In early Greek alphabets, the shape and orientation of lambda varied.[3] Most variants consisted of two straight strokes, one longer than the other, connected at their ends. The angle might be in the upper-left, lower-left ("Western" alphabets) or top ("Eastern" alphabets). Other variants had a vertical line with a horizontal or sloped stroke running to the right. With the general adoption of the Ionic alphabet, Greek settled on an angle at the top; the Romans put the angle at the lower-left.
The HTML 4 character entity references for the Greek capital and small letter lambda are Λ and λ respectively.[4] The Unicode code points for lambda are U+039B and U+03BB.
The Greek alphabet on a black figurevessel, with a Phoenician-lamed-shaped lambda. The gamma has the shape of modern lambda.
In statistics, Wilks's lambda is used in multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA analysis) to compare group means on a combination of dependent variables.
In crystal optics, lambda is used to represent a lattice period.
In NATO military operations, a chevron (a heraldic symbol which looks like a capital letter lambda or inverted V) is painted on the vehicles of this military alliance for identification.
In evolutionary algorithms, λ indicates the number of offspring that would be generated from μ current population in each generation. The terms μ and λ are originated from Evolution strategy notation.
In ecology, lambda denotes the long-term intrinsic growth rate of a population. This value is often calculated as the dominant eigenvalue of the age/size class matrix.
In criminology, lambda denotes an individual's frequency of offences.
In electrochemistry, lambda also denotes the ionic conductance of a given ion (the composition of the ion is generally shown as a subscript to the lambda character).
In 1970, a lowercase lambda was chosen by Tom Doerr as the symbol of the New York chapter of the Gay Activists Alliance.[11][12] The lambda symbol became associated with Gay Liberation[13][14] and recognized as an LGBT symbol for some time afterwards, being used as such by the International Gay Rights Congress in Edinburgh.[15]
Litra symbol
The Romanlibra and Byzantinelítra (λίτρα), which served as both the pound mass unit and liter volume unit, were abbreviated in Greek using lambda with modified forms of the iota subscript (as λͅ). These are variously encoded in Unicode. The Ancient Greek NumbersUnicode block includes 10183 GREEK LITRA SIGN (𐆃) as well as 𐅢, which is described as 10162 GREEK ACROPHONIC HERMIONIAN TEN[16] but was much more common as a form of the litra sign. A variant of the sign can be formed from 0338 COMBINING LONG SOLIDUS OVERLAY and either 039B GREEK CAPITAL LETTER LAMDA (Λ̸) or 03BB GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA (λ̸).[17]
Character encodings
Unicode uses the (Modern Greek-based) spelling "lamda" in character names, instead of "lambda", due to "the pre-existing names in ISO 8859-7, as well as preferences expressed by the Greek National Body".[18]
These characters are used only as mathematical symbols. Stylized Greek text should be encoded using the normal Greek letters, with markup and formatting to indicate text style.
See also
Look up Λ or λ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
^Goodwin, Joseph P. (1989). "It Takes One to Know One". More Man Than You'll Ever Be: Gay Folklore and Acculturation in Middle America. Indiana University Press. p. 26. ISBN978-0253338938.
^Haggerty, George E., ed. (2000). Gay Histories and Cultures: An Encyclopedia (Encyclopedia of Gay Histories and Cultures, Volume II) (1 ed.). London: Garland Publishing. p. 529. ISBN0-8153-1880-4. OCLC 750790369.
^(PDF). Stephanus.TLG.UCI.edu. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-16.
^"Unicode Mail List Archive: RE: Greek letter "LAMDA"?".
