1994 Norwegian European Union membership referendum
January 24, 2023
A referendum on joining the European Union was held in Norway on 27 and 28 November 1994.[1][2][3] After a long period of heated debate, the "no" side won with 52.2 per cent of the vote, on a turnout of 88.6 per cent. Membership of what was then the European Community had previously been rejected in a 1972 referendum, and by French veto in 1962.
1994 Norwegian European Union membership referendum
(1994-11-27) (1994-11-28)27–28 November 1994
Should Norway become a member of the EU (European Union)?
The "No" campaign was led by Anne Enger Lahnstein, leader of the Centre Party.[4] The main themes of the "No" campaign were loss of sovereignty if Norway should join the Union, as well as the fundamental differences in economic structure between Norway and the EU, as Norway has an economy based heavily on natural resources (especially oil and fish), in contrast to the EU's more industrial economy.
Prime MinisterGro Harlem Brundtland led the "Yes" campaign. Her party, the Labour Party, was divided on the question of Norwegian membership of the Union. She refused to threaten to resign if the referendum failed to result in a "Yes" vote, on the grounds that more serious divisions could have arisen in the Labour Party. The main arguments of the "Yes" side were that as a European country, Norway belonged in the European Union, and that Norway's economy would benefit from membership.
According to John Erik Fossum, a political science professor at ARENA, Centre for European Studies, University of Oslo, "the fact that Norway had already signed the EEA agreement made it easier for people to vote no because they knew that Norway had assured EU market access."[5]
Results
Countrywide
Norwegian European Union membership referendum, 1994[6][7]
^Bjørklund, Tor (1997). "Old and New Patterns: The 'No' Majority in the 1972 and 1994 EC/EU Referendums in Norway". Acta Sociologica. 40 (2): 143–159. doi:10.1177/000169939704000202. ISSN 0001-6993. JSTOR 4201020. S2CID 143540692.
^Fossum, John Erik (2019-08-28). "Norway and the European Union". Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1043. ISBN978-0-19-022863-7. Retrieved 2021-03-12.
^Biography on Norwegian government's website (in Norwegian)
^Fossum, John Erik (2019). "What is the Norway Model? Mode of Affiliation or Political Compromise?". The Political Quarterly. 90 (2): 266–273. doi:10.1111/1467-923X.12684. hdl:10852/77098. ISSN 1467-923X. S2CID 159421286.
^Folkeavstemningene om EU og EF. Fylkesvis Statistics Norway (in Norwegian)
Norway. EU Referendum 1994, Electoral Geography 2.0 website
January 24, 2023
1994, norwegian, european, union, membership, referendum, referendum, joining, european, union, held, norway, november, 1994, after, long, period, heated, debate, side, with, cent, vote, turnout, cent, membership, what, then, european, community, previously, b. A referendum on joining the European Union was held in Norway on 27 and 28 November 1994 1 2 3 After a long period of heated debate the no side won with 52 2 per cent of the vote on a turnout of 88 6 per cent Membership of what was then the European Community had previously been rejected in a 1972 referendum and by French veto in 1962 1994 Norwegian European Union membership referendum 1994 11 27 1994 11 28 27 28 November 1994Should Norway become a member of the EU European Union ResultsChoice Votes Yes 1 389 997 47 82 No 1 516 803 52 18 Valid votes 2 906 800 99 88 Invalid or blank votes 3 571 0 12 Total votes 2 910 321 100 00 Registered voters turnout 3 266 064 89 11 Results by county Contents 1 Campaign 2 Results 2 1 Countrywide 2 2 By constituency 3 See also 4 References 5 External linksCampaign EditThe No campaign was led by Anne Enger Lahnstein leader of the Centre Party 4 The main themes of the No campaign were loss of sovereignty if Norway should join the Union as well as the fundamental differences in economic structure between Norway and the EU as Norway has an economy based heavily on natural resources especially oil and fish in contrast to the EU s more industrial economy Prime Minister Gro Harlem Brundtland led the Yes campaign Her party the Labour Party was divided on the question of Norwegian membership of the Union She refused to threaten to resign if the referendum failed to result in a Yes vote on the grounds that more serious divisions could have arisen in the Labour Party The main arguments of the Yes side were that as a European country Norway belonged in the European Union and that Norway s economy would benefit from membership According to John Erik Fossum a political science professor at ARENA Centre for European Studies University of Oslo the fact that Norway had already signed the EEA agreement made it easier for people to vote no because they knew that Norway had assured EU market access 5 Results EditCountrywide Edit Norwegian European Union membership referendum 1994 6 7 Choice Votes No 1 516 803 52 2Yes 1 389 997 47 8Valid votes 2 906 750 99 9Invalid or blank votes 3 571 0 1Total votes 2 910 321 100 00Registered voters turnout 3 266 064 89 0By constituency Edit Constituency Electorate Spoilt votes Total poll Yes No Ostfold 185 441 307 163 338 88 87 390 54 75 998 46 Akershus 322 029 443 293 331 91 187 126 64 106 205 36 Oslo 360 340 497 317 585 88 211 550 67 106 035 33 Hedmark 146 468 215 129 674 89 55 367 43 74 307 57 Oppland 142 911 251 126 245 88 55 702 44 70 543 56 Buskerud 174 271 240 154 345 89 88 281 57 66 064 43 Vestfold 155 338 123 138 099 89 78 698 57 59 401 43 Telemark 125 401 106 110 136 88 46 478 42 63 658 58 Aust Agder 73 841 68 64 927 88 28 805 44 36 122 56 Vest Agder 108 226 58 96 318 89 43 947 46 52 371 54 Rogaland 251 790 166 227 485 90 103 066 45 124 419 55 Hordaland 313 511 244 281 543 90 122 942 44 158 601 56 Sogn og Fjordane 80 104 52 71 650 89 22 761 32 48 889 68 More og Romsdal 180 426 178 160 713 89 61 715 38 98 998 62 Sor Trondelag 194 869 239 171 007 88 77 035 45 93 972 55 Nord Trondelag 96 344 50 86 110 89 31 018 36 55 092 64 Nordland 183 703 226 162 474 88 46 394 29 116 080 71 Troms 113 840 57 101 428 89 28 860 28 72 568 72 Finnmark 57 211 51 50 342 88 12 862 26 37 480 74 Source Dataset European Election DatabaseSee also EditNorway European Union relationsReferences Edit Nohlen D amp Stover P 2010 Elections in Europe A data handbook p1438 ISBN 978 3 8329 5609 7 Bjorklund Tor 1997 Old and New Patterns The No Majority in the 1972 and 1994 EC EU Referendums in Norway Acta Sociologica 40 2 143 159 doi 10 1177 000169939704000202 ISSN 0001 6993 JSTOR 4201020 S2CID 143540692 Fossum John Erik 2019 08 28 Norway and the European Union Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics doi 10 1093 acrefore 9780190228637 013 1043 ISBN 978 0 19 022863 7 Retrieved 2021 03 12 Biography on Norwegian government s website in Norwegian Fossum John Erik 2019 What is the Norway Model Mode of Affiliation or Political Compromise The Political Quarterly 90 2 266 273 doi 10 1111 1467 923X 12684 hdl 10852 77098 ISSN 1467 923X S2CID 159421286 Folkeavstemningene om EU og EF Fylkesvis Statistics Norway in Norwegian Folkeavstemningen om EU permanent dead link Statistics Norway in Norwegian External links EditThe European Movement in Norway No to the EU Norwegian eurosceptics Norway EU Referendum 1994 Electoral Geography 2 0 website Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 1994 Norwegian European Union membership referendum amp oldid 1123684963, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
