BHP s water usage and impacts on wetland areas Later in July the same court ordered BHP to begin the application process for Cerro Colorado operating permits from scratch 128 Sexual harassment Edit From 2019 to 2021 BHP registered six cases of sexual assault and seventy three cases of sexual harassment 129 A survey of 425 workers conducted by The Western Mine Workers Alliance showed that two thirds of female respondents had experienced verbal sexual harassment while working in the FIFO mining industry with 36 of women and 10 of men having experienced some form of harassment in the last 12 months 130 In response BHP terminated or otherwise permanently removed forty eight workers from its sites 131 Other significant accidents EditBad weather caused a BHP Billiton helicopter to crash in Angola on 16 November 2007 killing the helicopter s five passengers The deceased were BHP Billiton Angola Chief Operating Officer David Hopgood Australian Angola Technical Services Operations Manager Kevin Ayre British Wild Dog Helicopters pilot Kottie Breedt South African Guy Sommerfield British of MMC and Louwrens Prinsloo Namibian of Prinsloo Drilling The helicopter crashed approximately 80 kilometres 50 mi from the Alto Cuilo diamond exploration camp in Lunda Norte northeastern Angola BHP Billiton responded by suspending operations in the country 132 See also EditMining in AustraliaReferences Edit a b c d e f g h i Annual Report 2021 PDF BHP Retrieved 14 February 2022 About us BHP Retrieved 25 February 2021 Silverton The Argus Melbourne Vic 30 July 1885 p 10 Retrieved 21 August 2020 Leading mining companies worldwide based on market capitalization in 2018 Statista 2018 Retrieved 26 July 2018 Els Frik 5 July 2017 Top 50 mining companies reshuffle as Chinese lithium firms climb rankings Mining com Retrieved 26 July 2018 Hall Ben Simmons David Faint Paris Bonnell Yasmin 2 June 2017 THE 2017 MELBOURNE TOP COMPANIES REVEALED THE TOP 10 Business News Australia Archived from the original on 28 March 2019 Retrieved 26 July 2018 Forbes Global 2000 Forbes Retrieved 31 October 2020 Largest Australia companies by market capitalization companiesmarketcap com Retrieved 22 July 2022 Largest mining companies by market cap 2021 Statista Retrieved 8 March 2022 van den Berg Jurrien 1999 Tin island labour conditions of coolies in the Billiton mines in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries In Houben V J H Lindblad J Thomas eds Coolie Labour in Colonial Indonesia A Study of Labour Relations in the Outer Islands C 1900 1940 Wiesbaden Otto Harrassowitz Verlag p 212 ISBN 9783447041355 a b c Billiton History BHPBilliton com Archived from the original on 18 February 2011 Womack Tom 1 December 2015 The Allied Defense of the Malay Barrier 1941 1942 McFarland ISBN 978 1 4766 2267 5 a b Somers Heidhues Mary F Company Island A Note on the History of Belitung PDF Cornell Retrieved 29 June 2020 Krabbendam Hans van Minnen Cornelis A Scott Smith Giles 2009 Four Centuries of Dutch American Relations 1609 2009 Suny Press p 887 ISBN 978 1438430133 Cebon Peter 15 July 2008 Measured Success Innovation Management in Australia Melbourne Univ Publishing ISBN 978 0 522 85988 1 Overview Thaisarco Archived from the original on 13 March 2016 Retrieved 19 March 2016 Shell Unit Sells Assets To Gencor The New York Times Bloomberg News 27 July 1994 Retrieved 18 April 2011 Walker Julie 22 June 1997 Gencor pops champagne on achieving its ambitious global dream Business Times Archived from the original on 27 September 2011 South African Gold Giants to Combine The New York Times 11 October 1997 Retrieved 30 June 2020 Coulson Michael 2008 An Insider s Guide to the Mining Sector An In Depth Study of Gold and