January 13, 2023
lambda, this, article, about, greek, letter, other, uses, disambiguation, redirects, here, confused, with, turned, uppercase, lowercase, greek, λάμ, δα, lám, 11th, letter, greek, alphabet, representing, voiced, alveolar, lateral, approximant, system, greek, nu. This article is about the Greek letter For other uses see Lambda disambiguation L redirects here Not to be confused with Turned v ʎ or 人 Lambda ˈ l ae m d e 1 uppercase L lowercase l Greek lam b da lam b da is the 11th letter of the Greek alphabet representing the voiced alveolar lateral approximant IPA l In the system of Greek numerals lambda has a value of 30 Lambda is derived from the Phoenician Lamed Lambda gave rise to the Latin L and the Cyrillic El L The ancient grammarians and dramatists give evidence to the pronunciation as laːbdaː labda in Classical Greek times 2 In Modern Greek the name of the letter Lamda is pronounced ˈlam da In early Greek alphabets the shape and orientation of lambda varied 3 Most variants consisted of two straight strokes one longer than the other connected at their ends The angle might be in the upper left lower left Western alphabets or top Eastern alphabets Other variants had a vertical line with a horizontal or sloped stroke running to the right With the general adoption of the Ionic alphabet Greek settled on an angle at the top the Romans put the angle at the lower left The HTML 4 character entity references for the Greek capital and small letter lambda are amp 923 and amp 955 respectively 4 The Unicode code points for lambda are U 039B and U 03BB The Greek alphabet on a black figure vessel with a Phoenician lamed shaped lambda The gamma has the shape of modern lambda Contents 1 Symbol 1 1 Upper case letter L 1 2 Lower case letter l 1 3 Litra symbol 2 Character encodings 3 See also 4 ReferencesSymbol EditUpper case letter L Edit This section has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This section does not cite any sources Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed March 2021 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article contains a list of miscellaneous information Please relocate any relevant information into other sections or articles September 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message Examples of the symbolic use of uppercase lambda include The lambda particle is a type of subatomic particle in subatomic particle physics Lambda is the set of logical axioms in the axiomatic method of logical deduction in first order logic There is a poetical allusion to the use of Lambda as a shield blazon by the Spartans citation needed 5 Lambda is the von Mangoldt function in mathematical number theory Lambda denotes the de Bruijn Newman constant which is closely connected with Riemann s hypothesis In statistics lambda is used for the likelihood ratio In statistics Wilks s lambda is used in multivariate analysis of variance MANOVA analysis to compare group means on a combination of dependent variables In the spectral decomposition of matrices lambda indicates the diagonal matrix of the eigenvalues of the matrix In computer science lambda is the time window over which a process is observed for determining the working memory set for a digital computer s virtual memory management In astrophysics lambda represents the likelihood that a small body will encounter a planet or a dwarf planet leading to a deflection of a significant magnitude An object with a large value of lambda is expected to have cleared its neighbourhood satisfying the current definition of a planet In crystal optics lambda is used to represent a lattice period In NATO military operations a chevron a heraldic symbol which looks like a capital letter lambda or inverted V is painted on the vehicles of this military alliance for identification In electrochemistry lambda denotes the equivalent conductance of an electrolyte solution In cosmology lambda is the symbol for the cosmological constant a term added to some dynamical equations to account for the accelerating expansion of the universe In optics lambda denotes the grating pitch of a Bragg reflector Also in optics it denotes wavelength of light In politics the lambda is the symbol of Identitarianism a white nationalist movement that originated in France before spreading out to the rest of Europe and later on to North America Australia and New Zealand The Identitarian lambda represents the Battle of Thermopylae Lower case letter l Edit This section has multiple issues Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page Learn how and when to remove these template messages This section needs additional citations for