Mining Shares Harriman House Limited ISBN 978 1 905641 55 0 BHP Billiton merger confirmed ABC 19 March 2001 Archived from the original on 24 November 2004 Shrinking The Big Australian BHP write downs top A3B Engineering amp Mining Journal TheFreeLibrary com 1 August 1998 Retrieved 26 July 2018 The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Ltd 1885 2000 Guide to Australian Business Records Retrieved 18 April 2011 Wendy Lewis Simon Balderstone and John Bowan 2006 Events That Shaped Australia New Holland p 79 ISBN 978 1 74110 492 9 a b c Jay Christopher 1999 A Future More Prosperous The History of Newcastle Steelworks 1912 1999 The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited Newcastle p 30 Coulls A Rasp Charles 1846 1907 Australian Dictionary of Biography Volume 6 Melbourne University Press 1976 p 9 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Treasure Hill on Sheep Station The Argus Melbourne 2 September 1937 p 8 Retrieved 20 July 2013 via National Library of Australia United States Congressional Serial Set Volume 2591 U S Government Printing Office 1889 p 344 Kent H S K Darling John 1852 1914 Australian Dictionary of Biography National Centre of Biography Australian National University ISSN 1833 7538 Retrieved 5 December 2013 Nairn Bede Griffith Arthur Hill 1861 1946 Retrieved 26 July 2018 a href Template Cite book html title Template Cite book cite book a website ignored help Cameron David 1997 On an island in the River The establishment of the Walsh Island Dockyard amp Engineering Works Newcastle 1910 1919 Reocities Archived from the original on 23 November 2013 Jay Christopher 1999 A Future More Prosperous The History of Newcastle Steelworks 1912 1999 The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited Newcastle p 34 Jay Christopher 1999 A Future More Prosperous The History of Newcastle Steelworks 1912 1999 The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited Newcastle pp 42 43 Theodore Amy 1 February 2018 Throwback Thursday The Shelling of Newcastle Newcastle Mirage Retrieved 14 February 2018 Carruthers Steven L 2006 Japanese Submarine Raiders 1942 A Maritime Mystery Revised ed Narrabeen NSW Casper Publications ISBN 978 0 9775063 0 9 Steel City without the Big Australian 7 30 29 September 1999 Archived from the original on 8 March 2000 OneSteel Limited Delisted com au Archived from the original on 6 July 2011 History of Petroleum Exploration in Victoria DPI Vic gov au Department of Primary Industries Victoria Archived from the original on 4 October 2007 Our History BHP com Retrieved 27 July 2018 Imhof Aviva 1 March 1996 The Big Ugly Australian Goes to Ok Tedi Multinational Monitor Archived from the original on 27 July 2018 Retrieved 27 July 2018 a b Ekati Diamond Mine Northwest Territories Natural Resources of Canada 2008 Retrieved 28 July 2018 DeMarco Anthony 10 April 2013 Dominion Diamond Completes 553 Million Acquisition of Canadian Diamond Mine Forbes Retrieved 27 July 2018 MacNamara William 30 November 2011 BHP puts diamonds division up for sale Financial Times Archived from the original on 10 December 2022 Retrieved 28 July 2018 Ebner David 9 May 2011 BHP to mine Ekati diamonds a year longer Globe amp Mail Retrieved 28 July 2018 BHP Billiton Records 26 Drop in Output From Ekati in Fiscal Q3 in Final Report DiamondIntelligence com 17 April 2013 Retrieved 28 July 2018 AGL demerger to give shares a head of steam Australian Financial Review 9 November 2005 Retrieved 30 June 2020 a b c BHP makes bid move for Rio Tinto BBC News 8 November 2007 Retrieved 28 July 2018 BHP Billiton to mop up minority in WMC after taking over 90 pct Forbes 17 June 2005 Archived from the original on 2 November 2007 Rio Tinto rejects takeover bid from BHP Billiton to create mining giant The New York Times 8 November 2007 ISSN 0362 4331 Retrieved 30 June 2020 Freed Jamie 6 February 2008 BHP makes bid for Rio The Age Archived from the original on 7 February 2008 Macalister Terry 26 November 2008 BHP walks away from mining mega merger The Guardian Retrieved 28 July 2018 England Cameron 26 November 2008 BHP withdraws Rio offer The Advertiser Retrieved 28 July 2018 BHP shares surge on talk of China move Reuters 14 May 2008 Retrieved 28 July 2018 Wilson Amy 25 November 2008 BHP Billiton withdraws 66bn bid for rival miner Rio Tinto The Daily Telegraph Archived from the original on 12 January 2022 Retrieved 18 April 2011 Changes to BHP Billiton s Nickel Business BHP Billiton 21 January 2009 Archived from the original on 31 January 2009 Chambers Matt 22 January 2009 BHP axes 6000 jobs and cuts projects The Australian Archived from the original on 24 January 2009 Ravensthorpe First Quantum com Retrieved 27 July 2018 Chambers Matt 10 December 2009 Canada s First Quantum wins bid to revive Ravensthorpe nickel mine The Australian Retrieved 28 July 2018 Mergers in the fertiliser industry A growth business The Economist 18 February 2010 Retrieved 27 July 2018 BHP Billiton launches hostile bid for Potash BBC News 18 August 2010 Retrieved 27 July 2018 BHP s PotashCorp bid rejected for now CBC News 3 November 2010 Archived from the original on 6 November 2010 Bouw Brenda Kiladze Tim Chase Steven 14 November 2010 BHP withdraws Potash bid Globe amp Mail Retrieved 26 July 2018 Dvorak Phred Chon Gina 15 November 2010 BHP Abandons Pursuit of Potash Corp The Wall Street Journal Retrieved 19 December 2010 BHP Billiton Announces Acquisition of Chesapeake Energy Corporation s Fayetteville USA Shale Assets press release BHP com 22 February 2011 Retrieved 26 July 2018 De La Merced Michael J 14 July 2011 BHP Billiton to Buy Petrohawk for 12 1 Billion The New York Times Retrieved 14 July 2011 BHP Billiton and Petrohawk Corporation announce merger agreement PDF Petrohawk 15 July 2011 Archived from the original PDF on 27 March 2012 a b BHP delays 20 billion Olympic Dam project as profit slides Reuters 22 August 2012 Retrieved 26 August 2012 a b Neate Rupert 22 August 2012 BHP Billiton scraps 20bn Olympic Dam project as China slowdown bites The Guardian Retrieved 26 August 2012 Jamasmie Cecilia 27 August 2012 BHP sells Australia s mammoth uranium deposit Mining com Retrieved 11 October 2012 a b Creation of New Global Metals and Mining Company to Accelerate Portfolio Simplification BHP com 19 August 2014 Retrieved 28 July 2018 Company Overview of BHP Billiton Energy Coal South Africa Proprietary Limited Bloomberg com Retrieved 28 July 2018 Wilson James Smyth Jamie 18 March 2015 BHP unwinds Billiton merger with South32 spin off plan Financial Times Archived from the original on 10 December 2022 Retrieved 26 July 2018 Wilson James Smyth Jamie 7 May 2015 Shareholders approve BHP Billiton spin off of South32 Financial Times Archived from the original on 10 December 2022 Retrieved 26 July 2018 Bartlett Audine June 2015 Foreign bribery update A harsh lesson for a global miner PDF Resources Newsletter Carter Newell Lawyers Retrieved 29 July 2018 Barnato Katy 16 August 2016 World s largest mining firm records worst loss in its history CNBC Retrieved 28 July 2018 Hoyle Rhiannon 5 October 2016 BHP Billiton lays out petroleum expansion plans MarketWatch Retrieved 28 July 2018 Ambrose Jillian 9 February 2017 BHP Billiton backs BP s return to Gulf of Mexico with 1 75bn investment The Daily Telegraph Archived from the original on 12 January 2022 Retrieved 28 July 2018 Stephens Matthew 2 February 2017 Having spent US7 billion