verification Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources Unsourced material may be challenged and removed October 2013 Learn how and when to remove this template message This article contains a list of miscellaneous information Please relocate any relevant information into other sections or articles September 2017 Learn how and when to remove this template message Lower case lambda Examples of the symbolic use of lowercase lambda include Lambda indicates the wavelength of any wave especially in physics electronic engineering and mathematics 6 In evolutionary algorithms l indicates the number of offspring that would be generated from m current population in each generation The terms m and l are originated from Evolution strategy notation Lambda indicates the radioactivity decay constant in nuclear physics and radioactivity This constant is very simply related by a multiplicative constant to the half life of any radioactive material In probability theory lambda represents the density of occurrences within a time interval as modelled by the Poisson distribution In mathematical logic and computer science lambda is used to introduce anonymous functions expressed with the concepts of lambda calculus Lambda indicates an eigenvalue in the mathematics of linear algebra In the physics of electric fields lambda sometimes indicates the linear charge density of a uniform line of electric charge measured in coulombs per meter Lambda denotes a Lagrange multiplier in multi dimensional calculus In solid state electronics lambda indicates the channel length modulation parameter of a MOSFET In ecology lambda denotes the long term intrinsic growth rate of a population This value is often calculated as the dominant eigenvalue of the age size class matrix In formal language theory and in computer science lambda denotes the empty string Lambda is a nonstandard symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet for the voiced alveolar lateral affricate dɮ Lambda denotes the Lebesgue measure in mathematical set theory The Goodman and Kruskal s lambda in statistics indicates the proportional reduction in error when one variable s values are used to predict the values of another variable Lambda denotes the oxygen sensor in a vehicle that measures the air to fuel ratio in the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine A Lambda 4S solid fuel rocket was used to launch Japan s first orbital satellite in 1970 7 Lambda denotes the failure rate of devices and systems in reliability theory and it is measured in failure events per hour Numerically this lambda is also the reciprocal of the mean time between failures In criminology lambda denotes an individual s frequency of offences In electrochemistry lambda also denotes the ionic conductance of a given ion the composition of the ion is generally shown as a subscript to the lambda character In neurobiology lambda denotes the length constant or exponential rate of decay of the electric potential across the cell membrane along a length of a nerve cell s axon In the science and technology of heat transfer lambda denotes the heat of vaporization per mole of material a k a its latent heat 8 In the technology and science of celestial navigation lambda denotes the longitude as opposed to the Roman letter L which denotes the latitude A block style lambda is used as a recurring symbol in the Valve computer game series Half Life 9 referring to the Lambda Complex of the fictional Black Mesa Research Facility as well as making appearances in the sequel Half Life 2 and its subsequent prequel Half Life Alyx as an in universe logo 10 In 1970 a lowercase lambda was chosen by Tom Doerr as the symbol of the New York chapter of the Gay Activists Alliance 11 12 The lambda symbol became associated with Gay Liberation 13 14 and recognized as an LGBT symbol for some time afterwards being used as such by the International Gay Rights Congress in Edinburgh 15 Litra symbol Edit The Roman libra and Byzantine litra litra which served as both the pound mass unit and liter volume unit were abbreviated in Greek using lambda with modified forms of the iota subscript as l These are variously encoded in Unicode The Ancient Greek Numbers Unicode block includes 10183 GREEK LITRA SIGN as well as which is described as 10162 GREEK ACROPHONIC HERMIONIAN TEN 16 but was much more common as a form of the litra sign A variant of the sign can be formed from 0338 COMBINING LONG SOLIDUS OVERLAY and either 039B GREEK CAPITAL LETTER LAMDA L or 03BB GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA l 17 Character encodings EditUnicode uses the Modern Greek based spelling lamda in character names instead of lambda due to the pre existing names in ISO 8859 7 as well as preferences expressed by the Greek National Body 18 Greek Lambda Coptic Laula Character information Preview L l ᴧ Ⲗ ⲗUnicode name GREEK CAPITAL LETTER LAMDA GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMDA GREEK LETTER SMALL CAPITAL LAMDA COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER LAULA COPTIC SMALL LETTER LAULAEncodings decimal hex dec hex dec hex dec hex dec hexUnicode 923 U 039B 955 U 03BB 7463 U 1D27 11414 U 2C96 11415 U 2C97UTF 8 206 155 CE 9B 206 187 CE BB 225 180 167 E1 B4 A7 226 178 150 E2 B2 96 226 178 151 E2 B2 97Numeric character reference amp 923 wbr amp x39B wbr amp 955 wbr amp x3BB wbr amp 7463 wbr amp x1D27 wbr amp 11414 wbr amp x2C96 wbr amp 11415 wbr amp x2C97 wbr Named character reference amp Lambda amp lambda DOS Greek 138 8A 162 A2DOS Greek 2 182 B6 229 E5Windows 1253 203 CB 235 EBTeX Lambda lambdaMathematical Lambda Character information Preview 𝚲 𝛌 𝛬 𝜆 𝜦 𝝀Unicode name MATHEMATICAL BOLDCAPITAL LAMDA MATHEMATICAL BOLDSMALL LAMDA MATHEMATICAL ITALICCAPITAL LAMDA MATHEMATICAL ITALICSMALL LAMDA MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALICCAPITAL LAMDA MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALICSMALL LAMDAEncodings decimal hex dec hex dec hex dec hex dec hex dec hexUnicode 120498 U 1D6B2 120524 U 1D6CC 120556 U 1D6EC 120582 U 1D706 120614 U 1D726 120640 U 1D740UTF 8 240 157 154 178 F0 9D 9A B2 240 157 155 140 F0 9D 9B 8C 240 157 155 172 F0 9D 9B AC 240 157 156 134 F0 9D 9C 86 240 157 156 166 F0 9D 9C A6 240 157 157 128 F0 9D 9D 80UTF 16 55349 57010 D835 DEB2 55349 57036 D835 DECC 55349 57068 D835 DEEC 55349 57094 D835 DF06 55349 57126 D835 DF26 55349 57152 D835 DF40Numeric character reference amp 120498 wbr amp x1D6B2 wbr amp 120524 wbr amp x1D6CC wbr amp 120556 wbr amp x1D6EC wbr amp 120582 wbr amp x1D706 wbr amp 120614 wbr amp x1D726 wbr amp 120640 wbr amp x1D740 wbr Character information Preview 𝝠 𝝺 𝞚 𝞴Unicode name MATHEMATICAL SANS SERIFBOLD CAPITAL LAMDA MATHEMATICAL SANS SERIFBOLD SMALL LAMDA MATHEMATICAL SANS SERIFBOLD ITALIC CAPITAL LAMDA MATHEMATICAL SANS SERIFBOLD ITALIC SMALL LAMDAEncodings decimal hex dec hex dec hex dec hexUnicode 120672 U 1D760 120698 U 1D77A 120730 U 1D79A 120756 U 1D7B4UTF 8 240 157 157 160 F0 9D 9D A0 240 157 157 186 F0 9D 9D BA 240 157 158 154 F0 9D 9E 9A 240 157 158 180 F0 9D 9E B4UTF 16 55349 57184 D835 DF60 55349 57210 D835 DF7A 55349 57242 D835 DF9A 55349 57268 D835 DFB4Numeric character reference amp 120672 wbr amp x1D760 wbr amp 120698 wbr amp x1D77A wbr amp 120730 wbr amp x1D79A wbr amp 120756 wbr amp x1D7B4 wbr These characters are used only as mathematical symbols Stylized Greek text should be encoded using the normal Greek letters with markup and formatting to indicate text style See also Edit Look up L or l in Wiktionary the free dictionary Barred lambda ƛ El Cyrillic L l Fraser alphabet Consonants Greek letters used in mathematics science and engineeringReferences Edit lambda Oxford English Dictionary Online ed Oxford University Press Subscription or participating institution membership required Herbert Weir Smyth A Greek Grammar for Colleges I 1 c Epigraphic Sources for Early Greek Writing Poinikastas CSAD ox ac uk Retrieved 2011 10 03 HTML 4 01 Specification 24 Character entity references in HTML 4 World Wide Web Consortium Philodemus 2003 On Poems Oxford University Press p 212 ISBN 9780199262854 Nelkon Michael 1977 Fundamentals of Physics St Albans Hertfordshire Hart Davis Educational p 329 Encyclopedia Astronautica Lambda Astronautix com Archived from the original on 2012 10 22 Retrieved 2012 12 18 Wankat Separation Process Engineering 2nd ed Prentice Hall Half Life on Steam store steampowered com Valve Retrieved 2017 01 02 Half Life 2 on Steam store steampowered com Valve Retrieved 2017 01 02 Rapp Linda 2004 Gay Activists Alliance PDF glbtq com 1969 The Year of Gay Liberation The New York Public Library June 2009 Retrieved 17 November 2018 Goodwin Joseph P 1989 It Takes One to Know One More Man Than You ll Ever Be Gay Folklore and Acculturation in Middle America Indiana University Press p 26 ISBN 978 0253338938 Rapp Linda 2003 Symbols PDF glbtq com Haggerty George E ed 2000 Gay Histories and Cultures An Encyclopedia Encyclopedia of Gay Histories and Cultures Volume II 1 ed London Garland Publishing p 529 ISBN 0 8153 1880 4 OCLC 750790369 Unicode Ancient Greek Numbers block Thesaurus Linguae Graecae PDF Stephanus TLG UCI edu Archived from the original PDF on 2011 07 16 Unicode Mail List Archive RE Greek letter LAMDA Retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title Lambda amp oldid 1132985966, wikipedia, wiki, book, books, library,