on Escondida s new start BHP has to secure world class productivity Australian Financial Review Retrieved 28 July 2018 Burton Mark Stringer David 11 February 2017 BHP Said to Declare Force Majeure on Copper From Escondida Bloomberg News Retrieved 28 July 2018 Taylor Rob Australia to block Elliott s BHP listing plan MarketWatch Retrieved 28 July 2018 Robins Brian 15 May 2017 BHP to drop Billiton in rebranding move The Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved 28 July 2018 Mehra Prashant 15 May 2017 Big Australian just BHP again no Billiton The Sydney Morning Herald Australian Associated Press Archived from the original on 25 September 2017 Regan James 22 August 2017 BHP to quit U S shale business as annual profit surges Reuters Retrieved 24 September 2017 Denina Clara Afanasieva Dasha 31 August 2017 BHP hires Barclays Citi for U S shale gas divestment sources Reuters Retrieved 24 September 2017 Reed Stanley BP Makes 10 5 Billion Shale Deal Its Biggest Since Deepwater Horizons Reuters via The New York Times 27 July 2018 Retrieved 28 September 2018 Husseini Talal BP to spend 10 5bn in BHP US shale oil and gas assets acquisition Offshore Technology 27 July 2018 Retrieved 28 September 2018 BHP completes US300m sale of Fayetteville onshore gas asset Australian Mining 1 October 2018 Retrieved 2 October 2018 Mining multinational BHP starts talks to exit oil and gas industry The Guardian Retrieved 16 August 2021 BHP Mining giant to leave London s FTSE 100 for Sydney BBC News 17 August 2021 Results of the BHP Group Shareholder Meetings in Connection with Unification BHP 20 January 2022 BHP poised for FTSE 100 exit after shareholders back unification Financial Times 20 January 2022 Archived from the original on 10 December 2022 Retrieved 27 January 2022 BHP Oz Minerals agree scheme deed in 9 6b deal Australian Financial Review 22 December 2022 Court approves Oz Minerals scheme of arrangement BHP 17 April 2023 Scheme of Arrangement becomes effective Oz Minerals 18 April 2023 Vast majority of Oz Minerals jobs in SA to stay after BHP takeover InDaily 18 April 2023 SEC Form 20 F BHP Billiton Limited and BHP Billiton plc for FY 2007 PDF BHP Billiton 26 September 2007 p 274 Archived from the original PDF on 9 April 2008 Retrieved 9 April 2008 BHP Change of name to BHP Group 20 November 2018 Retrieved 25 November 2018 Parkinson Gary 19 March 2001 Billiton and BHP agree merger plans Daily Telegraph ISSN 0307 1235 Archived from the original on 12 January 2022 Retrieved 30 June 2020 BHP chief in shock resignation CNN 5 January 2003 Retrieved 13 July 2007 The Best European Performers PDF Business Week 18 June 2005 Retrieved 26 July 2018 a b BHP Billiton To Appoint Marius Kloppers As New CEO press release BHP com 31 May 2007 Retrieved 29 July 2018 Mackenzie Andrew Stewart Who s Who Vol 2014 online edition via Oxford University Press ed A amp C Black Subscription or UK public library membership required Mike Henry s 30 year journey to BHP s top job James Thompson The Australian Financial Review Nov 14 2019 BHP Billiton Mining Atlas com Archived from the original on 26 September 2019 Retrieved 29 July 2018 a b Rezende Felipe 6 November 2015 Rompimento de barragens causa maior dano ambiental da historia de Minas diz promotor The collapse of the Samaco s dams has caused the largest environmental disaster in the history of Minas Gerais says public prosecutor R7 in Portuguese Retrieved 29 July 2018 a b Darlington Shasta 7 November 2015 Dam break sweeps away homes in Brazil killing at least 1 person CNN Retrieved 29 July 2018 Goldenberg Suzanne 21 November 2013 Just 90 companies caused two thirds of man made global warming emissions The Guardian Retrieved 29 July 2018 Heede Richard January 2014 Tracing anthropogenic carbon dioxide and methane emissions to fossil fuel and cement producers 1854 2010 Climate Change 122 1 2 229 241 Bibcode 2014ClCh 122 229H doi 10 1007 s10584 013 0986 y Hannam Peter 21 November 2013 BHP among world s 20 largest climate culprits The Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved 29 July 2018 Mehra Malini 20 November 2013 BHP Billiton climate change leader or laggard The Guardian Retrieved 29 July 2018 a b BHP s Annual Report for 2020Q2 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 19 November 2020 Alt URL BHP s Annual Report for 2017Q2 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 27 September 2021 Alt URL BHP s Annual Report for 2018Q2 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 27 November 2020 Alt URL BHP s Annual Report for 2020Q2 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 19 November 2020 Alt URL BHP s Annual Report for 2020Q2 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 19 November 2020 Alt URL BHP s Annual Report for 2020Q2 PDF Archived from the original PDF on 19 November 2020 Alt URL Burton Bob 13 August 1999 BHP admits Ok Tedi mine is environmental disaster Asia Times Online Archived from the original on 25 September 2000 Retrieved 18 April 2016 a href Template Cite news html title Template Cite news cite news a CS1 maint unfit URL link Key Statistics Ok Tedi Mining Archived from the original on 20 August 2006 Retrieved 17 September 2006 Kirsch Stuart July 2006 Reverse Anthropology Indigenous Analysis of Social and Environmental Relations in New Guinea Stanford University Press p 272 ISBN 0 8047 5342 3 Archived from the original on 11 June 2011 Retrieved 10 May 2007 Villagers sue BHP Billiton for 5bn The Age Fairfax Media 20 January 2007 Retrieved 4 February 2007 Brazil dam burst at least 15 feared dead after disaster at BHP owned mine The Guardian 6 November 2015 Retrieved 7 February 2019 Timson Lia de Godo Lucas 3 November 2018 Putting Bento Rodrigues back on the map after the dam disaster The Sydney Morning Herald Retrieved 6 March 2019 Douglas Bruce 22 November 2015 Anger rises as Brazilian mine disaster threatens river and sea with toxic mud The Guardian Retrieved 23 November 2015 Santos Caio 16 November 2016 Entre o luto e a saudade um panorama do maior desastre ambiental do Brasil Jornalistas Livres Retrieved 29 July 2018 Samarco dam disaster probe reveals construction and design flaws ABC News 29 August 2016 Retrieved 10 February 2022 BHP signs deal to suspend 55b Samarco lawsuit for two years ABC News 25 June 2018 Retrieved 10 February 2022 BHP s Cerro Colorado copper mine in Chile hit by further water measures MINING COM 5 January 2022 Retrieved 25 May 2022 Sanderson Henry Langley William 20 August 2021 BHP fires 48 workers for sexual harassment at remote mining sites Financial Times Archived from the original on 10 December 2022 Retrieved 9 February 2022 Sexual harassment rife in mine camps Western Australian inquiry finds Reuters 20 August 2021 Retrieved 9 February 2022 McNeill Heather 20 August 2021 BHP sacked 48 workers over sexual harassment claims FIFO inquiry reveals WAtoday Retrieved 10 February 2022 BHP executives killed in chopper crash ABC News 18 November 2007 Retrieved 25 May 2022 External links Edit Wikimedia Commons has media related to BHP Group Official website Business data for BHP Group Ltd BloombergGoogleReutersSEC filingsYahoo Documents and clippings about BHP in the 20th Century Press Archives of the ZBW Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title BHP amp oldid 1170738347, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, 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